Product Data Management

Transcription

1 T ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE: Product Data Management Asko Martio Variantum Oy File: PDM_ Slide 1

2 Variantum Oy New Finnish company, established 2002, 9 owners Roots in Product Data Management Group (PDMG) of HUT, established in 1992 First big project: EDMS for KONE Oyj, first remarkable document management system in Finland. Today s status: over documents, over 3000 active users. PDM and configurable product related research projects with approx. 20 Finnish companies. Best imaginable technological know-how 3 D.Sc. (Tech), dissertations within configuration domain, 1 Lic. Sc. (Tech), 4 M. Sc. (Tech) approx. 50 man-years of industrial experience in different management positions File: PDM_ Slide 2

3 Variantum products System products VariSelect, Product family selection tool to highlight product properties and their differences VariSales, Sales configurator for sales order definition VariProd, Production configurator that creates Bill of Materials required by the specified product variant (configuration) for the ERP system VariPDM, PDM system for product, document, product model and workflow management Service and support products Expert services for consultation, system training and implementation After sales support services File: PDM_ Slide 3

4 Contents References, terminology Definition of PDM Background, motivation for PDM PDM Functionality Architecture Summary File: PDM_ Slide 4

5 References Kenneth G. McIntosh ENGINEERING DATA MANAGEMENT A Guide to Successful Implementation, McGraw-Hill Inc. Antti Sääksvuori, Anselmi Immonen Tuotetiedonhallinta PDM, Talentum Media 2002 Hannu Peltonen, Asko Martio, Reijo Sulonen PDM - Tuotetiedon hallinta, IT Press 2002 M. Eigner, R. Stelzer Produktdatenmanagement-Systeme, Springer 2001 I. Crnkovic, U. Asklund, A. P. Dahlqvist Product Data Management and Software Configuration Management, Artech House, Inc John Stark Product Lifecycle Management, Paradigm for 21st century Product realisation, Springer 2004 Rodger Burden PDM: Product Data Management, Resource Pub File: PDM_ Slide 5

6 Terminology: PDM cpdm PAM Document Electronic Technology PDM Product Lifecycle PLM EDM Collaborative Information Data Engineering PDT TIM TDM Management Asset Technical Almost any combination of terms is used, PDM (Product Data Management) and PLM (Product Life-cycle Management) seem to be most common PIM Enterprise Definition File: PDM_ Slide 6

7 Definition: Product Result of industrial activity Product family, brand, model, type, product class, configurable product Product configuration, fixed product Product individual general concept abstract class (cannot be manufactured) concrete class (can be manufactured) physical artifact, service activity File: PDM_ Slide 7

8 Definition: Product Data (CIMdata) All product related information Paper documents Digital files: Document files: specifications, configurations, purchase orders CAD drawings, models, assemblies, parts lists CAE analysis, NC programs and plans Information stored in data bases PDM manages three different product data life-cycles Product type life-cycle: product development approval and change processes beginning and end of production Product individual life-cycle: engineering production, maintenance, recycling Product process life-cycle File: PDM_ Slide 8

9 Definition: PDM ISO Parts Library: A representation of facts, concepts, or instructions about one or more products in a formal manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by human beings or by automatic means. Crnkovic, Asklund, Persson Dahlqvist (2003): PDM is the discipline of controlling the evolution of a product and providing other procedures and tools with the accurate product information at the right time in the right format during the entire Product Life Cycle PDT (Product Data Technology)-advisory group: Product Data Technology includes all aspects of the definition and methods of processing information pertinent to product throughout its development and operational lifecycle. File: PDM_ Slide 9

10 Definition: PLM (CIMdata) What is Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)? A strategic business approach that applies a consistent set of business solutions in support of the collaborative creation, management, dissemination, and use of product definition information across the extended enterprise from concept to end of life integrating people, processes, and information File: PDM_ Slide 10

11 PDM system status today PDM systems coverage is more restricted: Current PDM systems do not include commercial data (stocks, purchase orders, invoices, cost accounting, etc.) of the company. They are managed by Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. Main interest of PDM lays on product support processes (R&D, etc.) Many PDM systems do not support configurable products and product individual and production process life-cycles PDM system does not create new product data File: PDM_ Slide 11

12 PDM motivation: Changing business environment Increased competition Global markets, aggressive market behaviour Shrinking budgets, lower production costs Products are becoming more complex, exploiting more technologies and built in vast number of variants Quality requirements (ISO 9000 etc) and customer responsiveness are increasing Global manufacturing (expanded teaming) Government and industry standards Less time and money for hassling File: PDM_ Slide 12

13 PDM motivation: Concurrent Engineering Concurrent engineering provides Faster product development with less cost Shorter time to market, early feedback of design implications Concurrent engineering requires Rapid and effective cross-team communication even when teams and product data are geographically spread Integration of heterogeneous design environments (software & hardware) Supplier and customer participation Fast decision making based on hard product data File: PDM_ Slide 13

14 PDM motivation: Data integration by system integration Design/Engineering CAD Purchasing & Finance Project Management Manufacturing MRP System Customers File: PDM_ Slide 14 Production Sales/Marketing & Customer Service Process/Plant Suppliers

15 PDM costs and benefits Direct costs Reduce labour costs Labor Costs Time Increase profit margins by faster time-to-market Quality Done right first time Productivity Re-use of information File: PDM_ Slide 15 Other benefits Cultural change

16 PDM costs and benefits PDM system benefits direct cost savings faster time-to-market benefits change management savings indirect cost savings improved quality other savings PDM system costs hardware, software licences system tailoring, system integration, installation, training system maintenance File: PDM_ Slide 16

17 PDM Benefits, example Metric Standard C.E. Delta (%) Design Hours %/25% Span Time (months) %/42% Tooling Costs $79,461 $49,993 $42,057 47%/16% No. Changes (15 mo.) %/75% No. Changes (30 mo.) %/79% No. Quality Reports %/89% No. Waivers %/95% Mark Knodle, General Dynamics Space Systems Division File: PDM_ Slide 17

18 PDM market File: PDM_ Slide 18

19 PDM market File: PDM_ Slide 19

20 PDM market status today PDM is now validated and accepted to support major initiatives in big companies a big picture has emerged SMEs adopting light weight versions A lot of alternative systems no dominant player consolidation seems to be taking place File: PDM_ Slide 20

21 PDM Functions Data Vault and Document Management Product Structure Management Workflow and Process Management SPEC NC ECO ECO 3D Drawings/Documents Classification & Retrieval partno Screw Length axy mm zvy mm dgf mm Program Management Little support + Support utilities As PDM becomes implemented across different industry sectors, functional priorities change. File: PDM_ Slide 21

22 Data vault Central storage for Documents Product configuration data Product model data Product individual data Maintains revision and status data (e.g. electronic approval) Files (drawings, documents, etc.) are managed as objects Check-out and check-in control Browse/reporting Benefits Secure, distributed storage of data Elimination of redundant files Managed data sharing among team members Managed electronic review and approval Management of data relationships Based often on commercial relational data bases File: PDM_ Slide 22

23 Data vault Object: Document Date: 1/1/95 Project: Motor Part #: A Revision: 2.3A Document #: File: A:\PDM\doc\motor\... Application: MS-Word 6.0 Meta-Database data Managed referenced files PDM Server File: PDM_ Slide 23

24 PDM items Item definition Items from the PDM point of view are those product related business objects which are frequently referred in product related processes, e.g. products, materials, documents, resources, activities. Use of standard items makes management and business transactions easier PDM corner stones Item categories Physical items systems, assemblies, parts, components, accessories Document items Product models and software Service items File: PDM_ Slide 24

25 Item views Life-cycle view Item revisions Classification (type) view Classification according to product properties Classification hierarchy Status view Item approval level Item efficiency Language view Structure view Structures dependent on processes Sales (offer, sales order) structure Design structure Manufacturing structure Delivery structure Installation structure Maintenance structure Physical product structure Functional structure Spatial structure File: PDM_ Slide 25

26 Item classification To search and browse items efficiently Because the number of different item classifications should be small, from the data maintenance point of view, item classification is usually a compromise of different classification requirements File: PDM_ Slide 26

27 Item classification methods Example Specifying code Parametric class hierarchy ISO Part Libraries IEC Standard data element types with associated classification scheme for electric components File: PDM_ Slide 27 A Basic mechanical materials and components A2 Non-ferrous metals A20 and strips Sheets A202 Coated sheets and strips Fasteners (Length, diameter) Screws (Length, diameter, thread length) Cross head screws (Length, diameter, thread length, head diameter, standard)

28 Basic item data Identification Generally approx. 8 character code Classifying v. non-classifying Local v. enterprize wide Description Generally approx. 40 characters of cler text Classification Helps to find items Revising Revising method Revision identification Variants E.g. color, package, size variants Status (recommendation class) Manufacturers, vendors Other data Big systems: approx. 300 fields/item Item is to specified to the level that is required by its user Reference documents File: PDM_ Slide 28

29 Item revisions Warning: there is no approved terminology When an item is changed a new version, which is also an item, is created. It is Revision. An item of this type is generated to replace its predecessor immediately or after a transition period. Therefore, the new revision must be compatible (form, fit and function) with its predecessor. Variant. Variant concept is sometimes used for products, parts and items with small differences. An item in this group is related to a higher-level product type. Independent item. An item in this group is neither a variant nor a revision of any other item. The relation to its origin is lost. Example: a new independent product File: PDM_ Slide 29

30 Item approval status Item status is connected to the readiness and usability of the item. When the item status changes the item does not otherwise change. Design status in design ready for checking checked approved change proposal pending withdrawn Status of purchased components in design ready checked pre-release (to be used in pilot production only) standard item special, e.g. only 1 manufacturer not to be used in new designs replaced by another item spare part only not available File: PDM_ Slide 30

31 Document management Which document types? Identification method for documents, document revisions and variants Document original: file or archive original? Approval of documents Security archives Document tool integration to PDM WWW user interfaces Document structure Document revisions Document variants Equivalence of documents written in different languages Multilingual documents Subdocuments Multipage drawings Figure files 3D models Representations Original,, viewing and printing formats File: PDM_ Slide 31

32 Product structure Bicycle Handlebars Pedal Frame Wheels Saddle Tire Spoke Hub Figure 2.5 Quantified BOM of a bicycle Crnkovic, Asklund, Persson Dahlqvist, Implementing and Integrating Product Data Management and Software Configuration Management File: PDM_ Slide 32

33 Product (breakdown) structure defines the relations between the product (highest level item) and its non-decomposable (from the structure definer s point of view) components (lowest level items) consists of recursive ending has_part relations between items can include links to items which are not parts of the product is also technology, process and view related (as any product model) most common views: product (design/manufacturing), location and function File: PDM_ Slide 33

34 Product (breakdown) structure - general All structure items represent elements which can be delivered with the product. They are often physically attached to it. Product requisites like coatings, paints, welding wires, packages, adhesives, lubricants, chemicals are often left out of product structures. All items are identified with a code. A clear text description is required as support information. Physical products include only physical objects as components: non-partable (atomic) component, e.g. bolt, integrated circuit, cardboard package box, user manual multipart component subassembly, e.g. phone receiver kit (group, no assembly process), e.g. installation accessories other material, e.g. 50 m rope, 3 l oil File: PDM_ Slide 34

35 Example of different product structures Can 1111 Rev1 Assembly Part Lid 2222 Rev1 Container 3333 Rev1 Cylinder Bottom 5555 Rev Crnkovic, Asklund, Persson Dahlqvist, Implementing and Integrating Product Data Management and Software Configuration Management Variants Cylinder small 4222 Rev1 Cylinder large Cylinder medium 4333 Rev3 Revisions Cylinder large 4444 Rev1 Cylinder large 4444 Rev2 Cylinder large 4444 Rev3 File: PDM_ Slide 35

36 Documents and product structures Documents are linked to products: Product - parts list, assembly drawing Often this link is built into the identification system Product - other manufacturing documents Assembly instructions Test instructions Product specifications etc. Product - deliverable documents deliverable documents are items in product structure File: PDM_ Slide 36

37 References In addition to document links other type of items can be attached to product structures Product - jigs, fixtures Product - tools Product - embedded software Product - NC software File: PDM_ Slide 37

38 Product structure links 1 Quality 2 Attributes 3 Materials 4 Process Phone Receiver Assembly drawing and BOM Test Data Analysis Report Marketing Definition File: PDM_ Slide 38

39 Revisions 1 Quality 2 Attributes 3 Materials 4 Process Revision A 1 Quality 2 Attributes 3 Materials 4 Process Revision A Revision B Phone Receiver Assembly drawing and BOM Revision A Test Data Revision A Revision A Revision B Revision A Revision A Revision B Analysis Report Revision A Marketing Definition File: PDM_ Slide 39

40 Modelling concepts File: PDM_ Slide 40

41 Structure management Structure creation/maintenance Part-to-part-to-document relationships (BOM +) Abstract structure relationships Product individual relationships Structure variations Revisions, variants, options, and effectivities Multiple product structure views Structure integration Configuration control via change processes BOM synchronisation with MRP, CAD,... Analysis tools (cost roll-ups,...) Structure browse/reporting File: PDM_ Slide 41

42 Workflow management Defined and automated workflow/processes By project, status level, product type,... Sequential, parallel, conditional steps Voting rules and time-outs Folder/package maintenance Notification and distribution Audit processes and actions triggers Process browse/reporting Only for stable processes Change management Document approvals etc File: PDM_ Slide 42

43 Change process phases Change request (ECR, Engineering Change Request) Internal and external product claims and messages Change proposal (ECP) Consolidation of change requests Evaluation of change effects Change order (ECO) Decided change actions Change follow-up Registration of accomplished actions File: PDM_ Slide 43

44 Utility functions Communications, Data transport Data translation Viewing and annotation Image services Administration System security control System management Password management File: PDM_ Slide 44 Data security services data redundancy, disk mirroring fault tolerant disks, RAIDtechnology (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) automatic back-ups data encryption Authentication services Authorisation services viewing authorisation change authorisation (approvals, document creation and changes, etc.)

45 PDM system architecture Application User CAD/CAM, NC, Purchasing Documentation, Etc. Private Files CAD PDM User Multiple Applications control data Meta-Database data Object: Document Date: 1/1/95 Project: Motor Part #: A Revision: 2.3A Document #: File: A:\PDM\doc\motor\... Application: MS-Word 6.0 data Intranet WEB server Managed Files WEB User PDM Server File: PDM_ Slide 45

46 PDM Functions Data Vault and Document Management SPEC 3D Drawings/Documents NC Generally supported Product Structure Management Major focus of current developments Workflow and Process Management ECO ECO Classification & Retrieval Screw Some support, independents establishing market Program Management Little support + Support utilities As PDM becomes implemented across different industry sectors, functional priorities change. partno Length axy mm zvy mm dgf mm File: PDM_ Slide 46

47 PDM system selection and implementation Project definition Evaluation of the current status System scope definition Prioritised requirements/ feature summary / configuration plan Short list selection evaluation Request for proposals Demonstration / benchmark requirements File: PDM_ Slide 47 Demonstration / benchmark Evaluation Reference visit agenda Reference visit evaluation Proposal evaluation Pilot project definition Pilot project implementation log Pilot project analysis (vs. benefit targets) Final evaluation summary and report

48 PDM Summary Organisations which do not take PDM seriously will face difficulties The following factors increase PDM importance: organisation size internationality product complexity number of product variants PDM system implementation without management support becomes a failure File: PDM_ Slide 48