environmental context

Transcription

1 Global Purpoe energy of thi talk and environmental context Credit Slide and content of the Energy part of thi coure were originally made and conceived by prof.dr. Ronald Grieen Rinke Wijngaarden Vrije Univeriteit, Amterdam 2013 Obtaining knowlegde about order of magnitude of energy procee price ( ) of energy ue of unit Be able to do imple calculation on thee topic Energie-akkoord 2013 De uittoot van CO 2 verminderen, met 17% (30%) in 2030 en 60% in 2050 (vergeleken met 1990) Energiebeparing de komende jaren van 1% nu naar 1.5% (2%) per jaar. Het aandeel duurzame energie verhogen van ongeveer 4% nu naar 14% (20%) in 2020 en 16% in 2023 Alle kolencentrale luiten, 3 in 2016, 2 in 2017 (In rood: beluit kabinet in 2010) Energy and Power: what i that? What i 1 MJ in real life? Energy i very cheap 1

2 560 kj/100 g 5.6 MJ = YOU up the Kilimanjaro =5.6 MJ/kg 5700 m 100 kg 9.81 m/ m = 5.6 MJ 100 kg up a mountain of 5708 m =5.6 MJ/kg How much energy do you need for a bath? 1 pot = 1 kg Comparion of energy denitie Gaoline 44.5 MJ/kg 300 liter Methane 50 MJ/kg 7 x 5.6 MJ 37.8 MJ 5.6 MJ/kg Hydrogen 120 MJ/kg High exploive 12 MJ/kg Jo Herman guide Air plane energy flame ga tove Central heating TGV Boeing 747 Electricity plant 100 W 2 kw 20 kw 10 MW 100 MW 1000 MW About 70 airplane x 50 MW = 3.5 GW Total electricity plant NL = 20 GW verbruik 2009: 13 GW 2

3 Natural ga (Groningen) Natural ga energy content (HHV) energy content MJ/m 3 kwh/m 3 lower heating value (LHV) onderwaarde higher heating value (HHV) bovenwaarde include heat of condenation Algeria 42,000 kj/m³ Bangladeh 36,000 kj/m³ Canada 38,200 kj/m³ Indoneia 40,600 kj/m³ Netherland 33,320 kj/m³ Norway 39,877 kj/m³ Ruia 38,231 kj/m³ Saudi Arabia 38,000 kj/m³ United Kingdom 39,710 kj/m³ United State 38,416 kj/m³ Uzbekitan 37,889 kj/m³ Tonne of Oil Equivalent Energy and Power: what i that? The 30 member countrie of the OECD are: Autralia, Autria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherland, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United State. The IEA/OECD define one toe to be equal to GJ or MWh. 1 t dieel = 1.01 toe 1 m 3 dieel = 0.98 toe 1 t petrol = 1.05 toe 1 m 3 petrol = 0.86 toe 1 t biodieel = 0.86 toe 1 m 3 biodieel = 0.78 toe 1 t bioethanol = 0.64 toe 1m 3 bioethanol = 0.51 toe General Converion Factor for Energy General Converion Factor for Volume For example: 1 toe i equal to GJ or MWh or kwh 1 GJ=10 9 J giga 1 TJ=10 12 J tera 1 PJ=10 15 J peta 1 EJ=10 18 J exa 3

4 Energy and Power: what i that? What are kw and kwh? [Force]= Newton [Energy]= Joule [Power]= Watt [Power]= Watt [Energy]= Joule m 1N 1 kg x 1 2 1J 1 N x 1m J 1W 1 J kj 1kW kj 1 kwh MJ Energy and Power: what i that? Energy i very cheap Human power Heating: W P E/t mgh/t P 70kg 9.8m 2 300m/ W Energy cot in NL (2011) 1 kwh electricity (Nuon) cot 0.21 (0.08 electricity tax per kwh) 1 m 3 ga (8.8 kwh) cot 0.55 /m 3 or 0.06 /kwh (0.44 ga tax per m 3 ) Man-equivalent of energy European energy ue 4900 W 25 /day 4900W /57W peron peron 1 kwh electricity (Nuon) cot 0.21 bron: NUON paid 0.29 /day 4

5 Energy per in NL Smalley Nobel prize 1 kwh cot: kwh=3.6 MJ 1 m 3 ga cot: m 3 = MJ (Groningen-ga-equivalent) 3.6MJ MJ 36.17MJ MJ Ga i cheaper Electricity can be converted into mechanical energy with ~ 100% efficiency Smalley Smalley concluion ENERGY 2. Water 3. Food 4. Environment 5. Poverty 6. Terrorim and war 7. Dieae 8. Education 9. Democracy 10. Population MRS Bulletin 30 (2005) 412 How to proceed? We will try to ue phyic to better undertand: the problem the potential of propoed olution How can we ue phyic for uch vague problem? 5