Climate Change. Andrew Tucker. London Climate Change Partnership Manager Greater London Authority

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1 Climate Change Andrew Tucker London Climate Change Partnership Manager Greater London Authority

2 How is London vulnerable to Climate Change? Flooding Water resources Overheating Subsidence and Heave Wind storms Global climate events Climate Change is an Economic and Social problem.

3 London Facts & Figures Flooding Water Resources Overheating 1 inch of intense rainfall shutdown London s five mainline rain stations. 12 London Boroughs flooded summer people died in London from heat related effects in the August 2003 heatwave. The West End of London blacked out in August 2006 heat due to businesses turning on their air-conditioning units. London & South East Drought summer 2006 Value of land & property in the Thames flood risk area is estimated at 80billion. London is a world financial city. Vulnerable to global impacts of climate change.

4 London s Flood Map Approx. 140,000 Londoners living in areas of significant flood risk (greater than 1 in 75). (EA) Approx. 190,000 properties at risk in Thames area (ABI).

5 Water Resources Londoners uses more than UK avg. Approx. 155L/day. London receives less per capita rain than Dallas, Rome or Istanbul. Climate change will worse London s water balance. Reduce groundwater recharge & river flows Less water available during summer, but demand will increase. Identifying Areas of Water Stress, EA

6 London s Urban Heat Island

7 Hot in the City 600 people died in the August 2003 heatwave. London had highest numbers of deaths for any UK region. London s Urban Heat Island means inner London can be up to 9 C warmer than the greenbelt. Further development may intensity the heat island effect.

8 New Chapter 4A specifically on tackling climate change The London Plan Policy 4A.15 The Mayor will and boroughs should in their DPDs require developments to make the fullest contribution to the mitigation of and adaptation to climate change and, in particular to:.adopt sustainable design and construction measures (Policy 4A.2). Policy 4A.2i Sustainable design and construction Require GLA Family and Boroughs to ensure the highest possible standards of SDC, with particular emphasis on managing overheating, effective and sustainable use of water, managing flood risk, and avoiding the creation of adverse local climate conditions Policy 4A.9 Adaptation - minimising overheating and contribution to heat island effect - minimising solar gain in summer - contributing to reducing flood risk

9 The London Plan Policy 4A.5iv Overheating encourage development that avoids internal overheating optimising solar gain Policy 4A.5vi Flood risk management Requires set back development from flood defences ensure that development does not undermine or breach flood defences in any way Policy 4A.5vii Drainage hierarchy Encourages capture and storage of water for use Discourages release to combined sewer Policy 4A.11 Efficient use of water Highlights policy direction in the Mayor s Water Strategy Alignment with CSH Level 3 target of 105l/pp/d

10 Developing London s s Adaptation Strategy Map risk baseline for each impact : Map probability, consequence and vulnerability Determine who and what is at risk and their strategic significance Identify risk hot spots Assess how risk changes in the future : Determine quantitatively / qualitatively how the risk changes Identify risk management options Use risk management hierarchy Options for decision pathways Identify actions to enable preferred options Mayor deliverable vs partnership deliverable Risk Hierarchy PREVENT PREPARE RESPOND RECOVER

11 London Climate Change Partnership The LCCP is a stakeholder group, coordinated by the Greater London Authority, consisting of over 30 key organisations, with representation from national, regional and local government, the Environment Agency, UK Climate Impacts Programme, emergency services, residential and commercial developers, transport providers, financial institutions, and the health, utility, voluntary sectors.

12 Chair & Manager Greater London Authority Government Office for London London Development Agency Environment Agency Dept of Health Transport for London London Councils City of London ThamesWater Lloyds Housing Corporation Sustainable Homes UKCIP Met Office Association of British Insurers LsX KPMG LCCP Steering Group

13 London s s Warming: The Impacts of Climate Change on London Launched in First step in understanding climate change impacts on London. Key messages and future climate prediction (UKCIP02). Climate Change and London s s Transport Systems Launched in Summary & Technical Reports - Four future impacts on London s Transport Systems Tidal & river flood risk and London Thames Gateway Possible consequences for London Infrastructure damage and station closure by local flooding Possible adaptation options for London Infrastructure damage in hot weather Summary of climate change impacts for all London s stakeholder sectors Passenger comfort on the Underground

14 Adapting to Climate Change: Business as Usual Adapting to Climate Change: Lessons for London Highlights primary climate change adaptation risks and opportunities for London s Financial Service Sectors Launched in Focus on Adaptation for: Flooding Poses questions for financial leaders of the Insurance, Banking, Pension, Fund Manager, Infrastructure & Utilities sectors. High Temperatures Limited Water Resources Adaptation Summary & Recommendations for Finance Sectors Catalyst for Round Table Event with Mayor, Deputy Mayor, Sir Nick Stern and heads of London Financial Community. Delivers 12 Recommendations to: - Policy & decision-makers - LCCP Stakeholders - Mayor of London - Greater London Authority - Govt. Departments - Developers - Utilities & Regulators - Specific organisations

15 A Checklist for Development A Good Practice Guide for Sustainable Communities A Case Study Companion to the Checklist for Development Launched Guidance for local planners & developers Key Issues to Consider - Location - Site Layout - Buildings - Ventilation & Cooling -Drainage - Water - Outdoor spaces - Connectivity Launched Guidance for local planners & developers Case Studies - Town Centres (Bedford) -City Centre (Wood Wharf) - Urban Extension (Queenborough & Rushenden, Isle of Sheppy) Launched Guidance for local planners and developers Highlights case study where adapting to climate impacts (heat, water shortage, flood risk) are already put into practice.

16 Existing Building Stock Our existing building stock is the largest combined carbon emitter, and the sector at greatest risk of suffering from climate change impact. London CO2 Emissions (2006) Thames Region Water Use (Feb 2007) Ground based Transport 22% Industry 7% Commercial 33% Domestic 38% Industry /Other 18% Public Water (Domestic / Commercial) 82% Source: GLA Climate Change Action Plan Source: Thames Region Licensed Abstractions (Feb 2007) How will your buildings and homes cope with heatwaves and drought, and are they at risk of flooding? Is identifying climate change impact risk and adapting your buildings, part of your organisation s action plan?

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19 What affects adaptation possibilities? Building type: age, construction Building location: varying vulnerability Tenure of occupants Financial situation

20 Retrofitting Existing Homes for a Future Climate Objectives and Outputs Detached & Semi- Detatched Options and costs for retrofitting existing housing stock for climate change adaptation. Primary adaptation devices, technologies, designs, appliances, installations and practices, costs, plus case studies. Source: Environment.gov.au Water Conservation Terrace Online resource for all adaptation designs, technologies, case studies: life cost-benefit and recommendations. High-level summary report on retrofitting existing homes Flood Risk Source: FLODEF Block Of Flats Consultants: Arup Source: Buildingsupplies.com.au Over-Heating

21 Your Home in a Changing Climate - Launch Launch event: Tuesday 26 th Feb. 130 attended Speakers: Joan Ruddock, Nicky Gavron, Penny Bramwell, Jennifer Schooling, Kate Symons, Alan Benson, Graham Tubb, Sir Crispin Tickell. Survey Responses Receiving feedback/enquiries from Local Authorities (Sutton, LBBD, Brent, Islington)

22 Retrofitting homes for climate change impacts Flooding Overheating Water stress House Flat Block of Flats

23 Case Study: Flooding HOUSE Resilience Boiler, Electrics: Relocate above flood level Flooring: Replace carpets with hard flooring Flooring: Replace chipboard with hard timber Doors: Replace hinges with rising hinges for easy removal Soft Furnishings: Place vulnerable items in dry-bags Appliances: Raise above flood level on plinths Resilience measures reduce the time and cost of recovering from a flood. Each measure is individually valuable, with cumulative effects They can be incorporated into planned refurbishment or retrofit Total cost, including installation: 5195 Estimated saving in a high level flood Pay back times: 1 event for most items, longer for replacement timber floors floodforum.org.uk Input from Flood Protection Association, Environment Agency, ABI. Published data from Norwich Union

24 Case Study: Flooding HOUSE - Resistance Drains: Fit non-return valves on main drains Barriers: Temporary door guards on front, back and patio doors Doors: Raise thresholds Air Brick Covers: Reusable air brick covers Walls: Seal gaps around pipes, cables, doors, windows Resistance measures reduce the amount of water entering the home. All potential entry point must be identified and blocked. Resistance measures should be limited to maximum 0.9m Total cost, including installation: Estimated max. saving in a low level flood 4500 Estimated max. saving in a high level flood Pay back times: 2 low level floods, 0.5 high level floods Input from Flood Protection Association, Environment Agency, ABI. Published data from Norwich Union

25 Case Study: Water Stress HOUSE Shower: replace with low flow shower Toilet: replace with ultra low flush toilet Taps: fit new low flow taps in bathroom, adapters in kitchen, (also eliminates dripping) White goods: purchase new water efficient dishwasher and washing machine Garden watering: Source from water butt rather than mains hose Car washing: Use bucket instead of hose Challis water saving products Tap Magic Total cost, including installation: ~ 1400 (white goods = 750) Potential annual water saving for family of 5: 150,000 L Pay back times: 0-5 years for most items, longer for white goods Hot water carbon savings Saving hot water saves the householder energy, money and carbon. For the house case study, low flow shower saves 1700kWh, 700kg CO2, 150 per year

26 Overheating Internal Heat Gains Switch off electrical appliances Solar Heat Gain Through Windows - Shading Through Fabric Insulation Cool Air Air Movement Night Purge Ventilation Thermal Mass Air Conditioning

27 Case Study: Overheating Use existing internal shading Natural Ventilation (opening windows) Enhance air movement: ceiling or desk fans in all rooms External Solar Control: Awning (S+W facing) Floor coverings: replace carpets with wooden floor in living room Increase Wall Reflectivity (paint / coatings) (professional) Improve Roof Insulation Standard (professional) Cavity Wall Insulation Replacement Double Glazing, with low-e coatings, suitable for natural ventilation FREE FREE ~ 300 ~ 1,700 ~ 2,100 ~ 3,700 ~ 2,200 ~ 1,000 ~ 5,000 Total cost, including winter warmth: 16,000 Total cost, overheating measures only: 7,800

28 Living room: July CIBSE Comfort temperature = 25C CIBSE overheating temperature = 28C C < T < 28 C T > 28 C % occupied hours Control Adapted 2050s Control 2050s Adapted

29 Living room: cooling degree hours Cooling Degree Hours Air Conditioning kwh 0 Control Adapted Air Con 2050s Control 2050s Adapted 2050s Air Con -100

30 Summary Existing homes can be adapted to significantly improve their resilience to flood risk, water stress and overheating These measures are cost-effective Many can be incorporated into planned retrofit or refurbishment work Winter insulation helps keep homes cool in summer Each home is different, and so needs to be assessed individually Strong leadership and coordination is essential to catalyse action

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33 DIY Planet Repairs and Mayor s insulation campaign

34 LCCP Current/Future Outputs Incentives for delivering Adaptation into Homes and Businesses (International case studies. Recommendations for London) Local Climate Impacts Profile (LCLIP) - London Finance & Transport research

35 Key Adaptation Actions Local Authorities and Organisations 1. Ensure your own Buildings and Operations are exemplars Get your house in order 2. Mainstream an awareness of climate risks through LCLIP encouraging Borough Departments to review UKCIP climate scenarios and identify principal climate risks 3. Develop an Adaptation Strategy & Action Plan 4. Undertake an SFRA (ensure emergency planners and services are engaged) 5. Ensure that the Community Risk Register identifies and appropriately weights climate risks 6. Require development proposals to demonstrate how new development will remain cool in future summers 7. Require water efficient fixtures and fittings in Decent Homes upgrades Retrofitting!!!!!!

36 Procurement The Sustainable Procurement Task Force report Procuring the Future (2006). Government construction, buildings, maintenance and roads totaled 22.3bn ( ). No adaptation to future climate risk Issues such as energy and water are often covered well, however climate change adaptation is largely overlooked. Need to embed climate change adaptation into all procurement decisions. Estate strategies and lease agreements; Capital expenditure plans; Construction projects for new build and refurbishments; and Facilities management, buildings and ground maintenance.

37 UKCIP08 Workshop London Region

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40 Addressing Climate Change Impacts We must design and build for a future climate, not our past climate. Our homes and commercial property must be designed and built to suit the climate impacts that it will experience over its lifetime. Essential to embed climate change into your thinking, decision-making and long-term business plans. Retrofitting and Refurbishment. We must identify the economic risk and opportunity for adaptation options. Climate Change Adaptation - Things to address: Location Site Layout Building Structure & Materials Ventilation & Cooling Drainage Drainage Water Usage Outdoor Spaces (multi-functionality) Connectivity (Source: LCCP Adapting to Climate Change: A Checklist for Development)

41 ..a simple message Climate Change Adaptation doesn t actually require revolutionary thinking, massive additional costs, unproven technologies or lowering our quality of life. In most cases, an adaptation is a common sense sustainability and business improvement. In many cases we don t actually need a changing climate to require an adaptation change. Climate Change simply accelerates the need to improve our sustainability and increases the impacts and cost of not adapting.

42 Thank You