Unit 1: The travel and tourism industry (LEVEL 3)

Transcription

1 Unit 1: The travel and tourism industry (LEVEL 3) Learning outcomes By completing this unit candidates will develop knowledge and understanding of the development of the travel and tourism industry in the UK. Candidates will explore the different sectors of the industry and investigate how the sectors work together to provide the tourist experience. The scale and importance of the industry to the UK economy will also be investigated. Candidates will also have an opportunity to look at the different employment opportunities available within the industry. Candidates will produce evidence to meet the unit assessment objectives in order to show that they understand: the impacts of the key developments on the UK travel and tourism industry the key sectors in the travel and tourism industry the inter-relationship between the key travel and tourism providers the importance of the travel and tourism industry to the UK economy the range of employment opportunities within the travel and tourism industry. Assessment objectives 1 Assess the impact of key historical and current developments on the UK travel and tourism industry 2 Describe the key sectors in the travel and tourism industry Knowledge, understanding and skills Key historical developments: improvements in transportation development of mass tourism/package holidays decline of seaside resorts socio-economic changes; increases in leisure time, disposable income, paid holidays and life expectancy technological developments Current developments: low cost airlines super jumbos and super ships Internet technology direct sales, eg growth of call centres and internet bookings the grey market airport/runway expansion terrorist activity and security issues Key sectors: transport accommodation ancillary services tour operators (outbound, inbound, domestic) travel agents (retail and business; multiples, miniples and independents) visitor attractions tourism services, development and promotion (including British tourist organisations, regional tourist boards and tourist information centres) (continued overleaf) OCR Level 3 Nationals in Travel and Tourism 1

2 Assessment objectives 2 Cont. Describe the key sectors in the travel and tourism industry 3 Illustrate the interrelationships between key travel and tourism providers 4 Illustrate the importance of the UK travel and tourism industry to the UK economy 5 Describe the nature of employment within the travel and tourism industry and the qualifications, skills and qualities required for two jobs Knowledge, understanding and skills trade organisations, eg Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA), International Air Transport Association (IATA), Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), Association of Independent Tour Operators (AITO), Federation of Tour Operators (FTO) Description could include: Ownership, ie public, private voluntary Role of each sector Examples of key players within each sector Inter-relationships: principals and the chain of distribution vertical and horizontal integration dominance of the market by a few players Key providers: tour operators, eg Thomson, First Choice travel agents, eg Thomson, Going Places transport providers, eg British Airways, Virgin Trains, National Express accommodation and catering outlets, eg Best Western, Pizza Express visitor attractions, eg Blackpool Pleasure Beach, The British Museum tourism development and promotion organisations, eg VisitBritain, local Tourist Information Centres (TICs) Importance: expenditure from inbound and domestic tourism contribution to the Balance of Payments consumer spending on travel and tourism Scale: numbers employed in travel and tourism in the UK visitor numbers: inbound, outbound and domestic Nature of travel and tourism employment: the variety of jobs within each sector full-time and part-time positions temporary contracts seasonal work shift pay and unsocial hours pay and conditions training and progression opportunities qualifications required skills required personal attributes required Qualifications: academic and industry Skills and qualities: job specific and transferable skills interpersonal skills customer service skills personal presentation 2 OCR Level 3 Nationals in Travel and Tourism

3 Assessment This unit is centre assessed and externally moderated. In order to achieve this unit candidates must produce a portfolio of evidence showing that they have met all of the assessment objectives. Portfolios of work must be produced independently. They will need to be made available, together with witness statements and any other supporting documentation, to the OCR Visiting Moderator when required. Centres must confirm to OCR that the evidence produced by candidates is authentic. An OCR Centre Authentication Form is provided in the Centre Handbook and includes a declaration for assessors to sign. It is a requirement of the QCA Common Criteria for all Qualifications that proof of authentication is received. An OCR Model Assignment is available for this unit and can be downloaded from our website and can also be found in the Model Assignments folder on this CD Rom. Guidance on assessment and evidence requirements This unit provides underpinning knowledge for other units and it is therefore recommended that it be studied early in the programme of study. This unit has links with Unit 5: Current issues in travel and tourism, Unit 7: Hospitality for travel and tourism, Unit 11: Career planning for travel and tourism, Unit 12: Developing skills through work experience in travel and tourism, Unit 14: Retail travel operations, Unit 15: Business travel operations, Unit 16: The UK tour operating sector, Unit 17: The UK passenger transport sector, Unit 18: The development of tourist destinations, Unit 19: Tourism service providers, Unit 20: UK visitor attractions, Unit 21: UK countryside tourism, Unit 22: UK heritage tourism, Unit 23: UK tourism, Unit 24: Investigating the airline industry, and Unit 26: The UK airport sector. Candidates research skills and independence should be encouraged through the use of a wide range of teaching and learning methods including case studies, discussions, visits, guest speakers, personal experience and the use of the internet and literature. Candidates should be introduced to travel and tourism industry terminology and be encouraged to use this throughout their studies. Tutors and candidates may find a dictionary of travel and tourism helpful. The unit aims to encourage candidates to assess the key historical and current developments of the travel and tourism industry (Assessment Objective 1) and to develop an awareness of their impacts on the industry of today. Candidates need to gather information about all key developments. The use of video and historical news items may help candidates understanding of this subject. Interviewing members of an older generation to establish their holiday history is encouraged. Exploration of the key sectors (Assessment Objective 2) could be achieved through a combination of visits, guest speakers and research using the Internet and published sources. Candidates who have been on package holidays should be encouraged to discuss their experiences and the organisations involved. Through this tutors may be able to draw out information about sectors and industry structure. Major companies have websites, which will give useful information about products and services, structure and size of the organisation. Investigating the local area will produce a wide range of travel and tourism sectors (and local providers) which could be explored as a good starting point for both Assessment Objectives 2 and 3. Assessment Objective 3 requires candidates to have knowledge and understanding of who the key providers are and their inter relationships. Candidates are asked to illustrate, ie describe with examples. They are expected to name key organisations in the different sectors and describe inter-relationships where relevant. For example, candidates should be aware of the Big 4 tour operators Tui UK, First Choice, Thomas Cook and My Travel (who account for nearly half of the package holiday market) and that they own/have direct relationships with the major retail OCR Level 3 Nationals in Travel and Tourism 3

4 agencies (Thomson, First Choice, Thomas Cook and Going Places), charter airlines, accommodation and other tour operators/subsidiary brands. Underpinning knowledge for this assessment objective will provide candidates with a broad knowledge of key organisations within the travel and tourism industry many of whom they will be able to research further for other units. For, example candidates should be aware that travel agents sell products on behalf of airlines and tour operators. Candidates should also develop an understanding of horizontal and vertical integration within the industry and be able to demonstrate how a few key players dominate the industry and the effect this has on the products and services offered to the consumer. This information is widely available in tourism texts. However, due to the rapid rate of change within the industry, tutors and candidates should keep abreast of developments via the travel trade press. Assessment Objective 4 involves candidates examining the scale and economic importance of the travel and tourism industry to the UK economy. Candidates should use up to date key industry statistics showing the revenue generated by tourism, incoming, outgoing and domestic tourist numbers and numbers employed within the industry. Candidates can be provided with a selection of current statistics, which can be found on the internet, in Social Trends, and from many bodies such as ABTA and VisitBritain. The latter has a website dedicated to statistical and research information ( Assessment Objective 5 has two parts, the nature of employment within the travel and tourism industry and the investigation of two jobs. Tutors should ensure that candidates are familiar with the contractual terms operating within the industry such as short term and seasonal contracts, shift patterns and unsociable hours. Tutors can provide information on the range of jobs available within each sector and assist candidates to investigate the nature of the work including the skills, qualities and qualifications required. An investigation into the range of jobs available, done at this early stage of study, can develop candidates understanding of the complexity and variety within the industry and the fact that many jobs are temporary and involve irregular hours. Visits by guest speakers from different industry sectors and careers guidance services can help to provide variety, interest and information. A wide range of information can be obtained direct from industry sources, careers services, and the internet. There is a wide range of published literature on work in the travel and tourism industry. Candidates may provide portfolio evidence for all of the assessment objectives in this unit using a range of presentation techniques. This may include assessor testimony/witness statements logbooks, diaries, the use of video, audio and presentation software, posters/charts, written work. Where video and/or audio evidence is provided this must be supported by assessor testimony/witness statements. Where candidates demonstrate competence, centres should record skills demonstrated on appropriate recording documentation. Signposting to Key Skills The unit contains opportunities for developing the Key Skill, and possibly for generating portfolio evidence, if teaching and learning is focused on that aim. Key Skill reference Key Skill reference Key Skill reference C3.1 N3.1 ICT3.1 C3.2a N3.2a ICT3.2 C3.2b N3.2b ICT3.3 C3.3 N3.2c N3.2d N3.3 4 OCR Level 3 Nationals in Travel and Tourism

5 Mapping to National Occupational Standards Occupational Standards Unit number Title No relevant standards in Tourist Information Services, Travel Services and Aviation Resources This section provides suggestions of suitable resources. The list is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive, and candidates should be encouraged to gather information from a variety of sources. Some suggested resources are intended for Tutor use. The resources in this section were current at the time of production. Books Davidson, R. (1998) Holloway, C. (2001) Lavery, P. (2004) McAlphine, M. (2004) Outhart, T. et al (2000) Quinn, B., Tombs D., Payne, G. (editors) (2005) Rickerby, S. (2005) Ward, J (2000) Tribe, J. (1999) Youell, R. (2003) Travel and Tourism in Europe Pearson Education The Business of Tourism 6th Ed. Pearson Education Travel and Tourism Elm So you want to work in travel and tourism? Hodder and Stoughton Travel and Tourism for Advanced GNVQ HarperCollins Tourist Attractions and Events of the World incorporating the World Travel Dictionary Columbus Travel Publishing AS Travel and Tourism Philip Allan Updates An Introduction to Travel and Tourism Pearson Education Economics of Travel and Tourism Butterworth-Heinemann Complete A Z Travel and Leisure Handbook Hodder and Stoughton Journals/magazines/newspapers Travel Trade Gazette Travel Weekly Other useful resources include airline magazines, tour operators holiday brochures and travel supplements from weekend broadsheets. OCR Level 3 Nationals in Travel and Tourism 5

6 Websites Association of Leading Visitor Attractions. URL: Comprises the majority of Britain s biggest and best known attractions. BBC Education working in travel and tourism. URL: Careers in travel and tourism. Discover Northern Ireland. URL: Official site of Northern Ireland s national tourist board. English Heritage. URL: Information about English Heritage. General Household Survey. URL: The General Household Survey (GHS) is a multi-purpose continuous survey carried out by the Social Survey Division of the Office for National Statistics (ONS) which collects information on a range of topics from people living in private households in Great Britain. I Want To Work in Travel and Tourism. URL: Lots of useful information about working in travel and tourism. Resource Gateway. URL: This website gives teachers and students the opportunity to access a resource database of information and materials that support a variety of leisure, travel and tourism courses for the age group. Springboard. URL: The site for 16 to 18 year-olds that gives a no-fuss approach to choices for young people about their future, including careers in travel and tourism. Statistics on tourism and research (Star UK). URL: Information about tourism in Britain a useful introduction including statistics. The National Trust. URL: The Trust acts as a guardian for the nation in the acquisition and protection of threatened coastline, countryside and buildings. Travel Job Search. URL: Advertisements for jobs in travel and tourism. TravelMole. URL: Travel industry information service for tour operators, travel agents and suppliers, providing access to destination travel news and information. Travel Weekly. URL: Travel industry news and travel jobs. Virtual training suite. URL: A website that introduces candidates to travel and tourism on the internet and how to access information. VisitBritain. URL: Information about tourism in Britain a useful introduction. VisitScotland. URL: Official site of Scotland s national tourist board. VisitWales. URL: Official site of Wales s national tourist board. 6 OCR Level 3 Nationals in Travel and Tourism

7 Vocational Learning. (Leisure and Tourism) URL: Leisure and tourism teaching and learning resources for schools and colleges. OCR Level 3 Nationals in Travel and Tourism 7

8 Grading Assessment Objective AO1 Assess the impact of key historical and current developments on the UK travel and tourism industry AO2 Describe the key sectors in the travel and tourism industry AO3 Illustrate the interrelationships between key travel and tourism providers Pass Merit Distinction Candidates provide a simple assessment of key historical and current developments on the UK travel and tourism industry. They demonstrate limited understanding of the impact of these developments on the industry. Candidates provide a basic description of the key sectors in the travel and tourism industry. The description includes correct travel and tourism terminology and is supported with obvious examples. Candidates provide a basic description of the inter-relationships between key travel and tourism providers. They demonstrate limited understanding of the structure of the industry. Candidates show little awareness of the relationships between the key providers (organisations) and how they work together to provide travel and tourism products and services. Simple information on vertical and horizontal integration of travel agents, tour operators and transport and accommodation providers is included but with few examples. Candidates provide a clear assessment of key historical and current developments on the UK travel and tourism industry. They demonstrate some understanding of the impact of these developments on the industry. Candidates provide a detailed description of the key sectors in the travel and tourism industry. The description includes correct travel and tourism terminology and is supported with a range of appropriate examples. Candidates provide a detailed description of the inter-relationships between key travel and tourism providers. They demonstrate some understanding of the structure of the industry. Candidates show good awareness of the relationships between the key providers (organisations) and how they work together to provide travel and tourism products and services. Clear information on vertical and horizontal integration of travel agents, tour operators and transport and accommodation providers is included and supported with appropriate examples. Candidates provide a detailed assessment of key historical and current developments on the UK travel and tourism industry. They demonstrate thorough understanding of the impact of these developments on the industry. Candidates provide a comprehensive description of the key sectors in the travel and tourism industry. The description includes correct travel and tourism terminology and is supported with a variety of well chosen examples, including some less obvious. Candidates provide a comprehensive description of the inter-relationships between key travel and tourism providers. They demonstrate thorough understanding of the structure of the industry. Candidates show excellent awareness of the relationships between the key providers (organisations) and how they work together to provide travel and tourism products and services. Detailed information on vertical and horizontal integration of travel agents, tour operators and transport and accommodation providers is included and supported with a range of current examples. 8 OCR Level 3 Nationals in Travel and Tourism

9 Assessment Objective AO4 Illustrate the importance of the UK travel and tourism industry to the UK economy AO5 Describe the nature of employment within the travel and tourism industry and the qualifications, skills and qualities required for two jobs Pass Merit Distinction Candidates outline briefly the importance of the UK travel and tourism industry to the UK economy. Their information is supported with simple, easily found, statistics which demonstrate the importance of incoming and domestic tourism to the UK economy. Some tables and graphs are included but there is little interpretation of the statistics. Candidates provide a basic description of the nature of employment within the travel and tourism industry using obvious examples. A brief outline of the qualifications, skills and qualities required for two jobs is provided. Candidates outline clearly the importance of the UK travel and tourism industry to the UK economy. Their information is supported with appropriate statistics which demonstrate the importance of incoming and domestic tourism to the UK economy. Tables and graphs are included and there is some accurate interpretation of the statistics. Candidates provide a detailed description of the nature of employment within the travel and tourism industry using appropriate examples. A clear outline of the qualifications, skills and qualities required for two jobs is provided. Candidates describe the importance of the UK travel and tourism industry to the UK economy. Their description is supported with a variety of relevant statistics which demonstrate the importance of incoming and domestic tourism to the UK economy. Relevant tables and graphs are included and there is accurate interpretation of the statistics. Candidates provide a comprehensive description of the nature of employment within the travel and tourism industry using a variety of well chosen examples. Accurate and detailed information on the qualifications, skills and qualities required for two jobs is provided. OCR Level 3 Nationals in Travel and Tourism 9