Proper disposal of waste

Transcription

1 Proper disposal of waste PART I Waste Legislation PART II Hazardous and special waste PART III Ordinary/Municipal waste Jarna Heikkilä/The ABC of Animal Experiments 2011 Centre for Facilities and Properties Jarna Heikkilä / Proper disposal of waste PART I Waste legislation

2 Laws regulating waste management Waste Act (1072/1993) during 2011 Waste Act has been completely reformed and new Waste Act will be valid from Waste Decree (1390/1993). Waste Degree is currently under reform new waste degree should be proposed this year. Chemicals => GHS/CLP-degree Legislation on transport of dangerous goods Ministry of the Environment Decree on the list of the most common wastes and of hazardous wastes (1129/2001) Council of State Decision on information to be provided on hazardous waste and on the packing and labelling of hazardous waste (659/1996) > Legislation, permits and forms > Legislation> Environmental protection legislation > Waste legislation Purpose of the Waste Act and Waste hierarchy Waste Act is to: promote the rational use of natural resources prevent the hazard and harm to health and the environment caused by waste Waste hierarchy is even more pronounced in the new Waste Act. 1. Prevent 2. Re-use 3. Recycle or compost 4. Recover energy Dispose safely

3 How to prevent waste Favour good quality, durability and less packaging Favour long-lasting and repairable products of good quality Replace purchased goods with services Waste segregation Do not mix different types of wastes together mixing may make recycling impossible, cause a chemical reaction, or create a mixture that needs to be managed as hazardous waste

4 Local waste regulations Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY) is a regional authority providing environmental services for residents and companies in the Helsinki area. principal duties are water and waste management Waste sorting instructions rochures/sortingofwastes/pages/default.aspx PART II Hazardous and special waste Dangerous waste is waste which may cause hazard or harm to health or the environment because of its chemical or physical or some other property

5 Duties to waste producer YOU as the producer of hazardous waste must keep a record of quantity, type, quality and origin of all waste arising from their operations method of disposal and date of removal YOU must also be aware appropriate handling of chemicals and waste read material safety data sheet of all chemicals before use Drain disposal Drain disposal of hazardous waste* is prohibited Infectious liquids must be decontaminated Hazardous chemical waste lists, properties and limit values Waste Degree (1390/1993, Annex 2-4) Only liquids solid and viscous waste plugs up drainpipes Corrosive solutions must be neutralized before sink/drain disposal - ph must be between 6 and 11. Flammable or explosive solution (acetone, gasoline, aldehydes, peroxides, ethers, xylene, toluene) must not be disposed into a sink or drain. The dilution of substances for drain disposal purposes is strictly prohibited

6 Strong and safe packages Packing, marking and sorting of hazardous waste Some chemicals and infectious waste require UN-approved containers Allways pick a package suited for the chemical. Use original container if possible. Containers/bags clearly labeled (composition of waste, hazardous features, producer, date) Use protective equipment when handling hazardous waste Sort chemicals according to hazards: Flammable liquids Acids Bases Oxidising substances Toxic substances (Keep locked up) Allways separately from other waste: Waste containing mercury ecuy Cyanides, arsenics Potassium, sodium, phosphor (metallic) Waste containing iodine or bromine All highly reactive materials Old labelling of dangerous chemicals Explosive E Flammable F Highly flammable F+ Oxidizing 0 Corrosive C Harmful Xn Irritant Xi Dangerous for environment N Toxic T Very toxic T This labelling can be used for substances until 1. of December 2010 or for mixtures until 1. June

7 New labelling of dangerous chemicals CLP-decree (Classification, Labelling and Packaging of substances and mixtures) Acutely toxic Serious impacts on health Pressured gas Explosive Dangerous to environment Mild impacts Flammable Oxidizing Corrosive on health New labelling is to be used for chemical substances from 1. of December And for mixtures from 1. of June Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) According to REACH-Degree Section 1 - Product and Company Identification Section 2 Hazard identification Section 3 - Compositon/Information on Ingredients Section 4 - First Aid Measures Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures Section 7 - Handling and Storage Section 8 - Exposure Controls & Personal Protection Section 9 - Physical & Chemical Properties Section 10 - Stability & Reactivity it Data Section 11 - Toxicological Information Section 12 - Ecological Information Section 13 - Disposal Considerations Section 14 - MSDS Transport Information Section 15 - Regulatory Information Section 16 - Other Information Updated MSDS for all chemicals before

8 Waste categories 1. Chemical waste 2. Infectious waste 3. GMO waste (Genetically Modified Organism waste) 4. Carcasses 5. Biological waste 6. Sharp waste 7. Multi-hazardous waste 8. Wood shavings (bedding) VIILTÄVÄ JA PISTÄVÄ JÄTE Chemical CHEMICAL waste WASTE SHARP WASTE Segregation and Packaging Segregation of different waste Waste, which has one or more of the following characteristics: explosive oxidising highly flammable / flammable irritating damaging very toxic/ toxic carcinogenic corrosive teratogenic mutagenic ecotoxic Storage of incompatible chemicals in different cabinets / room Final disposal Ekokem Oy Ab hazardous waste disposal plant 8

9 Infectious waste INFECTIOUS WASTE cultures, samples, and stocks of infectious agents contaminated animals, materials, and equipment Classification of Biological Hazards (bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungal agents) agents presenting a risk or potential risk to the well-being of man, or other animals infection either directly or indirectly through disruption of the environment classes 1 through 4 on the basis of the hazards they present Class 1: no special treatment (not mentioned in classification) Classes 2-4 -> pre-processing before waste disposal 1) Chemical disinfection 2) Steam sterilization (Autoclaving) 3) Incineration (burning to ash) GMO waste Genetically Modified Organism waste All Genetic Modification experiments filed and sanctioned by Board of Gene Technology Notification / application contains information on waste management Forms in english: Inactivation methods: 1) After decontamination ti (autoclaving) disposal with municipal i waste (mixed waste) 2) Incineration 3) Chemical inactivation 9

10 Infectious and GMO Waste Treatment (3 alternatives) Steam Sterilization 1) Autoclaving Chemical Disinfection 1) Decontaminating by liquid and gaseous chemicals alcohol (ethyl or isopropyl), chlorine compounds, ethylene oxide Incineration 1) Packaging -Safety marks (UN 3291 ) - ADR transportation - UN accepted package 2) Disposal with municipal waste (mixed waste) 2) Disposal with municipal waste (mixed waste) 2) Hazardous waste disposal plant Carcasses Dead laboratory animals (mice, rats, moles, fishes, pigs etc) Animal by-products Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 Animals used fro experiments have to be handled as high-risk animal waste Final disposal in the Animal waste treatment plant (Honkajoki Oy) or hazardous waste disposal plant (Ekokem Oy) 10

11 BIOLOGICAL WASTE Materials and equipments contaminated by blood and other secretions (also GMO 1 waste) Final disposal: landfilling as special waste, incineration or autoclavation Sharp waste SHARP WASTE Safe packaging important! syringes, needles, and sharp instruments (e.g. blades, knifes) any sharp instrument that can easily penetrate skin or puncture waste bags Rigid, leak-proof, puncture-resistant plastic container (e.g. detergent t and alcohol containers) Minimize opportunity for contact injury Final disposal landfilling as special waste incineration 11

12 Radioactive waste Packaging SHARP WASTE Packages shall be marked appropriately, mentioning the primary radionuclides and their activity. the storage area or the waste packages Regulated and guided by STUK Radiation must be and Nuclear Safety Authority in Finland marked with a sign indicating a danger of radiation. Radioactive Wastes and Discharges ST 6.2 Guidelines Final disposal After completion of the necessary storage period, the waste will be disposed of as ordinary waste (Remove signs indicating a danger of radiation) 12

13 Multi-Hazardous Waste Waste that contains any combination of chemical, radioactive, or biological hazards Require special management Evaluation on an individual basis /onthe greatest hazard + + Packaging All hazards must be taken into account Final disposal Usually incineration at hazardous waste disposal plant or several different kinds of treatments Hazardous waste transportation Transportation must be in accordance with dangerous goods transport regulation All containers or other packaging material must be UNapproved Identification form containing the information of the quality of waste an its origin 13

14 Transport of Dangerous Goods ADR 1. Explosives 2. Gases 3. Flammable and combustible liquids 4.1 Combustible and self-reactive 4.2 Spontaneously combustible 4.3 Water Reactive 5.1 Oxidizing substances 5.2 Organic peroxides 61P 6.1 Poisonous (toxic) sustances 6.2 Infectious substances 7. Radioactive materials 8. Corrosives 9. Miscellaneous dangerous substances Transportation containers (UN accepted) EKOBOX Waste chemical in small packaging BARREL - organic solvents - medicines, contaminated packaging of chemicals 14

15 EXAMPLES OF ADR CLASSES CLASS 3 (ADR) Flammable liquids HAZARDS: Fire, Toxic vapours CLASS 6.1 Poisonous(toxic) substances HAZARDS :Can cause serious illness, injury or death if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed by skin Polluted lab material and empty packaging of toxic chemicals can also be dangerous waste CLASS 8 Corrosives HAZARDS: Can cause severe burns and skin damage Acids and bases Usually neutralization on-site (weak solutions) Neutralizing large volumes of concentrated mineral acids is not recommented because process producers heat and fume that can pose safety risk Wood shavings (bedding) Bedding from clean animals can be recycled as compostable waste (biowaste) Bedding containing e.g. radioactive waste or infectious material has to be handled as hazardous waste

16 PART III Ordinary/municipal waste ENERGY WASTE marked plastic packaging g and products other combustible waste NO WASTE DIRTY WITH FOOD! NO PVC-PLASTIC! NO ALUMINIUM ( )

17 PASTEBOARD and CARDBOARD paper p and cardboard packaging plastic coated wrapping papers (copy paper wrappings, packing papers) cartons of milk and juice, also aluminium coated PLEASE RINSE AND FLATTEN PACKAGES! brown cardboard and corrugated cardboard brown pasteboard kraft paper and brown envelopes FLATTEN THE BOXES. STAPLES, PAPER CLIPS, STICKERS AND TAPE ARE ALLOWED RECYCLABLE GLASS and LABORATORY GLASS Recyclable glass clear and coloured packaging glass and glassware NO WINDOW GLASS,PORCELAIN, CERAMICS, PYREX NOR LABORATORY GLASS Laboratory glass Glass resistant to thermal shock e.g. Pyrex or Duran Mostly laboratory glass is safely packed and disposed as landfilled waste but in few buildings there are special laboratory glass containers

18 PAPER RECYCLING PAPER FOR RECYCLING newspapers and magazines coloured and recycled paper envelopes, advertisements and brochures WHITE OFFICE PAPER white copier and printer paper CONFIDENTIAL PAPER papers with personal and confidental data inside documents BIO WASTE fruit and vegetable peel, egg shells kitchen paper and napkins coffee grounds and filters, tea bags old flowers and flower pot soil food leftovers

19 METALLIC SCRAP metal dishes, tools, covers, and other small metalware aluminium cans and folio empty paint pots, metal tins NO ELECTRIC WIRES, APPLIANCES NOR CABLES LANDFILLED WASTE non recyclable, unsorted residual waste PVC-plastic NO HAZARDOUS WASTE!

20 Producer responsibility Obliges producers to organize the reuse, recovery or suitable treatment or disposal of their products and to cover the related costs. Producer responsibility covers the following product types: electronic and electrical appliances, cars, vans and comparable vehicles, tyres newspapers, magazines, copy paper, and other comparable paper products New Waste Act expands producer responsibility also to package materials, but how this is done in practise is not yet determined THANK YOU! HAVE A NICE COURSE!