C. Milner-Rose Anthropology 12 Quiz 10 Stein & Stein Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft Chapter 10

Transcription

1 C. Milner-Rose Anthropology 12 Quiz 10 Stein & Stein Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft Chapter 10 Chapter Ten Witchcraft Multiple Choice Questions 1. In small-scale societies witches differ from sorcerers in that witches kill by: a. using contagious magic b. using poisons and other lethal devices c. willing death to occur d. creating dolls in the image of the victim 2. One of the universal characteristics of witchcraft is that: a. witches are always female b. witches achieve their evil ends through magical techniques c. witches achieve their evil power through a pact or relationship with a supernatural power d. none of the above 3. The term witchcraft has several meanings. Which of the following is not an example of witchcraft? a. a sorcerer using evil magic to kill a member of his or her own community b. a 17th century heretic being executed by the church for hearsay c. a person accused of willing death in another person are examples of witchcraft 4. The study of witchcraft among the Azande of southern Sudan was conducted in the 1920s by: a. Bronislaw Malinowski b. Edward Tylor c. James Frazer d. E. E. Evans-Pritchard 5. All of the following are true about mangu, the cause of witchcraft among the Azande, except: a. it is a physical substance found within the body of a witch b. it can be manipulated by shamans in healing rituals c. it can be seen when autopsies are performed d. it is inherited from the parent of the same sex 6. Which of the following is true about Zande witchcraft beliefs? a. witches normally depend upon magic rituals to attain their evil ends b. witchcraft is a substance found within the body of the witch c. some witches can use their power for beneficial ends 1

2 7. Among the Azande, people accused of being witches are usually people who: a. are unknown enemies living in nearby villages b. have been initiated as witches by joining a witching society c. are known to the victims with whom there have particular social relationships d. hold high office, such as chief 8. A case of witchcraft among the Azande is confirmed by the: a. prince b. shaman c. poison oracle d. priest 9. Which of the following is an oracle used by the Azande to discover the identity of witches? a. the rubbing board oracle b. spirit possession by a medium c. throwing of shells on a mat and reading the pattern formed d. studying the internal organs of a sacrificed chicken 10. Which of the following is true about benge, the poison oracle? a. poison may be given directly to the accused witch b. poison is given to young pigs who either die or survive c. sticks are dipped in poison and then placed in termite mounds d. the poison is seldom strong enough to actually kill an animal 11. Which of the following event occurred in the case of the Zande co-wives? a. The younger wife was identified as the witch by an ordeal. b. The younger wife was beaten until she confessed. c. The younger wife cooled her witchcraft by spitting water. d. The husband was forced to divorce his younger wife because of witchcraft. 12. Witchcraft beliefs among the Azande: a. provides an explanation for unfortunate events b. provides stereotyped behavioral patterns in crisis situations c. eliminates deviant behavior from the society 13. Witchcraft among the Azande functions to: a. cause seriously disruptive suspicions and accusations between individuals b. reinforce and sanction accepted morality c. provide a means of curbing the power of the ruling class d. none of the above 14. Which of the following is true about Navaho witchcraft? a. Navaho witches are born with witchcraft substance within their bodies b. witchcraft is a common factor in Navaho life that is freely talked about c. witchcraft is learned from a close relative and requires initiation d. witches participate in healing rituals 2

3 15. Which of the following is true about Navaho witchcraft? a. witches use materials taken from corpses such as corpse powder b. witches can turn themselves in animals at will c. witches will kill a close relative as part of the process of becoming a witch are true statements 16. In contrast to the Gwari of West Africa, Nupe witches are always female. It appears to be due to the fact that: a. Nupe wives engage in activities that their husbands cannot control b. political power is vested in female chiefs who rule through their husbands and brothers c. women sexuality and fertility is viewed as dangerous and powerful d. the Nupe were influenced by Christian missionaries at the time of Witchcraze in Europe 17. The spread of AIDS in small-scale societies is often attributed to witchcraft and sorcery because: a. AIDS is a poorly understood disease of which there is no clear cause in the minds of the people b. modern medicine is relatively ineffective in treating AIDS c. AIDS appears to strike random, especially among the poor 18. In contrast with tribal beliefs, Euro-American witchcraft beliefs are characterized by: a. witches were usually female b. the power of witches was derived from a pact with the Devil c. witchcraft was a crime against God and witches could be publicly executed 19. The Witchcraze: a. took place in Europe during the 15th through 17th centuries b. refers to witchcraft activity in New England during the 16th and 17th centuries c. is the term used by E. E. Evans-Pritchard to refer to certain witchcraft activities found in African tribal societies d. refers to Neo-Pagan rituals in the 20th century 20. The book Malleus Maleficarum was: a. written in the 15th century and set forth European witchcraft beliefs of the time b. a 17th century description of witchcraft beliefs in northern Africa c. a late 18th century anthropological study of European witchcraft d. was written by Gerald Gardner and became the basis of much Neo-Pagan belief 21. The book Malleus Maleficarum stated that witches: a. could shift shapes, and fly through the air b. were more likely to be women than men 3

4 c. must be arrested, convicted, and executed 22. A series of witchcraft trials and executions took place in the late 17th century in the United States, in the town of: a. Lancaster b. Salem c. Concord d. Springfield 23. Arthur Miller s play The Crucible used the Salem trials as an allegory for: a. illegal immigration b. McCarthyism c. the use of alcohol during Prohibition d. the breakup for the traditional family 24. Which of the following is true about the concept of the evil eye? a. a person can cause misfortune by looking at a person b. it is bad form to say something complementary about a child c. spitting and particular hand gestures can be used to protect one against the evil eye 25. Hedonism and the symbol of a goat s head within an inverted pentagram refer to: a. Wicca b. Asatru c. Satanism d. Druidism True-False Questions 26. Witches in small-scale societies derived their power from the knowledge and use of spells. 27. Among the Azande witchcraft is basically evil, but it is good when it is directed at enemies. 28. An Azande is a witch because of the inheritance of mangu or witchcraft substance. 29. The Azande confirm the identity of a witch through autopsy after the witch has died or through autopsy of a blood relative of the same sex. 30. Among the Azande, the diagnosis of an illness is confirmed by a medium through spirit possession. 31. A granary has collapsed seriously injuring a man who was working underneath it. An Azande would be most like to blame the injury upon sorcery. 4

5 32. Since the Navaho witch is a personification of evil, witchcraft serves to culturally define immoral and antisocial behavior. 33. In many parts of Africa today, AIDS is being blamed on the activity of witchcraft. 34. Euro-American witches in the 15th century obtained their evil power through contact with the Devil. 35. The Witchcraze is a Neo-Pagan religion found in Europe and the United States. Chapter 10 The Ghosts of Iceland 36. Anderson considers the convincing effects of séances in Iceland to be a. like that of a skilled actors abilities to transform their faces, bodies and voices for a role in a theater. b. the result of using blackout rooms, low lighting and red light bulbs. c. impossible to distinguish from a skilled magician who produces illusions for an audience. d. the result of people coming together to reaffirm that their dead relatives do live on in the afterlife and that they are well and happy there. e. All of the above. 37. As referred to by Anderson, E.E. Evans-Pritchard contributed to anthropology that a. Azande magic can cause people to sicken and die. b. Azande oracles can determine magically who is guilty or innocent of witchcraft. c. Azande witchdoctors can resolve disputes and assuage anxieties in society. d. The African witch today provides fertile conceptual terrain for constructing, considering, and contesting the multiple manifestations of modernity. e. All of the above. 38. According to Anderson, the English medium Deborah says a. ectoplasm is a kind of magical playdo that she puts on her face to attract spirits of the dead. b. audiences should be entirely silent so that the spirits won t be frightened away. c. transfiguration can happen to anyone in the room at a séance. d. she encourages good humor and laughter at her demonstrations. e. she like everyone to be crying when she comes out of her mediumistic trance. 39. Anderson discerned that there were stock characters in the mediums performances including people who were male, female, small, large, dialect speaking, doctors, comedians, singers, military men, from different cultures, and walks of life. T/F 40. Anderson concludes it is preposterous to think that a. invisible ghosts would present themselves on stage for scheduled performances. b. phosphorescent aluminum trumpets and wands would dance to heavy metal music or spirits could materialize objects. c. Deborah or Edwin should be considered as anything but skilled illusionists who 5

6 entertain for a door charge. d. he should suspend his disbelief. Instead, he uses the rule of Occam s razor and deduces that the simpler and more compelling explanation is that these are theater magicians performing for our entertainment. e. All of the above. 6