Dr. Leanna Wolfe Anthropology 121 Quiz #12 Witchcraft Including Ch. 10

Transcription

1 Dr. Leanna Wolfe Anthropology 121 Quiz #12 Witchcraft Including Ch T/F Witchcraft refers to the characteristics of people who cause trouble by virtue of the evil power they possess. 2. T/F Witches tend to be members of a community, attacking family members and neighbors with whom they were thought to be allied. 3. Why would women in patrilineal/patrilocal societies be likely to be mistrusted and considered deceitful? 4. People accused of being witches are likely to be: a. women b. people who marry into a community c. one s co-wife d. poor and marginal e. those with greater access to technology and resources 5. How has witchcraft accusations been used to explain periods of ideological dislocation and epidemics? 6. T/F There is a direct relationship between the intensity of social stress and the importance placed on witchcraft. 7. T/F Witchcraft accusations point to an actual individual who is the cause of all that is plaguing us rather than bad luck, fate, etc. 8. How does the belief in witchcraft reinforce positive social values? 9. What caused the notion of witch to shift from that of the benign wise woman to that of the malevolent witch? 10. What might explain the perception that witches flew through the sky? 11. What methods were used to prove that someone was a witch? 12. Why were the most mobile societies the least concerned with witchcraft?

2 2 13. What four directions to Wiccans invoke? What four elements do they bless? 14. T/F Today s Wiccans claim that their practice draws from ancient European paganism. 15. Why did accusations of Witchcraft take hold in Salem, MA? 16. How did the Salem witchcraft accusations follow a different pattern than was typical in communities of the time? 17. T/F There were economic tensions between the habitants of Salem Village and the surrounding farming towns. 18. Why might the Thomas Putnam family have taken their 12 year old daughter s witchcraft accusations so seriously? 19. `What is Spectral Evidence? How could it be interpreted to challenge its credibility? 20. T/F Witches are individuals who have an innate ability to commit evil acts. 21. T/F In some cultures one can be a witch and not even know it. 22. T/F Witchcraft accusations often reflect underlying social tensions in a society. 23. According to the Azande what is mangu? How does one acquire it? 24. All of the following are true about Azande beliefs in mangu except: a. it is a physical substance found within the body of a witch b. it can be manipulated by shamans in healing rituals c. it can be seen when autopsies are performed d. it is inherited from the parent of the same sex 25. How do modern Americans regard witchcraft and witches? 26. In many cultures witches are equally male or female, but in Europe and America witches are predominantly female. What was the underlying gender ideology that made this the case? Do you think this is still true? If so, to what extent? 27. Which of the following is true about Navaho witchcraft?

3 3 a. Navaho witches are born with witchcraft substance within their bodies b. witchcraft is a common factor in Navaho life that is freely talked about c. witchcraft is learned from a close relative and requires initiation d. witches participate in healing rituals 28. T/FAmongst the Navaho, people who exhibit anti-social behaviors such as cannibalism, incest and nudity are most likely to be identified as being witches. 29. In contrast to the Gwari of West Africa, Nupe witches are always female because: a. Nupe wives engage in activities that their husbands cannot control b. political power is vested in female chiefs who rule through their husbands and brothers c. women sexuality and fertility is viewed as dangerous and powerful d. the Nupe were influenced by Christian missionaries at the time of the Witchcraze in Europe 30. T/F In many parts of Africa today, AIDS is being blamed on the activity of witchcraft. 31. When did the witchcraze take place in Europe? 32. T/F The Malleus Maleficarum was written in the 15th century and set forth European witchcraft beliefs of the time 33. Which of the following is true about the concept of the evil eye? (select those that apply) a. a person can cause misfortune by looking at a person b. it is bad form to say something complementary about a child c. spitting and particular hand gestures can be used to protect one against the evil eye d. it is most common amongst people with a lazy eye e. only cultures that recognize it will experience it s effects 34. How were pagan beliefs incorporated into European Christianity? 35. What are the eight Sabbats that Wiccans celebrate? 36. T/F Wiccan magic can be used for both good and evil. 37. What is the Wiccan three-fold law? 38. Who founded the Church of Satan? a. Gerald Gardner b. Anton Le Vey c. Burton Wolfe d. Margaret Murray

4 4 39. Why do Satanists regard Wiccans as hypocrites? 40. What are the three kinds of rituals that Satanists conduct? a. healing and happiness b. destruction of enemies c. sex magic d. animal sacrifice e. rain magic 41. What are examples of modern day witch hunts? Ch. 11 The Search for New Meaning 1. How does social change come about? 2. What is the difference between acculturation and assimilation? 3. What is the difference between diffusion and stimulus diffusion? 4. How did the introduction of steel axes impact the Yir Yoront of Australia? 5. The introduction of steel axes to the Yir Yoront of Australia illustrates: a. the importance of syncretism in keeping old ideas alive b. a successful example of the introduction of Christianity to an aboriginal society c. how outside influence can completely destroy a traditional culture d. the effective policy of the Australian government in dealing with aboriginal peoples 6.Syncretism refers to: a. the process whereby a culture accepts culture traits from a dominant culture b. a condition whereby a dominated culture has changed so much because of outside influences that it ceases to have its own distinct identity c. a fusing of traits from two cultures to form something new and yet, permitting the retention of the old by subsuming the old into a new form d. what occurs when an idea moves from one culture to another and stimulates the invention of a new trait 7. What s an example of a syncretism? 8. Cricket as it is played today in the Trobriand Islands: a. uses magic to control of the outcome of the game b. evokes behaviors that were once characteristic of intervillage warfare c. is a part of the competition among chiefs for power and prestige d. all of the above

5 5 9. What is a diaspora? What are some examples? 10. Should practitioners of Santeria be allowed to sacrifice animals? 1. What is a revitalization movement? Revitalization Movements 2. Revitalization movements may be brought about by: (select those that apply) a. political and economic marginalization b. malnutrition and high level of epidemic disease c. perception that values of the community are being threatened d. breakdown of social relationships. 3. What are the five types of deprivation that can lead to the establishment of a new sect/revitalization movement? 4. T/F Revitalization movements are deliberate, organized, conscious efforts by members of a society who are dissatisfied with their culture as it presently is. 5. T/F Large societies go through revitalization movements every 10 to 15 years. 6. T/F A prerequisite for revitalization is that some of the members of the society are dissatisfied with their culture as it presently exists. 7. T/F Cults are small religious organizations that express defiance of the world around them. 8. What are the five stages of the revitalization process? 9. Peoples of New Guinea involved with cargo cults imitated the behavior of Europeans (such as writing on paper and sitting on chairs) because they: a. felt these were the rituals which made cargo available to the Europeans b. hoped to impress European officials and in turn receive more cargo c. wanted to be good Christians d. wanted to make proper use of their newly obtained wealth

6 6 10. T/F The arrival of WWII military troops to Melanesia was heralded as a sign of the apocalypse. 11. Why did Melanesians involved in cargo cults imitate the behavior of whites? (e.g. writing on paper and sitting in chairs) 12. Which of the following are behaviors seen in members of cargo cults? a. throw money away b. abandon gardens c. destroy livestock d. adultry e. speaking in tongues f. waiting for cargo that eventually arrives 13. Who did the Melanesians believe made cargo? 14. In one millenarian movement in New Guinea, a group of Papuans renamed their villages with names taken from: a. the I Ching b. the Bible c. American warships d. Disney cartoons e. American presidents 15. Why might we view the Melanesian cargo cults as a logical and rational attempt to make sense out of a social order that appeared senseless and chaotic? 16. T/F Revivalist movements attempt to revive what is often perceived as a past golden age. 17. What s the difference between a nativistic movement and a millenarian movement? 18. The Ghost Dance of 1890: (select those that apply) a. was begun by a Paiute prophet Wovoka b. promised the return of the ancestors and the disappearance of the dominant society c. is an example of a nativistic movement d. is an example of a revivalist movement 19. T/F The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints began as a 19 th century revitalization movement. 20. Two psychological processes, mazeway resynthesis and hysterical conversion, are important in the revitalization process. Which is more typical of the mass follower? Which is likely to result from a hallucinogenic trance? 21. T/F The Chinese Communist s technique of brain-washing was used to induce hysterical conversion. 22. Could you be brain-washed? Why? Why not?

7 7 23. The past decades in the United States have seen a decline in membership in traditional mainstream religions but an increase in membership in both New Age/Pagan religions and fundamentalist religions. In what ways are these two movements very different? In what ways are they similar? Why do you think they have been popular while traditional religions have declined? 24. A high demand religion is characterized by: a. strict control of outside information b. communal living c. members being given new names and identities d. all of these 25. What is deprogramming? Is it effective? 26. Who was David Koresh? 27. What became of the Branch Dividians?