Amino Acid + Amino Acid + Amino Acid Proteins (many peptide linkages)
|
|
- Charlotte Caldwell
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2
3 Amino Acid + Amino Acid + Amino Acid Peptide linkage Proteins (many peptide linkages)
4 Proteins Casein Gelatin Albumin Peptone Amino Acids Cysteine Arginine Tryptophan Tyrosine
5 Cysteine Tyrosine Arginine Tryptophan
6 Tests to be done: Ninhydrin s test (specific to all Proteins & Amino acids) Biuret s test (specific to Proteins) Sakaguchi s test (specific to Arginine) Nitropruside s test (specific to Cysteine) Millon s test (specific to Tyrosine) Hopkins-Cole s test (specific to Tryptophan)
7 Ninhydrin s test Ninhydrin reaction Principle: Ninhydrin is Specific for Amino Acids & Proteins to differentiate between Carbohydrates (-ve) and Amino Acids & Proteins (+ve). Ninhydrin Reacts with α-amino acids ( NH 2 ) in proteins giving a purple colored complex, except Proline and hydroxy proline gives yellow color(no NH 2 ). Ninhydrin is most commonly used as a forensic chemical to detect fingerprints, as amines left over from proteins sloughed off in fingerprints react with ninhydrin giving a characteristic purple color. Procedure & observation: To 1 ml amino acid solution in a test tube, add 2-3 drops of ninhydrin reagent. - Put in a boiling water bath and observe the formation of a purple color.
8 Ninhydrin s test 2-3 drops of B Mix Mix Heat 2-3 min 1ml of solution A C Unknown A Proteins or Amino Acids & Carbohydrates Reagent B Drops of Ninhydrin reagent Result Observation C Dark purple colour on heat Proteins or Amino Acids (free NH 2 ) C No reaction (no change in colour) Carbohydrates
9 Biuret s test Principle: Biuret test is Specific for Proteins To differentiate between Proteins (+ve) and Amino Acids (-ve). The biuret reagent (copper sulfate in a strong base) reacts with peptide bonds in proteins to form a violet complex known as the Biuret complex. Two peptide bonds are at least required for the formation of this complex, this is why amino acids give negative results with Biuret test. Procedure & observation: To 1 ml of protein solution (Albumin Casein Gelatin Peptone) in a test tube, add 1 ml of 10% sodium hydroxide solution and 2-3 drops of 1% copper sulfate solution. Mix well; a violet color is obtained with albumin, casein & gelatin and a pinkish violet color with peptone.
10 Biuret s test 1ml of NaOH 2-3 drops of CuSO 4 Mix Mix 1ml of solution A C Unknown A Proteins or Amino Acids Reagent B 2 ml NaOH, then 2 drops of CuSO4 (1%) Result Observation C Violet colour Proteins (reacts with Di-peptide bonds) C No change in colour (Blue) Amino Acids (No di-peptide linkage)
11 Sakaguchi s test Principle: Sakaguchi test is Specific for free Arginine or proteins containing Arginine. Sakaguchi's test is positive for the amino acid containing the guanidine group in Arginine. Guanidine group present in the amino acid reacts with α-naphthol and alkaline hypobromite to give red-coloured complex. Procedure & observation: To 1 ml of protein solution in a test tube, add 40%NaOH (2-3 drops) + Ethanolic a-naphthol (2-3 drops) and Bromine water (2-3 drops) Mix well; a red-colour complex will be formed with Arginine or protein containing Arginine.
12 Sakaguchi s test B Mix Mix 1ml of solution A Unknown A Proteins or Amino Acids Reagent B 2-3 drops 40%NaOH, then 2-3 drops alcoholic α -Naphthol, mix then add 2-3 drops Bromine water or (for safety, use Chlorine water) Observatio n C Result C Red colour Proteins containing Arginine C Red colour Arginine (Guanidine gp)
13 Nitroprusside s test Principle: It is specific for Amino Acids or Proteins containing sulfur, -SH (in cysteine & cystine) gives a red-purple colour called Mörner test. Procedure & observation: To 1 ml of protein solution containing Cysteine/Cystine in a test tube, add 3 drops of a 5% solution of sodium nitroprusside - Mix well and add few drops of ammonia solution, a deep red-purple color appears; called also Mörner test. l
14 Nitroprusside s test B Mix Mix 1ml of solution A C Unknown A Cystine or Cysteine in Proteins or Amino Acids Reagent B 3 drops Sodiun nitropruside, Then, 3-5 drops Ammonia soln. Result Observation C Deep Red purple colour Amino Acid: Cystine or Cysteine (-SH gp) C Deep Red purple colour Proteins containing Cystine or Cysteine (-SH gp)
15 Millon s test Principle: It is specific for Tyrosine. Millon's reagent (Hg/HNO3) gives positive results (red pink colour appears) with proteins containing the phenolic amino acid tyrosine. Procedure & observation: To 1 ml of protein solution in a test tube, add 1ml of Millon s reagent [Hg(SO 4 ) + HNO 3 ] - Heat up for few min A red pink colour appears
16 Millon s test 1 ml of B Mix Mix Heat 2-3 min 1ml of solution A C Unknown A Tyrosin in Proteins or Amino Acids Reagent B 1 ml Millon reagent [Hg(SO 4 ) + HNO 3 ] then heat Result Observation C Red-Pink colour Amino Acid: Tyrosin (-Ph-OH gp) C Red-Pink colour Proteins containing Tyrosin (-Ph-OH gp)
17 Aldehyde test Hopkin-Cole Principle: It is Specific for Tryptophan amino acid, whether it is free or in proteins. Sulphuric acid in presence of mercuric sulphate oxidizes the indole nucleus of tryptophan. The product formed reacts with aldehydes to form violet-purple colored complex (ring). Procedure & observation: To 1 ml of protein solution in a test tube, add 2 drops of [0.2 of Formalin + 1 drop of 10% HgSO 4 ] and mix well. Incline the test tube and slowly add 2 ml of concentrated H 2 SO 4 on the inner wall of the test tube to form violet-purple ring at the junction of the 2 layers. A reddish violet ring is formed at the junction between the 2 layers with albumin and casein; gelatin gives negative results.
18 Aldehyde test Hopkin-Cole 2 drops of [Formalin + HgSO 4 ] 2 ml of H 2 SO 4 On the side wall Tryptophan Mix Mix Wait 1 min 1ml of solution A C H 2 SO 4 Unknown A Tryptophan in Proteins or Amino Acids Reagent B 2 drops [Formalin + HgSO 4 ] then add 2 ml conc H 2 SO 4 Result Observation C Violet/Purple colour ring Amino Acid: Tryptophan (Indole ring) C Violet/Purple colour ring Proteins containing Tryptophan (Indole ring)
19 Some additional tests for qualitative identification of proteins A) Heat coagulation test Place about 5 ml of egg-white solution (albumin solution) in a test tube and heat the top part of the solution only. Note that it gradually becomes cloudy and a flocculent precipitate of coagulated protein is produced. D) Picric acid test To 3 ml of gelatin solution in a test tube, add 2ml of saturated picric acid solution, a yellow gelatinous precipitate is formed.
20 Proteins & Amino Acids Procedure Observation Unknown 1- Ninhydrin test Sample solution (l ml) + Ninhydrin reagent (2-3 drops). Observe on Cold or if not, Boil in a water bath for (5 min) and Cool 2- Biuret test Sample solution (1 ml) + Biuret reagent (1 ml) (Better to warm it) 3- Millon's test Sample solution (1 ml) + 1 ml Millon reagent [HgS0 4 reagent 0.5 ml) ml 2M HNO 3 ] Boil in water bath for (2 min) and Cool it. 4- Nitroprusside's test (Mörner test) Sample solution (1 ml) of protein/amino acid containing Cysteine Add (3) drops of sodium nitroprusside Add (3-5) drops of ammonia solution 5- Sakaguchi's test Sample solution (1 ml) drops of Sakaguchi reagent [40%NaOH (4 drop) + Ethanolic a-naphthol] Add Bromine water (1-2) drops [for safety, use chlorine water] 6- Hopkin-Cole test (Aldehyde-test) Sample solution (1 ml) drops of Hopkin-Cole reagent [Diluted Formalin (2 drops) + 10% Mercuric sulphate (4 drops)] Mix well Add Conc. H 2 S0 4 on the side of test tube (1-2) ml Purple colour is formed Violet colour is formed Red colour/precipitate is formed Deep dark purple red colour called also Mörner test Red colour is formed A violet or purplecoloured ring appears at the junction of two layers All A.A. having NH 2 except proline & hydroxyproline All Proteins (not A.A.) as it needs at least 2 peptide bonds Tyrosin contains a phenolic group Cysteine or Cystine Contain SH group Arginine Contains guanidine group Tryptophan Contains Indole group
21 Identification of unknown protein solution Biuret s Test Violet Color Solution is protein Heat coagulation test No Violet Color Solution is not protein (carbohydrates or amino acids) Cloudness at top part of the solution (Albumin) No Cloudness at top part of the solution (Casein-Gelatin-Peptone) Reaction to litmus paper Neutral Soln. is (peptone or Gelatin) Picric acid Test Alkaline Soln. is (Casein) No yellow gelatinous ppt. Soln. is (Peptone) Yellow gelatinous ppt. Soln. is (Gelatin) (Peptone gives pink color with biuret)
22 Identification of unknown Amino Acids Biuret Test Not Violet Color Solution is not protein (carbohydrates or amino acids) Violet Color Solution is protein Molisch s test Violet ring Carbohydrate No violet ring Amino Acids (Cysteine Tryptophan Tyrosin - Arginine) Nitroprusside s test Hopkins-Cole s test Millon s test Sakaguchi s test Cysteine Tryptophan Tyrosin Arginine
23
24
Amino Acid + Amino Acid + Amino Acid Peptide linkage Proteins (many peptide linkages)
Amino Acid + Amino Acid + Amino Acid Peptide linkage Proteins (many peptide linkages) Proteins Casein Gelatin Albumin Peptone Amino Acids Cysteine Arginine Tryptophan Tyrosine Cysteine Tyrosine Arginine
More informationAmino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
1 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins Introduction Amino Acids Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. In class you learned the structures of the 20 common amino acids that make up proteins. All
More informationPreparation of frequently used solutions
Preparation of frequently used solutions Content 1. Diluting Concentrated Acids (Last Login: 08/08/2009) 2. Indicators (Last Login: 27/07/2009) 3. Standard Buffer Solutions (Last Login: 27/07/2009) 4.
More informationIdentification of Unknown Organic Compounds
Identification of Unknown Organic Compounds Introduction The identification and characterization of the structures of unknown substances are an important part of organic chemistry. Although it is often
More informationConduct A Qualitative Test For Starch, Fat, A Reducing Sugar, A Protein
Conduct A Qualitative Test For Starch, Fat, A Reducing Sugar, A Protein Biology Leaving Cert Experiments Materials/Equipment Starch solution (1%) Iodine Solution Glucose Solution (1%) 100 C) Benedict s
More informationIDENTIFICATION OF ALCOHOLS
IDENTIFICATION OF ALCOHOLS Alcohols are organic compounds that which considered as derivatives of water. One of the hydrogen atoms of water molecule (H-O-H) has been replaced by an alkyl or substituted
More informationTOTAL PROTEIN FIBRINOGEN
UNIT: Proteins 16tproteins.wpd Task Determination of Total Protein, Albumin and Globulins Objectives Upon completion of this exercise, the student will be able to: 1. Explain the ratio of albumin and globulin
More informationLab 2 Biochemistry. Learning Objectives. Introduction. Lipid Structure and Role in Food. The lab has the following learning objectives.
1 Lab 2 Biochemistry Learning Objectives The lab has the following learning objectives. Investigate the role of double bonding in fatty acids, through models. Developing a calibration curve for a Benedict
More information1. Qualitative Analysis of Chromium, Iron, and Copper
1. Qualitative Analysis of Chromium, Iron, and Copper Introduction We have used copper and iron as basic materials since the Bronze and Iron Ages, but our extensive use of chromium began only after the
More informationLABORATORY 5 DETECTION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
LABATY 5 DETETIN F FUNTINAL GUPS IN GANI MPUNDS I. haracteristic reactions differentiating saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons from unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons 1. The test of bromine addition. Unsaturated
More informationOrganic Molecules of Life - Exercise 2
Organic Molecules of Life - Exercise 2 Objectives -Know the difference between a reducing sugar and a non-reducing sugar. -Distinguish Monosaccharides from Disaccharides and Polysaccharides -Understand
More informationLaboratory 22: Properties of Alcohols
Introduction Alcohols represent and important class of organic molecules. In this experiment you will study the physical and chemical properties of alcohols. Solubility in water, and organic solvents,
More informationOXIDATION-REDUCTION TITRATIONS-Permanganometry
Experiment No. Date OXIDATION-REDUCTION TITRATIONS-Permanganometry INTRODUCTION Potassium permanganate, KMnO 4, is probably the most widely used of all volumetric oxidizing agents. It is a powerful oxidant
More informationChapter 16: Tests for ions and gases
The position of hydrogen in the reactivity series Hydrogen, although not a metal, is included in the reactivity series because it, like metals, can be displaced from aqueous solution, only this time the
More informationLAB 3: DIGESTION OF ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES
LAB 3: DIGESTION OF ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES INTRODUCTION Enzymes are a special class of proteins that lower the activation energy of biological reactions. These biological catalysts change the rate of chemical
More informationEnteric Unknowns Miramar College Biology 205 Microbiology
Enteric Unknowns Miramar College Biology 205 Microbiology Enteric (Greek enteron = intestine) bacteria are comprised of several different genera, but all reside in the digestive tract of mammals. Because
More informationJUNIOR COLLEGE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT EXPERIMENT 21 SECOND YEAR PRACTICAL. Name: Group: Date: THE CHEMISTRY OF COPPER AND IRON
JUNIOR COLLEGE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT EXPERIMENT 21 SECOND YEAR PRACTICAL Name: Group: Date: COPPER THE CHEMISTRY OF COPPER AND IRON 1. To a solution of Cu 2+ ions add aqueous sodium hydroxide and heat the
More informationChemical Processes of Digestion
Chemical Processes of Digestion Objective: To explain in short essays or diagrams how carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are digested into end products that can be absorbed into the blood, at the level
More informationThe Chemistry of Carbohydrates
The Chemistry of Carbohydrates Experiment #5 Objective: To determine the carbohydrate class of an unknown by carrying out a series of chemical reactions with the unknown and known compounds in each class
More informationAssessment Schedule 2013 Chemistry: Demonstrate understanding of the properties of organic compounds (91391)
NCEA Level 3 Chemistry (91391) 2013 page 1 of 8 Assessment Schedule 2013 Chemistry: Demonstrate understanding of the properties of organic compounds (91391) Evidence Statement Q Evidence Achievement Achievement
More informationLab #13: Qualitative Analysis of Cations and Anions
Lab #13: Qualitative Analysis of Cations and Anions Objectives: 1. To understand the rationale and the procedure behind the separation for various cations and anions. 2. To perform qualitative analysis
More informationLecture 13-14 Conformation of proteins Conformation of a protein three-dimensional structure native state. native condition
Lecture 13-14 Conformation of proteins Conformation of a protein refers to the three-dimensional structure in its native state. There are many different possible conformations for a molecule as large as
More informationRecognizing Organic Molecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins
Recognizing Organic Molecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins Oct 15 8:05 PM What is an Organic Molecule? An Organic Molecule is a molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen and oxygen Carbon is found
More informationMagnesium (II), Sodium (I), Potassium (I), Ammonium (I)
s (The Soluble Group) Magnesium (II), Sodium (I), Potassium (I), Ammonium (I) The salts of the cations of group V, with few exceptions, are quite soluble, this accounts for the fact that there is no common
More informationProtein quantification and detection methods
Protein quantification and detection methods 1) Spectroscopic procedures 2) Measurement of the total protein content by colorimetry 3) Amino acid analysis 4) Other methods, eg. radiolabelling of proteins,
More informationI. ACID-BASE NEUTRALIZATION, TITRATION
LABORATORY 3 I. ACID-BASE NEUTRALIZATION, TITRATION Acid-base neutralization is a process in which acid reacts with base to produce water and salt. The driving force of this reaction is formation of a
More informationProperties of Alcohols and Phenols Experiment #3
Properties of Alcohols and Phenols Experiment #3 Objectives: To observe the solubility of alcohols relative to their chemical structure, to perform chemical tests to distinguish primary, secondary and
More informationChapter 5 Classification of Organic Compounds by Solubility
Chapter 5 Classification of Organic Compounds by Solubility Deductions based upon interpretation of simple solubility tests can be extremely useful in organic structure determination. Both solubility and
More informationDetermination of Specific Nutrients in Various Foods. Abstract. Humans need to consume food compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats,
Determination of Specific Nutrients in Various Foods Abstract Humans need to consume food compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins to meet their energy requirements. In this lab, reagents
More informationCHM220 Addition lab. Experiment: Reactions of alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkenes*
CM220 Addition lab Experiment: Reactions of alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkenes* Purpose: To investigate the physical properties, solubility, and density of some hydrocarbon. To compare the chemical reactivity
More informationSODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE Prepared at the 28th JECFA (1984), published in FNP 31/2 (1984) and in FNP 52 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at the 55 th JECFA (2000). An ADI not specified
More informationExperiment #8 properties of Alcohols and Phenols
Introduction Experiment #8 properties of Alcohols and Phenols As has been mentioned before, over 20 million organic compounds have been identified. If each substance had to be studied as an entity completely
More informationCHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF EVERYDAY HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS
CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF EVERYDAY HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS Purpose: It is important for chemists to be able to determine the composition of unknown chemicals. This can often be done by way of chemical tests.
More informationSyllabus OC18 Use litmus or a universal indicator to test a variety of solutions, and classify these as acidic, basic or neutral
Chemistry: 9. Acids and Bases Please remember to photocopy 4 pages onto one sheet by going A3 A4 and using back to back on the photocopier Syllabus OC18 Use litmus or a universal indicator to test a variety
More informationExperiment 6 Qualitative Tests for Alcohols, Alcohol Unknown, IR of Unknown
Experiment 6 Qualitative Tests for Alcohols, Alcohol Unknown, I of Unknown In this experiment you are going to do a series of tests in order to determine whether or not an alcohol is a primary (1 ), secondary
More informationComplexometric Titrations
Complexometric Titrations Complexometric titrations are based on the formation of a soluble complex upon the reaction of the species titrated with the titrant. M + L ML In the module Chemistry 2 you were
More informationB I O C H E M I S T R Y W O R K B O O K
B I O C H E M I S T R Y W O R K B O O K for students of the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Health Sciences Medical University of Białystok edited by Prof. Edward Bańkowski MD, DSc Z. Galewska,
More informationGeneral Chemistry Lab Experiment 6 Types of Chemical Reaction
General Chemistry Lab Experiment 6 Types of Chemical Reaction Introduction Most ordinary chemical reactions can be classified as one of five basic types. The first type of reaction occurs when two or more
More informationChem 100 Lab Experiment #9 - ACID/BASE INDICATORS
Lab #9 Chem 100 Lab Experiment #9 - ACID/BASE INDICATORS Name: Purpose: In this laboratory we will investigate how indicators can be used to test for the presence of acids or bases in a number of common
More informationChem 405 Biochemistry Lab I Experiment 2 Quantitation of an unknown protein solution.
Chem 405 Biochemistry Lab I Experiment 2 Quantitation of an unknown protein solution. Introduction: The determination of protein concentration is frequently required in biochemical work. Several methods
More informationPRACTICAL 3: DIGESTIVE ENZYMES, SPECIFICITY AND ph
PRACTICAL 3: DIGESTIVE ENZYMES, SPECIFICITY AND ph 3.1 Introduction The aims of this practical are: to illustrate the different ph dependence of gastric and pancreatic digestive proteases to illustrate
More informationBiochemistry - I. Prof. S. Dasgupta Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture-11 Enzyme Mechanisms II
Biochemistry - I Prof. S. Dasgupta Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture-11 Enzyme Mechanisms II In the last class we studied the enzyme mechanisms of ribonuclease A
More informationMarmara Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Kimya Bölümü / Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı
EXPERIMENT IX Marmara Üniversitesi DETERMINATION OF N-TERMINAL AMINO ACID RESIDUE OF PROTEINS BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY Functions of the proteins depend upon its amino acid sequence. Because amino acid
More informationExperiment 8 - Double Displacement Reactions
Experiment 8 - Double Displacement Reactions A double displacement reaction involves two ionic compounds that are dissolved in water. In a double displacement reaction, it appears as though the ions are
More informationOne problem often faced in qualitative analysis is to test for one ion in a
Chemistry 112 Laboratory: Silver Group Analysis Page 11 ANALYSIS OF THE SILVER GROUP CATIONS Ag + Pb Analysis of a Mixture of Cations One problem often faced in qualitative analysis is to test for one
More informationANALYSIS OF FOOD AND NATURAL PRODUCTS LABORATORY EXERCISE
ANALYSIS OF FOOD AND NATURAL PRODUCTS LABORATORY EXERCISE Determination of total nitrogen in food and crude protein calculation (Kjeldahl method) Responsible person: Assoc.Prof. Ing.Kateřina Riddellová,
More informationExperiment 16-Acids, Bases and ph
Definitions acid-an ionic compound that releases or reacts with water to form hydrogen ion (H + ) in aqueous solution. They taste sour and turn litmus red. Acids react with certain metals such as zinc,
More informationEstimation of Hardness of Water by EDTA Method
Estimation of Hardness of Water by EDTA Method 1 EXPERIMENT 1 Estimation of Hardness of Water by EDTA Method INTRODUCTION Water hardness is the traditional measure of the capacity of water to precipitate
More informationMacromolecules in my food!!
Macromolecules in my food!! Name Notes/Background Information Food is fuel: All living things need to obtain fuel from something. Whether it is self- made through the process of photosynthesis, or by ingesting
More informationAcid-Base Titrations. Setup for a Typical Titration. Titration 1
Titration 1 Acid-Base Titrations Molarities of acidic and basic solutions can be used to convert back and forth between moles of solutes and volumes of their solutions, but how are the molarities of these
More informationDo not put any wastes down the sink! All materials will be collected as-is at the end of class.
Chemical and Physical Processes of Digestion Exercise 39A / 39 (begins page 597 in 9 th &10 th eds, page 595 in 11 th edition, page 599 in 12 th edition) Lab 7 Objectives Read lab Exercise 39A / 39 Do
More information1. Read P. 368-375, P. 382-387 & P. 429-436; P. 375 # 1-11 & P. 389 # 1,7,9,12,15; P. 436 #1, 7, 8, 11
SCH3U- R.H.KING ACADEMY SOLUTION & ACID/BASE WORKSHEET Name: The importance of water - MAKING CONNECTION READING 1. Read P. 368-375, P. 382-387 & P. 429-436; P. 375 # 1-11 & P. 389 # 1,7,9,12,15; P. 436
More informationASPARTAME The Study of a Peptide Bond
ASPARTAME The Study of a Peptide Bond INTRODUCTION Aspartame, commonly known as NutraSweet or Equal, is the most popular artificial, low-calorie sweetener available to consumers today. Chemically, aspartame
More informationAustin Peay State University Department of Chemistry CHEM 1021 TESTING FOR ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
TESTING FOR ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Caution: Chromic acid is hazardous as are many of the organic substances in today s experiment. Treat all unknowns with extreme care. Many organic substances are flammable.
More information10-ml Graduated cylinder 40 ml 3% Hydrogen peroxide solution (found in stores) Straight-edged razor blade Scissors and Forceps (tweezers)
Name: Class: Date: Objectives * Measure the effects of changes in temperature, ph, and enzyme concentration on reaction rates of an enzyme catalyzed reaction in a controlled experiment. * Explain how environmental
More informationProperties of Acids and Bases
Properties of Acids and Bases (Adapted from Flinn Scientific Acid Base Test Kit I #AP4567) Introduction Battery acid, stomach acid, acid rain just a few acids in our everyday life! What does it mean when
More informationCHAPTER 29 AMINO ACIDS, POLYPEPTIDES, AND PROTEINS SOLUTIONS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
APTER 29 AMI AIDS, PLYPEPTIDES, AD PRTEIS SLUTIS T REVIEW QUESTIS 1. The designation, α, means that the amine group in common amino acids is connected to the carbon immediately adjacent to the carboxylic
More informationStandard Operating Procedure for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Lachat Method)
Standard Operating Procedure for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Lachat Method) Grace Analytical Lab 536 South Clark Street 10th Floor Chicago, IL 60605 April 15, 1994 Revision 2 Standard Operating Procedure
More informationCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF COPPER AND PERCENT YIELD KEY
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF COPPER AND PERCENT YIELD Objective To gain familiarity with basic laboratory procedures, some chemistry of a typical transition element, and the concept of percent yield. Apparatus
More informationREACTIONS OF SOME TRANSITION METAL IONS
Transition Metals 2815 1 REACTIONS OF SOME TRANSITION METAL IONS COBALT Cobalt(II) aqueous solutions contain the pink, octahedral hexaaquacobalt(ii) ion. hexaaqua ions can also be present in solid samples
More informationOBJECTIVE: To measure Chemical Oxygen Demand. BACKGROUND AND PRINCIPLE: SELECTION OF METHODS. Page 1
Page 1 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Department of Civil Engineering CEL212 Environmental Engineering (Second Semester 2013-14) Experiment 5: Chemical Oxygen Demand OBJECTIVE: To measure Chemical
More informationSanta Monica College Chemistry 11
Types of Reactions Objectives The objectives of this laboratory are as follows: To perform and observe the results of a variety of chemical reactions. To become familiar with the observable signs of chemical
More information18.2 Protein Structure and Function: An Overview
18.2 Protein Structure and Function: An Overview Protein: A large biological molecule made of many amino acids linked together through peptide bonds. Alpha-amino acid: Compound with an amino group bonded
More informationPROTEINS (LOWRY) PROTOCOL
1 PROTEINS (LOWRY) PROTOCOL 1. INTRODUCTION The Lowry Assay: Protein by Folin Reaction (Lowry et al., 1951) has been the most widely used method to estimate the amount of proteins (already in solution
More informationIonization of amino acids
Amino Acids 20 common amino acids there are others found naturally but much less frequently Common structure for amino acid COOH, -NH 2, H and R functional groups all attached to the a carbon Ionization
More informationAqueous Solutions. Water is the dissolving medium, or solvent. Some Properties of Water. A Solute. Types of Chemical Reactions.
Aqueous Solutions and Solution Stoichiometry Water is the dissolving medium, or solvent. Some Properties of Water Water is bent or V-shaped. The O-H bonds are covalent. Water is a polar molecule. Hydration
More informationDYES AND DYEING 2003 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. Permission for classroom use provided original copyright is included.
DYES AND DYEING 2003 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. Permission for classroom use provided original copyright is included. Dyeing of textiles has been practiced for thousands of years with the first
More informationTopic 8 Acids and bases 6 hours
Topic 8 Acids and bases 6 hours Hydronium ion (H3O + ) = more stable form of hydrogen ion (H + ) H + + H2O H3O + 8.1 Theories of acids and bases 2 hours 1. Arrhenius H-X / M-OH ACID a substance that dissociates
More informationProperties and Uses. Physical properties :
Properties and Uses Physical properties : Commercial carbon disulfide often possesses a strong disagreeable and fetid odor due to the presence of very small amounts of strong smelling organic sulfur compounds.
More informationCHM1 Review for Exam 12
Topics Solutions 1. Arrhenius Acids and bases a. An acid increases the H + concentration in b. A base increases the OH - concentration in 2. Strong acids and bases completely dissociate 3. Weak acids and
More informationBalancing Chemical Equations Worksheet
Balancing Chemical Equations Worksheet Student Instructions 1. Identify the reactants and products and write a word equation. 2. Write the correct chemical formula for each of the reactants and the products.
More informationSaturated NaCl solution rubber tubing (2) Glass adaptor (2) thermometer adaptor heating mantle
EXPERIMENT 5 (Organic Chemistry II) Pahlavan/Cherif Dehydration of Alcohols - Dehydration of Cyclohexanol Purpose - The purpose of this lab is to produce cyclohexene through the acid catalyzed elimination
More informationAcids, Bases and Salts
Acids, Bases and Salts 2 HAPTER Tips and Tricks Acids are sour in taste and bases are bitter in taste. Indicators are chemical substances which give different colours in acidic and basic solutions. If
More informationEstimation of Alcohol Content in Wine by Dichromate Oxidation followed by Redox Titration
Sirromet Wines Pty Ltd 850-938 Mount Cotton Rd Mount Cotton Queensland Australia 4165 www.sirromet.com Courtesy of Jessica Ferguson Assistant Winemaker & Chemist Downloaded from seniorchem.com/eei.html
More informationQuestion Bank Electrolysis
Question Bank Electrolysis 1. (a) What do you understand by the terms (i) electrolytes (ii) non-electrolytes? (b) Arrange electrolytes and non-electrolytes from the following substances (i) sugar solution
More informationSeparation of Amino Acids by Paper Chromatography
Separation of Amino Acids by Paper Chromatography Chromatography is a common technique for separating chemical substances. The prefix chroma, which suggests color, comes from the fact that some of the
More informationPractical Lesson No 4 TITRATIONS
Practical Lesson No 4 TITRATIONS Reagents: 1. NaOH standard solution 0.1 mol/l 2. H 2 SO 4 solution of unknown concentration 3. Phenolphthalein 4. Na 2 S 2 O 3 standard solution 0.1 mol/l 5. Starch solution
More informationThis experiment involves the separation and identification of ions using
Chemistry 112: Reactions Involving Complex Ions Page 27 COMPLEX IONS AND AMPHOTERISM This experiment involves the separation and identification of ions using two important reaction types: (i) the formation
More informationBASIC CONCEPTS OF HAIR PHYSIOLOGY AND COSMETIC HAIR DYES
Staple here TECHNICAL MANUAL BASIC CONCEPTS OF HAIR PHYSIOLOGY AND COSMETIC HAIR DYES COVER PAGE MACRO-STRUCTURE OF THE HAIR The hair is formed by the shaft and the piliferous bulb. The visible part of
More informationContinuous-Flow Analyzers
_ Continuous-Flow Analyzers _ Rapid Control of Fertilizer Quality with the AutoAnalyzer Legislation and quality requirements have led to the need for close control of fermentation and finished products
More informationCONTROL: For staining fungus; use a known positive such as those used for the GMS. Use skin, aorta or normal liver for positive PAS staining.
SURGICAL PATHOLOGY - HISTOLOGY Date: STAINING MANUAL - CARBOHYDRATES Page: 1 of 3 PAS - McMANNUS' PERIODIC ACID SCHIFF'S - GLYCOGEN PURPOSE: Glycogen is present in skin, liver, parathyroid glands and skeletal
More informationStains for Developing TLC Plates
Stains for Developing TLC Plates Once a TLC has been developed, it is frequently necessary to aid in the visualization of the components of a reaction mixture. This is true primarily because most organic
More informationSYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF A COORDINATION COMPOUND OF COPPER
Chemistry 111 Lab: Synthesis of a Copper Complex Page H-1 SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF A COORDINATION COMPOUND OF COPPER In this experiment you will synthesize a compound by adding NH 3 to a concentrated
More informationIB Chemistry. DP Chemistry Review
DP Chemistry Review Topic 1: Quantitative chemistry 1.1 The mole concept and Avogadro s constant Assessment statement Apply the mole concept to substances. Determine the number of particles and the amount
More informationDetermination of Aspirin using Back Titration
Determination of Aspirin using Back Titration This experiment is designed to illustrate techniques used in a typical indirect or back titration. You will use the NaH you standardized last week to back
More informationAuto-ionization of Water
2H 2 O H 3 O + + OH Hydronium ion hydroxide ion Q: But how often does this happen? This is the fundamental concept of all acid-base chemistry In pure water, how much of it is water and how much is ions?
More informationserum protein and A/ G ratio
serum protein and A/ G ratio Blood plasma contains at least 125 individual proteins. Serum ( as contrasted with plasma) is deficient in those coagulation protein which are consumed during the process of
More informationQ.1 Classify the following according to Lewis theory and Brønsted-Lowry theory.
Acid-base A4 1 Acid-base theories ACIDS & BASES - IONIC EQUILIBRIA 1. LEWIS acid electron pair acceptor H, AlCl 3 base electron pair donor NH 3, H 2 O, C 2 H 5 OH, OH e.g. H 3 N: -> BF 3 > H 3 N BF 3 see
More informationProperties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases. CHAPTER 10 Acids, Bases and Salts. Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases
CAPTER Acids, Bases and Salts Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases Strong and Weak Acids Acids are substances that generate in aqueous solutions. Strong acids ionize 0% in water. That is,
More informationLab #11: Determination of a Chemical Equilibrium Constant
Lab #11: Determination of a Chemical Equilibrium Constant Objectives: 1. Determine the equilibrium constant of the formation of the thiocyanatoiron (III) ions. 2. Understand the application of using a
More informationTITRATION OF VITAMIN C
TITRATION OF VITAMIN C Introduction: In this lab, we will be performing two different types of titrations on ascorbic acid, more commonly known as Vitamin C. The first will be an acid-base titration in
More informationQ1: What is the ph Scale? Q6: As acids become more acidic, their ph values
Q1: What is the ph Scale? Q6: As acids become more acidic, their ph values increase or decrease? Q2: The range of values of the ph scale is: Q7: As bases become more alkaline, their ph values increase
More informationCERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS Methyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS Methyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate C8H8O3 Molecular Weight 152.15 1. Description White crystalline powder or colorless crystals. 2. Solubility Slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in
More informationWe use in our daily life a large
5 Acids, Bases and Salts We use in our daily life a large number of substances such as lemon, tamarind, common salt, sugar and vinegar. Do they have the same taste? Let us recall tastes of some edible
More informationTitrations. Acid-Base Indicators and Titration Curves. Shapes of Titration Curves. A titration curve is a graphical history of a titration
Acid-Base Indicators and Titration Curves Titrations In a titration a solution of accurately known concentration is added gradually added to another solution of unknown concentration until the chemical
More informationPantone Matching System Color Chart PMS Colors Used For Printing
Pantone Matching System Color Chart PMS Colors Used For Printing Use this guide to assist your color selection and specification process. This chart is a reference guide only. Pantone colors on computer
More informationSCH 4C1 Unit 2 Problem Set Questions taken from Frank Mustoe et all, "Chemistry 11", McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2001
SCH 4C1 Unit 2 Problem Set Questions taken from Frank Mustoe et all, "Chemistry 11", McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2001 1. A small pin contains 0.0178 mol of iron. How many atoms of iron are in the pin? 2. A sample
More informationCambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education *0123456789* CHEMISTRY 0620/03 Paper 3 Theory (Core) For Examination from 2016 SPECIMEN PAPER 1 hour
More informationDigiBlock Sample Preparation System APPLICATION NOTES LABTECH INC. Your Lab, Our Tech
E D 3 6 & E H D 3 6 DigiBlock Sample Preparation System APPLICATION NOTES LABTECH INC. Your Lab, Our Tech CONTENT 1 ENVIRONMENTAL... 5 1.1 SOIL... 5 1.2 WASTE WATER... 6 2 FOOD... 7 2.1 RICE... 7 2.2
More informationReturn to Lab Menu. Acids and Bases in Your House
Return to Lab Menu Acids and Bases in Your House OBJECTIVES Isolate a natural acid-base indicator. Determine the acid-base properties of common household solutions. INTRODUCTION Acids and bases are among
More information