History and Introduction to Design-Build

Transcription

1 History and Introduction to Design-Build A Continuing Education Webinar of the American Institute of Architects April 16, 2009 Program Sponsor: AIA Design-Build Knowledge Community Presenters: Carlos J. Cardoso, AIA Martin Sell, AIA, NCARB About this Document This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services may be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

2 Design-Build Disclaimer In some states, design-build continuing education credits are not accepted for licensure. Please check with your state. Program Topics Introductions and Housekeeping Items Overview of the AIA D-B Webinar Series History of Design-Build The Art of Building... An Architect s Perspective Questions and Answers Program Conclusion

3 Martin Sell, AIA, NCARB 20+ Years Experience in Design-Build Companies located in Wisconsin - K-12 Public Schools in WI and IL - Retirement Housing in the upper Midwest - Resort Hotels and Indoor Water Parks nationwide - Integrated Project Delivery for Tax Exempt Clientele Founder, President and CEO of RKETEK.com, LLC President and CEO of MSA Integrated Project Delivery, LLC Co-Author of The Architect s Guide to Design-Build Services published by John Wiley and AIA Contributing Author to AIA150 History of Architecture Publication 25+ Years Member of AIA; immediate Past-President of AIA Wisconsin; Wisconsin AIA 150 Champion Co-Chair of AIA s Design/Build KC Advisory Committee UW Milwaukee and UW Madison Master Degrees in Architecture and Business Administration Instructor at Milwaukee School of Engineering Arch/Engineering and Building Construction and presenter in Design-Build Program Carlos J. Cardoso, AIA Associate Partner of Beyer Blinder Belle AIA Design-Build Knowledge Community Advisory Group Board member of the NY Tri-State DBIA Chapter 2005 City College of New York School of Architecture Dean s Advisory Group Guest speaker at National Student Leadership Conference 2007 Guest speaker at Build Boston 2007: Collaboration: Fact or Fiction?: Who will be the next architects of our future?

4 Copyright Materials This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speakers is prohibited. Carlos J. Cardoso, AIA Martin Sell, AIA, NCARB CES Credit To receive AIA CES credit for this event, fax the CES Form B included in your handout to Kimberly Yoho (fax ), before 5pm ET tomorrow. AIA CES certificates are available for non AIA-members. If you are not an AIA member and would like to request a certificate please Kimberly Yoho (kyoho@aia.org) with your name and address.

5 CD Recordings Available for Purchase Recordings of this presentation and previous presentations are available for purchase via KRM s website D-B Knowledge Webinar Series 2008 History and Introduction of Design-Build April 16, 2009 Speakers: Carlos J. Cardoso, AIA and Martin E. Sell, AIA How to... Start an Architect Led Design Build Entity June 4, 2009 Speakers: Burton L. Roslyn, AIA, DBIA; Betsy Downs, AIA; Raymond T. Mellon, Esq. and Greg Kumm How to... Be an Effective Partner in a Contractor Led Entity: Learning Opportunities for Architects October 15, 2009 Speakers: Carlos J. Cardoso, AIA and Betsy Downs, AIA How to... Make in Roads into Government Design-Build Projects November 17, 2009 Speakers: David Hart, FAIA; Hari Doshi and Domenic Meffe, Int l Associate AIA

6 History of Design-Build Martin Sell, AIA, NCARB MSA Integrated Project Delivery Beaver Dam, Wisconsin State of Design-Build Project Delivery Design-Build continues to rise in both Public and Private Business Sectors." By the end of year 2006 over 50% of all construction projects will be delivered by the Design-Build Method. Engineering News Record Architects must recognize that Design-Build is here to stay, therefore to take a Leadership Role they must look to Designer-Led Design-Build and Integrated Project Delivery.

7 Leadership in Design-Build More than half of all D-B projects are structured with the Contractor as the Team Leader. Rosemarie Buchanan, AIA Chicago Magazine April 2002 Leadership in Design-Build Forty percent of all new construction in the United States is produced using Design-Build delivery yet, less than ten percent of the forty percent is led by Architects. Rosemarie Buchanan, AIA Chicago Magazine April 2002

8 Cheaper and Faster One study of 350 projects showed the following: Contracting Method Cost Increase Design-bid-build (traditional) 4.84% Construction management 3.34% Design/build 2.37% Design-build: no delays (vs. 4.44% normal) Design-build: median activity of 9,000 s.f. per month (vs. 4,500 s.f. normal) Market Penetration of Major Project Delivery Systems

9 Ancient History Master Builder or Design-Builder is not a new concept. Originates in Ancient Greek Society Greek word for Master Builder was Arkhitekton From which we have derived the modern word Architect Design Build History For 4,500 years Design-Build Trend continues 2630 B.C. Master-builder Imhotep designs and builds pyramids in Egypt; Deified as a God

10 Code of Hammurabi If a builder has built a house for a man, and his work is not strong, and if the house he has built falls in and kills the house-holder... that builder shall be slain! Fortunately, the law has changed... Roman Architect and Master Builder Vitruvius Master Builder Principles Firmness Commodity Delight = Quality, Value, and Design As Architects, we ve focused on Delight, and relinquished our role as Master Builder

11 Design Build History Master Builder Marcus Vitruvius Pollio Vitruvius's scope is astonishing. Historians call him the great Roman architect. Most of his books do deal with buildings. But look more closely: He talks about city planning, building materials, and acoustics. He has a lot to say about timekeeping. He explains water clocks and sundials. He describes all kinds of pumps. Before he's done, he's written about astronomy, medicine, music, the arts even contract law. Dr. John H. Lienhard University of Houston from The Engines of Ingenuity Medieval History Tradespeople and Trade Guilds dominate the building environment. The Mason is the most respected of all Tradespeople. The coordinator of the work the leader is the Architect the Master Builder. Buildings are beautiful, complex and technologically advanced under the Master Builder approach.

12 Medieval History Technological Advances - The Flying Buttress Viollet-le-Duc s Perfect Cathedral The Italian Renaissance A desire by Architects to separate themselves from the Building Trades A desire by Architects to align with the professionalism of Art and Law Differences in approach by leading Architects Brunelleschi and Alberti Brunelleschi = Capomaestro = Master Builder Alberti = Architect and Artist (non-builder)

13 Capomaestro Filippo Brunelleschi Santa Maria Novella, Florence Dome of the Florence Cathedral Master Builder Filippo Brunelleschi Perspective Drawing Techniques Church of Santo Spirito Santa Maria Novella, Florence

14 Architect and Artist Leone Battista Alberti Santa Maria Novella Palazzo Rucellai Sant'Andrea The American Experience 1700 s Monticello and the University of Virginia Thomas Jefferson was an architect, a problem solver and a master builder and his associates were leaders and master builders. During this period of our history, architects were known as leaders not only in architecture but in life. Richard Swett, FAIA speaking on Leadership by Design -2004

15 The American Experience 1800 s It is well know that in the early part of the present century (1800 s), and for many years before, the architect was commonly the principal contractor for the building the trade guilds still flourished so the only way to include whole building in one contract was to make an agreement with someone outside the trades and let him make sub-contracts with the trades. The person with whom the principal contract was usually made would naturally be the architect by T. M. Clark, FAIA Architect, Owner and Builder before the Law Early 20th Century Owners, Architects, and Contractors still often team on project. The AIA, AGC and other Professional Societies are formed and helped define the differentiation in our industry The Miller Act of 1935 furthers the separation And by the late in the 20th Century (1960+) there is a clear division between design and construction but only in our industry!

16 Design-Build Standards Design and Construction Why did we separate design and construction?

17 Split in Design & Construction in the Building Industry Historic Trend towards Professionalism The Great Depression and WWII The Miller Act of 1935 Growth in Professional Societies Architect s Aversion to Risk Trend to Professionalism Started during the Italian Renaissance in the 15th Century. Heated up in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. 1

18 The Great Depression 2 Economic depression during the 30 s until World War II limited the amount of new building construction for fifteen years. The Miller Act of 1935 Significant cause of absolute separation of Design Professionals from Construction Trades. Law requires a Contractor on Federal contracts that exceed $100,000. to post two bonds. A Performance Bond A Payment Bond 3

19 Effects of the Miller Act of 1935 After The Miller Act of 1935 Clear separation of Design and Construction. Owner hires Architect / Engineer to design the Building. Owner hires the General Contractor to build the Building. Professional Associations American Institute of Architects AIA Established in1857 Recent Acceptance of Design-Build Associated General Contractors AGC Established in 1918 Design-Build should be Contractor Led Design-Build Institute of America DBIA Established 1993 Re-Combine Design and Construction 4

20 AIA s History on Design-Build Founding of the AIA 1857 Distinct Profession of Architects Separate from Contractors, Engineers, etc. Separated from Package Dealers Package Dealer was Synonymous with Design-Builder Canon of Ethics Canon of Ethics discouraged Design-Build Softening of Design-Build Restrictions in 1978 Myth: The AIA Opposes D-B Facts: AIA s largest PIA is Design-Build over 7,500 1st choice; 5,000 2nd Published D-B contracts since 1985 Co Sponsored DBIA Convention (Nov. 2004) AIA D-B Handbook (2003) + other publications AIA endorses Designer-Led Design Build

21 AIA s Changing Attitude on D-B AIA Recognized the need for Design-Build in AIA Publishes Design-Build-Bid Task Force 1978 AIA allows members to do Design-Build 1985 AIA Publishes first Design-Build Contracts 1991 AIA policy in favor of using Design-Build in Public Sector 1995 AIA includes Design-Build as a Professional Interest Area 2003 AIA publishes The Architect s Guide to Design-Build Services 2004 AIA Design-Build Knowledge Community represents 12,000 AIA members 2007 AIA policy Architects are most Qualified to lead Alternative Project Delivery AIA on Design-Build The Design-Build approach returns American Architects to their pre-world War II role, in which they oversaw construction as well as design. Of the design-led project delivery methods, it offers the greatest opportunities but also carries the greatest risk. Ron Gupta, AIA and Paul Doherty, AIA Architect s Handbook of Professional Practice 13 th Edition

22 AGC on Design-Build The leadership dynamic in the (AEC) industry is changing; moving away from the Architect and toward the Constructor. AGC's position on Design-Build has been that the designer is part of the builder's team with the constructor leading the way. Ralph Johnson, AGC President at AGC National Convention 2001 Why Design-Build? As a project delivery method, Design-Build may be as old as the Pyramids, but its return seems particularly suited to the needs and pressures of our time. Why? Because design-build is about getting things done. It's about designers designing and builders building - and owners maybe even smiling. It's about making money and progress at the same time. Rob McManamy, Editor-in-Chief - Design-Build Magazine

23 Architect s Risk Aversion Most Architects in the 20th Century have been trained to avoid risk. In general, architect s personality types tend to be less risk averse than contractors. 5 Architects 20th Century Training Examples of AIA language pre-1978 The Architect, as agent for the Owners, is there to protect the Owners rights. The Architect is not the Owner and cannot make the contractor make changes. The Architect cannot guarantee or insure the results (on a building project). Distant from the Master Builder Principles. Architects have been taught to avoid Risk AIA Handbook of Professional Practice

24 AIA Current Position Statement Position Statement #26 - Project Delivery The AIA believes that every project delivery process must address the quality, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of our built environment. This can best be effected through industry-wide adoption of an integrated approach to project delivery methodologies characterized by early involvement of owners, designers, constructors, fabricators and end user/operators in an environment of effective collaboration and open information sharing. The AIA also believes that an architect is well qualified to serve as a leader on integrated project delivery teams. The AIA further believes that evolving project delivery processes require integration of education and practice in design and construction, both within and across disciplines. (approved December 2007)

25 The Art of Building... An Architect s Perspective Carlos J. Cardoso, AIA Beyer Blinder Belle, New York, NY Filippo Brunelleschi Quintessential Design Builder Leone Battista Alberti 1st Architect to give the Rise of Professionalism He was a Theoretical Architect rather than a Practical Architect - Builder!

26 The Mindset of General Contractors and Role of Construction Manager What Mindset Must Architects have to perform Design-Build?... They Need to View the Practice of Architecture as a Team Sport more than an Individual Art

27 ... Not a New Concept In fact, it is a Mental Approach that Produces Successful Projects in any Delivery Method, but Mandatory in Design-Build Architects of the past practiced Fiscal Architecture and were developers themselves

28 Walter Ahlschager kept a balance between design, construction techniques and the fiscal performance of the project And in the present certain architects are practicing their profession via Architect as Developer

29 So how do Architects attain this Design-Build Mindset? Team-up with Builders and form partnerships by becoming leaders who consistently communicate and encourage everyone at all levels

30 Do you really collaborate with others or do you separate yourself from the bigger team? Do you understand what the Big Picture is all about?

31 Do you understand each player involved in your project and I mean Everyone! Are your goals aligned with those of your clients?

32 Do you empower people or just critique them? Integrate, not segregate... The single most devastating consequence of modernization has been the embrace of a process that segregates the designer from makers: we need to restore the integration process. Refabricating Architecture

33 Do you seek this building knowledge or are you alone? The art of building requires that architects acquire knowledge of how buildings are built efficiently.

34 Change favors the prepared mind. Louis Pasteur When the rate of change on the outside exceeds the rate of change on the inside, the end is in sight. John Welch, CEO-General Electric

35 Every talented individual, no matter how brilliant he or she is, needs a supporting cast in order to shine brightly... Never forget your team... Questions, Thoughts, Ideas and Discussions us at Martin Sell msell@msa-ipd.com Carlos Cardoso ccardoso@bbbarch.com

36 AIA Design-Build Knowledge Committee AIA National Staff and Support Kimberly Yoho: Markku Allison, AIA: Web Seminar Evaluation Your feedback is important to us. Please visit: to complete an evaluation.

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