AIEL Series in Labour Economics

Transcription

1 AIEL Series in Labour Economics

2 AIEL Series in Labour Economics For further volumes:

3 Sergio Destefanis Marco Musella Editors Paid and Unpaid Labour in the Social Economy An International Perspective Physica-Verlag A Springer Company

4 Editors Professor Sergio Destefanis Professor Marco Musella Università degli Studi di Salerno Università degli Studi Dipartimento di Scienze di Napoli Federico II Economiche e Statistiche Facoltà di Scienze Politiche Via Ponte Don Melillo Via Rodinò Fisciano (SA) Napoli Italy Italy destefanis@unisa.it marmusel@unina.it The publication of this book has been made possible thanks to the financial support of the Ministero dell Università e della Ricerca and of the Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Statistiche, Università degli Studi di Salerno. ISBN: e-isbn: DOI: / Library of Congress Control Number: AIEL Series in Labour Economics ISSN: X 2009 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Physica-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: SPi Publishing Services Printed on acid-free paper springer.com

5 Contents Introduction and Overview... 1 Sergio Destefanis and Marco Musella 1 A Comprehensive Interpretation of Voluntary and Under-Remunerated Work Carlo Borzaga 1.1 Introduction The Evolution of the Nonprofit Sector and of Voluntary Work Work in Nonprofit Organizations: Interpretations and Empirical Verification The Motives Underlying Work Choices The Distinctive Features of Social and Collective-Interest Services A Possible Encounter Between Multiple Motivations and the Sector s Characteristics Concluding Remarks References How Nonprofit Organizations Manage Risk Dennis R. Young 2.1 Introduction Special Issues of Risk for Nonprofits Views from the Literature Causes of Inefficient Nonprofit Decision Making Under Risk Nonprofit Strategic Decisions Under Risk Concluding Remarks v

6 vi Contents References Property Rights and Incentives in Social Cooperatives Marco Musella and Roberta Troisi 3.1 Introduction Property Rights and Control in Social Cooperatives: Why Incentivize? The Janus Face of Social Cooperatives: What to Incentivize The Communal Entitlement of the Definition of Incentives: A Possible Model Incentives Beyond Wages: Bridging the Gap Between Economics and Organization Theory by Using Property Rights Concluding Remarks References The Supply of Labour and Household Production João R. Sanson 4.1 Introduction The Endowment of Labour A General Household Production Model A Simple Case with Occupational Choice The Net Result from Labour Supply Concluding Remarks References Working for Nothing and Being Happy. The Determinants of the Satisfaction of Volunteers and Paid Workers Miriam Michelutti and Marina Schenkel 5.1 Introduction What is Voluntary Work? The Satisfaction of Volunteers and the Supply of Voluntary Work The Dataset The Features of Volunteers and Paid Workers Comparing Volunteers and Paid Workers Motivations, Attitudes and Satisfaction Ordered Logit Analysis: The Determinants of Volunteers and Paid Workers Satisfaction Concluding Remarks... 94

7 Contents vii References Perceived Fairness and Worker Well-Being in Public, For-Profit and Nonprofit Firms: Evidence from the Italian Social Service Sector Ermanno Tortia 6.1 Introduction The Descriptive Analysis of Procedural and Distributive Fairness The Influence of Procedural and Distributive Fairness on Worker Well-Being Concluding Remarks References Wage Effects of Recruitment Methods: The Case of the Italian Social Service Sector Michele Mosca and Francesco Pastore 7.1 Introduction Theoretical and Empirical Evidence on Informal Networks Aims and Econometric Methodology Data and Variables Wage and Human Capital Differentials by Organization Wages and Hiring and Job-Search Methods Concluding Remarks Appendix References The Productivity of Volunteer Labour: DEA-Based Evidence from Italy Sergio Destefanis and Ornella Wanda Maietta 8.1 Introduction The Productivity of Volunteer Labour: A Survey The Empirical Approach Some Descriptive Evidence Some Econometric Evidence Concluding Remarks Appendix References Volunteer Labour Supply: Micro-econometric Evidence from Italy Damiano Fiorillo

8 viii Contents 9.1 Introduction The Empirical Hypotheses The Empirical Literature The Data The Econometric Strategy Concluding Remarks Appendix References Voluntary Associations and Trustworthiness: An Empirical Examination at Italian Regional Level Giacomo Degli Antoni 10.1 Introduction Empirical Analysis: Data and Methodology The Empirical Results Concluding Remarks Appendix References A Comparison of Wage Inequality in For-Profit, Nonprofit and Local Government Organizations: Nursing Homes in the Midwestern US Avner Ben-Ner, Ting Ren and Darla Flint Paulson 11.1 Introduction Theory and Hypotheses The Empirical Methodology Results Discussion and Conclusion References Tacit Knowledge and Volunteers Empowerment in the Fair Trade Sector Renata Livraghi and Gabriella Pappadà 12.1 Introduction Fair Trade Market: An Overview Capabilities Approach and Social Constructivism in the Fair Trade Community Comparative Results from the Fair Project A Deeper Analysis of the Italian Case Studies

9 Contents ix 12.6 Concluding Remarks References The Re-Emergence of Social Enterprises in CEE and the CIS Giulia Galera 13.1 Introduction Institutional Pluralism and the Emergence of Social Enterprise as a Concept Social Enterprises in CEE and the CIS Social Enterprise, Economic and Social Development Concluding Remarks References

10 Contributors Ben-Ner, Avner Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA Borzaga, Carlo Department of Economics, University of Trento and European Research Institute on Cooperative and Social Enterprises, Via Inama 5, Trento, Italy Degli Antoni, Giacomo Centro interuniversitario EconomEtica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Edificio U9, Viale dell Innovazione 10, Milano, Italy Destefanis, Sergio Department of Economics and Statistics and CELPE, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, Fisciano (SA), Italy Fiorillo, Damiano Department of Economics, University of Napoli Parthenope, Via Medina, 40, Napoli, Italy Flint Paulson, Darla Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA Galera, Giulia European Research Institute on Cooperative and Social Enterprises, University of Trento, Via Inama 5, Trento, Italy Livraghi, Renata Department of Education and Territorial Sciences, University of Parma, Borgo Carissimi 10, Parma, Italy xi

11 xii Contributors Maietta, Ornella Wanda Department of Agricultural Economics and Policy, University of Napoli Federico II, and Centro per la Formazione in Economia e Politica dello Sviluppo Rurale, Via Università 96, Portici (NA), Italy Michelutti, Miriam Department of Economics, University of Udine, Via Tomadini, 30/a, Udine, Italy Mosca, Michele Department of Economic Theory and Applications, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Rodinò 22, Napoli, Italy Musella, Marco Department of Economic Theory and Applications, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Rodinò 22, Napoli, Italy Pappadà, Gabriella Faculty of Management and Organization Sciences, University of Viterbo La Tuscia, Via S. Maria In Gradi 4, Viterbo, Italy Pastore, Francesco IZA, Bonn and Faculty of Law, University of Napoli II, Palazzo Melzi, Piazza Matteotti, Santa Maria Capua Vetere (CE), Italy Ren, Ting Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA Sanson, João R. Department of Economics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (SC), Brazil Schenkel, Marina Department of Economics, University of Udine, Via Tomadini, 30/a, Udine, Italy Tortia, Ermanno C. Department of Economics, University of Trento and European Research Institute on Cooperative and Social Enterprises, Via Inama 5, Trento, Italy Troisi, Roberta Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, Fisciano (SA), Italy Young, Dennis R Nonprofit Studies Program, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA

12 List of Abbreviations Adj. R 2 AIEL CECOP CE CEE CNA CIS Coeff. DEA ECHP EFTA EMES (referring to EMES European Research Network) EV FIVOL FEO FP FT G ISFOL Adjusted R 2, coefficient of determination corrected for degrees of freedom Associazione Italiana Economisti del Lavoro, the Italian Association of Labour Economics Confédération Européenne des Coopératives de Production, the European Confederation of worker cooperatives, social cooperatives and social and participative enterprises Certainty equivalent Central and Eastern Europe Certified nursing assistants Commonwealth of Independent States Coefficient Data envelopment analysis European Community Household Panel European Fair Trade Association Emergence de l Entreprise Sociale Expected value (referring to FIVOL-FEO dataset) FIVOL: Fondazione Italiana per il Volontariato, the Italian Foundation for Voluntary Service; FEO: Fondazione Europa Occupazione: Impresa e Solidarietà, the Foundation Europe, Employment, Enterprise and Solidarity For-profit organizations, firms Fair Trade Public, or local government, organizations Istituto per lo sviluppo della formazione professionale dei lavoratori, the Institute for the Development of the Vocational Training of Workers xiii

13 xiv ISTAT IV LPN LLR Max MDH MDHS Min MNHES N NH NP NP1 NP2 OLS OSCAR OU Pseudo-R 2 RN R 2 SHIW St. Dev. UNDP List of Abbreviations Istituto nazionale di Statistica, the Italian National Institute of Statistics Instrumental variable Licensed practical nurses Log Likelihood Ratio Maximum Minnesota State Department of Health Minnesota State Department of Human Services Minimum Minnesota Nursing Homes Employer Survey Number of observations Nursing home Nonprofit organizations Social cooperatives and religious nonprofit organizations Non-religious nonprofit organizations Ordinary least squares Online Survey, Certification and Reporting data of nursing facilities Operating unit McFadden s measure of fit for the binary regression Registered nurses Coefficient of determination Survey of household income and wealth, Bank of Italy Standard deviation United Nations Development Programme