Sample Multiple Choice Questions from Text, Unit 10 Nutr 2050

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1 Sample Multiple Choice Questions from Text, Unit 10 Nutr Which of the following has NOT contributed to life expectancy rate estimates? a. Infant mortality rates b. Infectious and chronic disease c. Safe food handling d. Gunshot wound or car accident e. Childhood mortality 2. The human life span is projected to be from years. a b c d. > Aging theories try to explain the mechanisms behind: a. loss of physical resilience. b. decreased resistance to disease. c. physical and mental changes associated with aging. d. gray hair and wrinkles. e. a, b, and c only 4. Theories of aging fall into three major categories. Which of the following would NOT be considered one of these? a. Natural selection b. Wear and tear c. Programmed aging d. Caloric restriction e. a and b 4. Programmed aging theorizes that senescence occurs because a. the telomeres capping the ends of chromosomes become shorter with each cell division and their loss eventually stops the chromosomes from replicating, resulting in senescence. b. mistakes in the replication of cells or buildup of damaging by-products from biologic processes eventually destroy the organism. c. unstable oxygen, formed normally during metabolism, can damage cells by initiating reactions that break down cells membranes. d. fast-paced living shortens lifespan. e. b and c only 5. Of all the physiologic changes that occur with aging, the biggest effect on nutritional status is due to shifts in the. a. endocrine system b. musculo-skeletal system c. gastrointestinal system d. nervous system e. renal system 6. Oral health depends on several organ systems working together. Which of the following is NOT one of these organ systems?

2 a. Saliva from gastrointestinal secretions b. Tooth and jaw movement c. The mucus membranes d. Taste buds e. All of the above contribute to good oral health functioning. 7. A decrease in physical activity and in basal metabolic rate from early to late adulthood results in % fewer calories needed for weight maintenance. a. 8 b. 12 c. 20 d. 25 e It is difficult to meet vitamin and mineral needs at Calorie levels below a b c d e. It is hard to meet vitamin and mineral needs at ANY calorie level; therefore, a multivitamin is ALWAYS recommended. 9. The recommended dietary fiber intake range for adults 51 years old and above is. a. age plus 5 grams b grams c grams d. There are no fiber recommendations because elderly take fiber supplements. 10. Which of the following would NOT be considered a high-quality source of protein? a. meat b. milk c. eggs d. wheat e. All of the above are considered high-quality proteins. 11. Age-associated physiological system changes that affect nutritional health include all of the following EXCEPT: a. increased secretion of saliva. b. reduced levels of estrogen and testosterone. c. blunted appetite regulation. d. reduced breathing capacity. e. less blood flow. 12. It is common for the elderly to have suboptimal vitamin D status or develop vitamin D deficiency due to all of the following EXCEPT: a. inadequate exposure to sunlight. b. use of excessive amounts of sunscreen. c. decreased intake of vitamin D-containing foods. d. decreased hydroxylation in the kidneys. e. All of the above would be reasons why the elderly have vitamin D deficiency.

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4 13. Which statement(s) describe(s) how physiologic doses found in a vitamin-mineral formula for the elderly differ from high-potency formulas? a. Additional vitamin B 12 is added b. Little or no iron is added c. Decrease in zinc d. Additional vitamin E is added e. a and b 14. Having a deficiency of which vitamin has been implicated in increased blood levels of homocysteine in the elderly? a. iron b. folate c. calcium d. all the B vitamins and vitamin C e. fat-soluble vitamins only (A, D, E, K) 15. When may it be beneficial to recommend a vitamin or mineral supplement to an elderly person? a. when they experience loss of taste or smell b. when they have an illness causing a loss of appetite c. when they are consuming a nutrient-dense diet d. all of the above e. a and b 16. A short-stature female (5 2 ) was not consistently eating two or three meals a day. She usually had a piece of toast and coffee with cream and sugar at breakfast and never could quite eat all of her home-delivered noon meal. What dietary supplement would you recommend? a. Multi-vitamin/mineral that is physiologically designed for elderly b. Calcium supplement only c. Folate, vitamin B 12 and iron only d. Calcium and magnesium only 17. Recommendations for the macronutrients for the elderly are: a % of energy from carbohydrate, 25-35% of energy from fat, and between 1 and 1.3 grams/kilogram protein b % of energy from carbohydrate, 20-35% of energy from fat, and between 1 and 1.3 grams/kilogram protein c % of energy from carbohydrate, 20-35% of energy from fat, and between 1 and 1.3 grams/kilogram protein. d % of energy from carbohydrate, 20-35% of energy from fat, and between 1 and 1.3 grams/kilogram protein. e % of energy from carbohydrate, 25-40% of energy from fat, and between 1 and 1.3 grams/kilogram protein. 18. Physical activity helps: a. build lean body mass. b. maintain flexibility and balance. c. improve aerobic capacity. d. maintain health. e. all of the above 19. When trying to promote healthy teeth and avoid cavities, what is important to know?

5 a. Caramels & raisins are sticky and can wedge between teeth b. Sipping slowly on soft drinks can increase bacterial growth c. Coffee can break down enamel and cause wear and tear on teeth d. All of the above e. a and b Use the following case study to answer questions Mrs. Brown is 55 years old and 5 ft. 3 in. tall, with a medium frame. She reports having lost 20 pounds in the last 6 months and now weighs 130 pounds. She eats 2 meals a day and is complaining that food has lost its taste, and when she eats, she feels something sticking in her throat, pain and discomfort; she has ill-fitting dentures that she does not wear very often. 20. What is Mrs. Brown s BMI? a. 17 b. 23 c. 26 d. 31 e According to the previous answer, Mrs. Brown s BMI means she is: a. very underweight. b. underweight. c. normal weight. d. overweight. e. obese. 22. Mrs. Brown is at risk of nutritional deficiency due to: a. her current BMI. b. involuntary weight loss. c. problems with dentures. d. all of the above e. b and c only 23. What would be an appropriate amount of protein to recommend to Mrs. Brown if she is eating 1,000 Calories per day? a. 55 grams/day b. 77 grams/day c. 88 grams/day d. 100 grams/day e. >100 grams/day 24. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding theories of aging? a. free radical damage is known to promote chronic conditions including heart disease, cataracts, and some cancers b. scientists postulate that if they could shorten the telomeres of chromosomes more slowly than happens naturally, cell senescence could be delayed c. protein cross-links form because of exposure to high glucose levels, resulting in adverse changes in tissue and organ function d. cells from long-lived species (such as humans) have higher Hayflick limits than cells from shorter-lived species (such as mice or rats) E 25. The most common reason that vitamin B 12 deficiency, or at least compromised B 12

6 status, occurs in older adults is because a. diets are frequently low in vitamin B 12, since oral problems and financial difficulties limit meat intake and meats are the best dietary sources of B 12. b. pernicious anemia is common in the elderly. c. malabsorption of vitamin B 12 found naturally in foods is common in the elderly. d. the elderly have a higher incidence of bacterial overgrowth which decreases secretion of hydrochloric acid. e. both c and d 26. Caloric restriction in animals has been shown to do all the following EXCEPT: a. decrease age-related diseases. b. shorten lifespan. c. cause them to live longer. d. slow decline of muscle loss. e. b and d ********************************************************************************************* ************* Chapter 19 A 27. The two leading causes of death among the elderly are heart disease and. a. cancer b. accidents (automobile) c. arthritis d. Alzheimer s/dementia E 28. The definition of stroke is:. a. a blood clot that develops in a vessel supplying blood to the brain b. a blood clot that forms elsewhere in the body but travels and lodges in a vessel supplying blood to the brain c. a vessel in the brain that ruptures and decreases blood supply to the brain d. plaque that builds up in the arteries supplying blood to the brain e. a, b, and c D 29. How is nutritional status affected when an older adult has a stroke? a. The ability to swallow may be forgotten b. The ability to chew may be altered c. Teaching may need to be done on how to feed oneself d. All of the above e. a and b only E 30. Nutritional treatment for older overweight or obese persons includes. a. healthy, nutrient-dense foods that help promote slow weight loss b. a high-protein, very-low-carbohydrate diet c. decreasing sodium intake d. moderating the amount and modifying the type of fiber eaten e. all of the above C 31. An overweight elderly woman with type 2 diabetes visited her health care provider. When asked how her blood sugar control has been, the woman remarks, Better than ever. What blood test could the provider order to verify this? a. Hemoglobin

7 b. Hematocrit c. Hemoglobin A 1 C d. Blood triglycerides E 32. Diabetes leads to a tenfold greater risk of all of the following EXCEPT: a. amputations. b. neuropathies. c. macular degeneration. d. cataracts. e. elevated blood lipids. D A 33. Which of the following nutrient intakes is NOT a risk factor for osteoporosis? a. Calcium intake b. Alcohol intake c. low body weight d. Iron intake 34. The best description of postmenopausal bone loss in women is. a. slow, gradual bone losses b. accelerated, marked bone losses c. variable bone rate losses d. none of the above E 35. Which of the following has/have been shown to make bones weak? a. Bed rest b. Hospitalization c. Sedentary lifestyle d. Resistance exercise e. a, b, and c C 36. Changes in oral health are common in older adults, and may include the following: a. missing teeth. b. cavities. c. xerostomia. d. dysguesia. e. all of the above C 37. Unintentional weight loss of or more within a six-month period is associated with increased mortality. a. 5% b. 7% c. 10% d. 13% e. 16% E 39. A deficiency in vitamin B 12 may lead to: a. irreversible neurological damage. b. cognitive impairment. c. constipation. d. all of the above e. a and b only

8 B 40. Sarcopenia means: a. lack of appetite. b. loss of muscle associated with aging. c. weight is below the 5th percentile for age. d. loss of fat mass due to illness. e. none of the above A 42. Seven signs and symptoms have been strongly related to dehydration in the elderly. Which of the following would NOT be one of these? a. hearing difficulty b. confusion c. dry tongue d. sunken appearance of eyes e. upper body weakness Use the following information to answer questions A 75-year-old female reports having lost 20 pounds in the last 3 months and now weighs 100 pounds; she is 5 3. She is complaining that food has lost its taste, and when she does eat, she develops severe heartburn. She is now in your office for assessment. Her daily intake is ~1000 Calories with 35 g of protein. 1 cup non-fat milk 1 medium apple 1 slice bread + 3 t. butter 1 cup black coffee + 3 t. sugar 1 / 3 cup cooked rice ½ cup cooked zucchini 2 oz. ground beef 1 cup orange juice 1 oz. Cheddar cheese Black coffee 2 martinis before dinner B 43. How does her current weight compare to her usual weight? a. She is 77% of her usual body weight b. She is 83% of her usual body weight c. She is 94% of her usual body weight d. She is 120% of her usual body weight

9 E 44. How does her intake compare to her estimated protein needs? a. it is low; based on her weight she should be consuming at least 100 g b. it is low; based on her current weight, she should be consuming at least 45 g c. it is low; based on her current weight, she should be consuming up to ~70 g d. it is adequate to meet her needs based on her current weight and Calorie intake e. both b and c E 45. What dietary changes might help with her heartburn? a. Skipping the martinis before dinner b. Avoiding coffee c. Changing her milk to whole vs. non-fat d. All of the above e. a and b only E 46. What other suggestions could you give her to help prevent weight loss and increase protein in her diet? a. Eat more calories throughout day b. Exercise to help build muscle mass c. Try a protein & energy supplement d. Avoid foods that irritate you e. All of the above Acknowledgement: These questions were written by S. Gollnick for Thomson Wadsworth and were taken with permission from the Instructor s Resource CD-Rom.