Illinois Tollway: Development of Incident Management Based Performance Measures. Jeff Hochmuth, PE, PTOE Wilbur Smith Associates

Transcription

1 Illinois Tollway: Development of Incident Management Based Performance Measures Jeff Hochmuth, PE, PTOE Wilbur Smith Associates

2 Tollways and Data Toll authorities have always been data heavy Need to verify revenue Customer focus Started at toll booths Manual at first Early adopters of technology Increased in recent years with electronic tolling

3 Intelligent Transportation Systems ITS has been in use in urban areas for five decades Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles DOT sensors on expressways Toll authorities varied in initial applications for traveler information Some embraced traffic management as a service Others did not Currently, most toll authorities have some form of real time traffic information

4 Computer Aided Dispatch CAD has been in use in selected areas for almost five decades Most early applications were for emergency services Currently, most dispatch centers of a reasonable size have been using CAD for years

5 The Question

6 Initial Answer To create new reports related to operations and safety management that would allow for easy development of answers Some reports would be produced on a regular basis Others could be produced on an ad hoc basis as needed Additional applications may be determined as the reports gain greater use.

7 The Illinois Tollway Existing Reports Average Travel Time Index Planning Index Buffer Index Percent Congested VMT Average Daily Delay Total Delay Monthly Crash Report Equivalent Single Axel Loads Average Vehicle Weights ISTHA Roadway Performance Measures for October 2009 Weekdays PM Peak Period (4 to 7 p.m.) WEEKDAY PLANNING & BUFFER INDEX FOR TYPICAL TOLLWAY TRIPS-OCTOBER 2009 PEAK PLANNING BUFFER INDEX MEAN TRAVEL TYPICAL TOLLWAY TRIPS DIRECTION PERIOD INDEX (%) TIME (MIN) Jane Addams Memorial Tollway AM Peak Elgin to O'Hare EB Average Daily PM Peak Delay per 1,000 VMT Average Percent Total Delay per Average Daily AM Peak Delay (Excluding Delay over O'Hare to Elgin WB Travel Time Congested (Excluding Delay over 1 Standard Deviation) Tollway Section Total Delay 1,000 VMT PM Peak (vehicle-hours/ Index VMT (vehicle-hours) 1 Standard Deviation) (vehicle-hours/ 1,000 VMT) Tri-State Tollway (vehicle-hours) 1,000 VMT) AM Peak Waukegan Plaza to Edens Spur SB E/N W/S E/N W/S E/N W/S E/N W/S E/N W/S E/N W/S PM Peak Jane Addams Memorial (Eastern) % 92% 164 2, , AM Peak Edens Spur to Waukegan Plaza NB PM Peak Tri-State (Northern) % 80% 2, Tri-State (North-Central) % 97% 1,438 1, AM Peak Edens Spur to Cermak Road Plaza SB PM Peak Tri-State (South-Central) % 100% 638 2, , AM Peak Cermak Road Plaza to Edens Spur NB Tri-State (Southern) % 53% PM Peak Urban Ronald Reagan Memorial (Eastern) % 78% AM Peak Cermak Road Plaza to 83rd Street Plaza SB Veterans Memorial (Northern) % 93% 48 1, PM Peak AM Peak rd Street Plaza to Cermak Road Plaza NB Veterans Memorial (Central) % 80% 61 1, PM Peak Veterans Memorial (Southern) % 33% Ronald Reagan Memorial Tollway Urban Total % 17, , AM Peak Jane Addams Memorial (Western) % 32% Aurora Plaza to York Road Plaza EB PM Peak Rural Ronald Reagan Memorial (Western) % 1% AM Peak York Road Plaza to Aurora Plaza WB PM Peak Rural Total % System Total % 17, , Veterans Memorial Tollway AM Peak Notes: All calculations are done using actual travel times aggregated from one-minute I-Pass transaction data to the one-hour level. Free-flow travel times are based on 60 mph free-flow speed. Volumes for each hour are calculated using Army Trail Road to Boughton Plaza SB PM Peak the 2007 Traffic Data book. AM Peak Boughton Plaza to Army Trail Road Plaza NB Average Travel Time Index: The ratio of average travel time to a free-flow travel time. PM Peak Percent Congested VMT: The ratio of congested vehicle-miles-traveled to total vehicle-miles-traveled. Congestion is defined as any time the actual travel time is greater than the free-flow travel time. 3 Total Delay: The additional time that is incurred when actual travel times are greater than free-flow travel times. 4 VMT: Vehicle-miles-traveled, the sum of distances traveled by all motor vehicles in a specified section. 5 Excluding Delay over 1 Standard Deviation: Hours of delay greater than 1 standard deviation of the delay is not included in this calculation. Delay and standard deviation of delay is aggregated to the section/hour/direction level. Dispatch Time IM Vehicle Assist Time Response Time Incident Duration Assists by detection Method

8 Literature Search About 120 reports identified 48 relevant to the Illinois Tollway Of the 48 Identified Reports 27 already exist in some form or were quickly created 11 could be implemented very quickly (potentially days or up to one month to implement) 10 require some development and longer term design Many are differentiated simply by the level of automation

9 Recent Report Additions Departure from Normal Speeds (MPH), Aug. 27 vs. Typical Aug Weekday Profile -Primary Incident -Other Incident -Secondary Incident RM TS VM System 40% 20% 0% Return to Normal Conditions Archer Distance along Tollway from CCTV Camera (miles) PM 11 P M 8 PM 10 P M 7 PM 6 PM 5 PM 4 PM 3 PM 2 PM 1 PM 12 P M 11 A M 10 A M 9 AM C ro s s S tree t Ogden 8 AM 7 AM 6 AM 5 AM 4 AM 3 AM 2 AM 1 AM 12 A M JA 60% to +30 Queue Propagation Time of Day 80% 1-10 to +10 South 100% to th Street Location of MCR Crashes in Relation to CCTV Cameras (June 2008 to May 2009) 0-50 to -30 F lo w o f T ra ffic L o c a tio n Frequency of Congestion Secondary Crashes Version 1 Percent Centerline Miles Managed Incident Relation to ITS Devices ISP Speed Report Sensor Quality Check C u m m u la tiv e P e rc e n t o f M C R C ra s h e s -70 to -50 North

10 Secondary Crashes Applied simple rule Within one mile upstream of a crash Within one hour of the previous crash 2-3% of Total Crashes Departure from Normal Speeds (MPH), Aug. 27 vs. Typical Aug Weekday Profile -Primary Incident -Other Incident -Secondary Incident -70 to to to to to +30 North Location Ogden Archer 95th Street 12 AM 1 AM 2 AM 3 AM 4 AM 5 AM 6 AM 7 AM 8 AM 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM 12 PM 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM 4 PM Flow of Traffic 5 PM 6 PM 7 PM 8 PM 9 PM 10 PM 11 PM Queue Propagation Return to Normal Conditions Cross Street South Time of Day

11 Incident Relation to CCTV Location of MCR Crashes in Relation to CCTV Cameras (June 2008 to May 2009) JA RM TS VM System 100% Cummulative Percent of MCR Crashes 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Distance along Tollway from CCTV Camera (miles)

12 The Short Term Fuel Savings due to incident management Air Quality Improvements from Accelerated Construction Recurring Vs. Non-Recurring Congestion Detection to Broadcast Time DMS Audience Impact of Winter Storms

13 What is Normal? Many of the performance measures require a comparison to normal Exhaustive literature search resulted in no national definition of normal Illinois Tollway decided to use speed curves

14 Recurring Vs. Non-Recurring Congestion Frequency (example) Calculate total congestion times using daily and seasonal speed curves when the seasonal curve is below free flow speed Calculate excessive daily congestion (assumed to be incidents) When congested, when that day s speed is worse than normal -1 standard deviation Difference is Recurring Calculate relative values or percentages Southbound Northbound Direction Segment Percent of Total Time Recurring* and Non-Recurring Congestion** for Veterans Memorial Tollway (Summer 2008) % of Total Time Congested Summer 2008 % of Total Time Recurring Congestion % of Total Time Non-Recurring Congestion Interstate 80 to Southwest Hwy (US 6) 3% 0% 3% Southwest Hwy (US 6) to 159th Street (IL 7) 16% 15% 0% 159th Street (US 6) to Archer Avenue (IL 171) 16% 16% 0% Archer Avenue (IL 171) to 127th Street 0% 0% 0% 127th Street to Interstate 55 31% 31% 0% Boughton Road to 75th Street 100% 88% 12% 75th Street to 63rd Street 66% 54% 13% 63rd Street to Maple Avenue 60% 47% 13% Maple Avenue to Ogden Avenue (US 34) 94% 81% 13% Ogden Avenue (US 34) to Reagan Memorial Twy (I-88) W Int 80% 70% 10% Reagan Memorial Twy (I-88) W Int to Reagan Memorial Twy (I-88) E Int 42% 30% 12% Reagan Memorial Twy (I-88) E Int to Butterfield Rd (IL 56) 70% 64% 5% Butterfield Rd (IL 56) to Roosevelt Road (IL 38) 33% 22% 11% Roosevelt Road (IL 38) to North Avenue (IL 64) 8% 4% 3% North Avenue (IL 64) to Army Trail Road 2% 1% 2% Average 41% 35% 7% Army Trail Road to North Avenue (IL 64) 24% 17% 7% North Avenue (IL 64) to Roosevelt Road (IL 38) 99% 98% 2% Roosevelt Road (IL 38) to Butterfield Rd (IL 56) 27% 16% 10% Butterfield Rd (IL 56) to Reagan Memorial Twy (I-88) E Int 73% 58% 15% Reagan Memorial Twy (I-88) E Int to Reagan Memorial Twy (I-88) W Int 74% 58% 16% Reagan Memorial Twy (I-88) W Int to Ogden Avenue (US 34) 64% 53% 11% Ogden Avenue (US 34) to Maple Avenue 51% 39% 12% Maple Avenue to 63rd Street 12% 8% 4% 63rd Street to 75th Street 14% 5% 9% 75th Street to Boughton Road 99% 84% 15% Interstate 55 to 127th Street 60% 56% 4% 127th Street to Archer Avenue (IL 171) 4% 1% 4% Archer Avenue (IL 171) to 159th Street (US 6) 1% 1% 0% 159th Street (IL 7) to Southwest Hwy (US 6) 16% 16% 0% Southwest Hwy (US 6) to Interstate 80 33% 23% 10% Average 44% 36% 8% Both Directions Average 42% 35% 7% *Recurring congestion is any time the measured speed is less than assumed free flow speed of 60 mph but greater than seasonal average minus one standard deviation. **Non-recurring congestion is as any time the measured speed is both less than assumed free flow speed of 60 mph and also less than the seasonal average speed minus one standard deviation. Recurring vs. Non-Recurring Congestion Times Summary Determine what percentage of congestion is recurring (e.g. demand-related) and what percentage is non-recurring (e.g. incident-related) Detailed Description For each time period determine if the speed is below free flow speed (60 mph). This is congested time. If the speed is below 1 standard deviation under the seasonal average speed, it is nonrecurring congestion. The difference between the two is recurring congestion. Data Requirements Daily speed profiles Seasonal speed profiles Frequency of Report Quarterly Geographic Detail Segment to system-wide Current estimated time to create report 1 day Current estimated time to populate the report 1 week Estimated level of effort to automate Low

15 The Long Term Many reports require significant software upgrades and modifications Many reports require validation of the speed curves Vehicle Hours of Delay due to Incidents Freight time saved Secondary Crashes Version 2 Return to Normal Conditions Time Percent incidents with Minimal Impact

16 Secondary Crashes Version 2 Computationally heavy Version 2 looks at each incident Need time/date/location of incidents (CAD) Look at daily curve to see if there was any delay beyond seasonal average If yes, may need to check upstream (and downstream?) Look for other crashes in the delay space/time

17 Return to Normal Conditions Computationally heavy Look at each incident Need time/date/location of incidents (CAD) Look at daily curve to see if there was any delay beyond seasonal average If yes, may need to check upstream Determine time to when curve returns to seasonal average

18 Conclusions The Illinois Tollway will continue to use performance measures To aid in operations To support ongoing activities For better planning Software upgrades will be programmed as funding and timing allows ITS devices and CAD will continue to grow

19 Questions Jeff Hochmuth Wilbur Smith Associates x113