New Airfoil in LM s Wind Tunnel: High Efficiency and Roughness Insensitivity
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1 New Airfoil in LM s Wind Tunnel: High Efficiency and Roughness Insensitivity Christian Bak, Helge A. Madsen, Mac Gaunaa, Peter B. Andersen, Mads Døssing Risø DTU Peter Fuglsang, Stefano Bove LM Glasfiber
2 Outline Motivation Design Measurement setup Results Conclusions Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
3 Motivation A new airfoil series have been designed at Risø DTU because we have learned several lessons from three airfoil series designed from 998 to (Risø-A, Risø-P and Risø-B) :. Roughness insensitivity is very important. High aerodynamic efficiency is very important 3. A relatively high stiffness of the airfoil sections is important 4. A high compatibility between different airfoil sections is important Additionally, some important questions have arised:. What happens to the airfoil performance for different turbulence intensities?. How does the small scale turbulence behave? 3. Are the models for predicting transition from laminar to turbulent flow trustworthy? 3 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
4 Design strategy CL High max. lift High lift in post-stall to ensure smooth stall Transition to turbulent flow close to LE: Roughness insensitive Design for max. Lift-Drag-ratio Reduced min. lift α Design for high compatibility between airfoil thicknesses Design for high stiffness 4 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
5 Design result Design objectives of new airfoils similar to Risø-B High maximum lift Insensitivity to roughness High compatibility Design objectives of new airfoils differing from Risø-B Increased stiffness Slightly higher compatibility High aerodynamic efficiency Reduced minimum CL 5 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
6 Design result: Moment of resistence Moment of resistance, Wx Risoe-C Risoe-B.5 NACA636xx/FFA-W3-xxx Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark t/c [%]
7 Measurement setup The microphone The microphones mounted at airfoil leading edge The microphone in the housing (right) and amplifiers (left) 7 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
8 Inlet Measurement setup LM s wind tunnel: Test section Airfoil Wake rake: Measurement of drag using traversing 8 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
9 Measurement setup LM s wind tunnel: Test section Inlet with turbulence grid Turbulence grids: Grid: xcm Grid: xcm Airfoil 9 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
10 Results: Risø-C-8, Clean, Transition Measured XFOIL,full trb XFOIL,free trn,n=8 XFOIL,free trn,n= c d [-] AOA [deg] x/c tr] [-] Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
11 Results: Risø-C-8 / Risø-B-8, Clean c d [-] Risoe-C-8,meas. Risoe-B-8,meas AOA [deg] Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
12 Results: Risø-C-8 / Risø-B-8, Clean c l /c d [-] 8 c l /c d [-] AOA [deg] Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
![[-] 8 6 6 4 4 - -5 5 5 AOA [deg]](/docs-images/43/20172714/images/page_12.jpg "Risø DTU, Technical University of")
13 Results: Risø-C-8, LER c d [-] Meas.,clean Meas.,LER XFOIL,full trb AOA [deg] 3 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
14 Results: Risø-C-8 / Risø-B-8, LER c d [-] Risoe-C-8,clean Risoe-C-8,LER Risoe-B-8,clean Risoe-B-8,LER AOA [deg] 4 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
15 Results: Risø-C-8, Clean, Turbulence c d [-] Clean,no grid Clean,grid Clean,grid AOA [deg] 5 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
![4 c d [-] Clean,no grid Clean,grid](/docs-images/43/20172714/images/page_15.jpg "Clean,grid - -5 5 5 AOA [deg] 5 Risø")
16 Results: Risø-C-8, LER, Turbulence c d [-] LER,no grid LER,grid LER,grid AOA [deg] 6 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
![4 c d [-] LER,no grid LER,grid](/docs-images/43/20172714/images/page_16.jpg "LER,grid - -5 5 5 AOA [deg] 6 Risø")
17 Conclusions Design objectives of new airfoils similar to Risø-B High maximum lift - OK Insensitivity to roughness - OK High compatibility - OK Design objectives of new airfoils differing from Risø-B Increased stiffness - OK Slightly higher compatibility - OK High aerodynamic efficiency - OK Reduced minimum CL not entirely OK (probably caused by transition modelling for negative angles of attack) It is possible to design roughness insensitive airfoils which - without leading edge roughness - show high lift-drag ratio XFOIL and the e n transition model seems to predict the transition point well on the Risø airfoils for positive angles of attack Investigation of the influence of turbulence will be carried on. 7 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
18 Acknowledgements Thank you to LM Glasfiber A/S for preparing, measuring and post processing the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoils - and to the hard working staff in their tunnel Thank you to Danish Energy Authorities, EFP6 and EFP7, for funding the project 8 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
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