Team Work as a Competitive Advantage. Nira Adler, Ph.D

Transcription

1 Team Work as a Competitive Advantage Nira Adler, Ph.D

2 Agenda Introduction Background: The 9 Types The 9 Types in Team Work

3 The 9 Types at Work

4 Concepts The Enneagram a Greek name The 9 Types model A comprehensive description of 9 work styles distinguished by their thought patterns, feelings, basic beliefs and behaviors Based on modern & ancient psychology

5 Each One Of Us is Unique Each one of us has ALL the nine types but We tend to operate more often from the prism of a specific type

6 Type is a Habit This model is about setting you free from some habits (your type) and NOT about nailing you on a single point of view

7 Beyond Type Type = False self Essence = Awareness separate from type The true self/inner observer = Key for Leadership & EQ development

8 A Unifying Model Enabling deep understanding of global diversity; communicate beyond the masks that cultures create Tool for leadership; working globally; cross cultural sensitivity

9 Universities that Teach the Enneagram (According to IEA) Stanford University Business School Columbia Business School Loyola University (Chicago) John F Kennedy University California School of Professional Psychology University of California Manchester Business School (UK) University of Sydney

10 US Organizations that Use the Enneagram (According to IEA) High-Tech: Apple Computer, Cisco, Hewlett Packard, Lucent Technologies, Motorola, Philips Electronics, Sony, Toyota, Sun Microsystem, Silicon Graphics Service Providers: Prudential, Kaiser Permanente Aviation and Tourism: KLM, Marriott Commodities: Reebok, Kodak, Johnson & Johnson Government: CIA, US Postal Service, The Federal Reserve Bank

11 Ethics for Using the Enneagram 1. First and foremost, know yourself 2. Be open to accepting the differences in people and don t criticize 3. When something causes you to react in a negative way, look in your type for the key to understanding your reaction 4. Prevent stereotyping 5. Choose relationships based on sincerity and the honest desire to grow as a person, not according to type, as the Enneagram is meant to free and not to restrain 6. The Enneagram is a model for revealing oneself permit this to yourself and others

12 Description of the Model The model has 5 main components 1. 3 centers of intelligence 2. The 9 types and the grounds for each type 3. Stress and security (functioning in stressful situations and security) 4. Wings neighboring points 5. Subtypes - Provides information about our defense mechanisms and the relationships between the different types

13 Type 1: The הפרפקציוניסט\ Perfectionist Focus: Doing the "right" thing precisely, high standards and demands from oneself and others Characteristics Works hard, reveals devotion and responsibly Criticizes and judges Credibility, integrity, ethics, discipline, courtesy and honor Focus on quality, getting down to details, methodical supervision Needs to be right Lacks patience, gets angry Getting down to details can come on the account of a broad view Respects hierarchy and authority

14 Type 1: The הפרפקציוניסט\ Perfectionist Preferred work environment: clear rules, changes are difficult to deal with, orderly, defined, clear, obligating Challenging work environment: rules of the game change regularly and decisions are made on the basis of partial information Strengths: personal improvement and improving the environment, high standards, values, and responsibilities Weaknesses: critical and judgmental, trouble finding the balance between striving for wholeness with staying on schedule and recognizing others' needs, difficulty identifying and recognizing one's mistakes

15 העוזר\ Helper Type 2: The Focus: relationships with people, to be helpful and meaningful to others Characteristics Relationship-oriented Friendly interactions with others Being helpful to others; ability to adjust himself to others' priorities and approaches; Abstains from direct communication of his needs Enthusiastic Can react emotionally to different situations Highly sensitive to reinforcement; difficultly with criticism Relies on authority figures for support, sometimes an unrecognized conflict between the will to lead and the will to satisfy Good ability to support others and thus encourage effectiveness and productivity

16 העוזר\ Helper Type 2: The Preferred work environment: Work includes meaningful human interaction Challenging work environment: Work separates him/her from others Strengths: Empathy and support of others, ability to bring out the good in others, strong ability to harmonize different types of people Weaknesses: Needs to be careful not to focus excessively on work relationships which can harm his functioning and arouse unnecessary emotional responses. Difficulty in receiving feedback without taking it too personally, excess help from others

17 הביצועיסט\ Performer Type 3: Focus: Being and being perceived as successful at work Characteristics Competitive, desire to succeed & be the best Fear of failure; tactics to prevent failure Works hard, focuses on a task, able to bring tasks to completion Focus on efficiency and fast pace Lacks patience for delays in assignments or achieving goals Adapts and molds himself to the environment Preoccupied with self-image, ability to project a suitable image in order to gain acceptance Faith in the image he has created

18 הביצועיסט\ Performer Type 3: Preferred work environment: quickly managed, competitive, encourages initiative, hard work and where success is rewarded. This environment suits his self-perception Challenging work environment: Work with periods of down-time, low-profile work, lack of influence in decision making Strengths: Ambitiousness, enthusiasm, ability to focus on a goal and dedication to achieving it Weaknesses: Workaholic, likely to create an image that changes, goals are likely to appear more important than people

19 Focus: Autonomy, meaning in one's actions, creativity, feeling that something is always missing Characteristics Unique work that allows self-expression Feel appreciated for ones personal vision and ideas Relationship-oriented; mixed with feelings that something is missing Need to be emotionally involved in work Challenges others to invest their maximum effort Need to understand meaning and motivations Critical thinking Importance of aestheticism Type 4: The האינדיבידואליסט\ Individualist Bored with routine work and abstain from "common" work Fluctuating emotional moods; difficulty in emotional adjustment can harm execution of task

20 Type 4: The האינדיבידואליסט\ Individualist Preferred work environment: Work that allows for and requires personal expression and creativity, an environment with heart and soul Challenging work environment: Inflexible environment that lacks a personal touch, routine and repetitive work Strengths: Ability to understand others and their feelings and to stay strong when the going gets tough, courage, sense of aesthetics, chutzpa, ability to arrive at the depth of things Weaknesses: Tendency to be moody, difficult to please, feeling that others aren't good enough, always in need of more

21 הצופה\ Observer Type 5: The Focus: unique knowledge & protection from invasiveness of others (especially emotional) Characteristics Knowledgeable, strategist, visionary and theorist, systemic view Independent thinking, non-biased perception of things and a cool disposition during times of crises Observer, independence, privacy and personal breadth Abstaining emotional interpersonal conflicts Saves time, effort, and money Might to be perceived as cold and restrained Scientific approach; might miss consideration for personal needs Might tend to limit work relationships, shared action, and teambuilding

22 הצופה\ Observer Type 5: The Preferred work environment: Work in which there's time to think, little need for inter-personal interaction, rules or limitations Challenging work environment: Aggressive, fast paced, very interpersonal, environment requires expression of strong emotions without time to think Strengths: Possesses great knowledge, learns, thinks, "keeps his cool" in crises, intelligent, analyzes, perceptive, courteous, objective, gets excited about ideas that he comes to on his own, ability to motivate himself and to initiate Weaknesses: The need for privacy is likely to cause others to feel rejected, and to perceive his attitude as intellectual supremacy, coldness, and sarcasm

23 פותר Solver\ Type 6: The Problem בעיות Focus: Thinking a few steps ahead, anticipating what's coming (especially risks) and uncertainty Characteristics Analytical, strategic thinking before action, expect problems and plan solutions Focus on the truth in things Courage, strength and discipline when working for goals in which one believes Loyal and dedicated to friends and colleagues; team player; pays a lot of attention to authority issues Functions better when framework and assignments are clear Difficulty with vague situations and changing rules Too adaptive or too rebellious, or fluctuate between the two Focus on risks can postpone the completion of assignments

24 פותר Solver\ Type 6: The Problem בעיות Preferred work environment: Clear explanation of authority and problems. Work in which there is an appreciation for honestly and for asking difficult questions Challenging work environment: Instruction is vague and thus many become involved and discuss behind the scenes Strengths: Loyal to those who are trustworthy, protects his team, tends to be honest, discreet, sacrifices himself, will fight for goals Weaknesses: Skeptical, suspicious, sense of threat can lead to emotional paralysis or aggression

25 בעל החזון\ Visionary Type 7: The Focus: Opportunities, interesting ideas and experiences, future, systematic and innovative vision Characteristic Energetic, imaginative and creative, thinks ahead, keeps future options open Involved in many diverse topics & doesn't like routine Optimist and enjoys life; desires to avoid life difficulty Encourage and inspires others Make connections between ideas and approaches Advance quickly without completely examining new material Focuses on opportunities; might miss identifying risks Difficulty in maintaining concentration & completing tasks Difficulty in maintaining obligations and responsibilities Rationalize when dealing with problems

26 בעל החזון\ Visionary Type 7: The Preferred work environment: Creative, flexible, informal, interactive. A feeling of adventure, aim to conquer, quick pace, with rapidly changing information Challenging work environment: Bureaucracy, routine, feeling that the future is clear and there's nothing to do to make it more interesting, repetitive work without any stimulus Strengths: Forward thinking, plans for positive results, sees problems as opportunities. Inspire, motivate and sell ideas. Initiate new business (entrepreneur) Weaknesses: When busy with personal affairs it may seem that he doesn't care about work. Difficulty to complete what he starts. Stimulated with low concentration

27 האסרטיבי\ Assertive Type 8: The Focus: To be strong, to be a leader, faith in my truth Characteristics Work hard, goal oriented Strong need for control Fights for ones beliefs, not intimidated by obstacles or conflicts; likely to deny ones disabilities and limitations Importance of autonomy Generous & protective of friends Can be too dominant; sometimes too aggressive and confrontational Avoid situations that expose weakness and vulnerability Lack of patience in hesitancy or in opinions different from ones own Might bring too much power to situations Critical

28 האסרטיבי\ Assertive Type 8: The Preferred work environment: Competitive environment in which there is a positive experience to channel energies. A risk-taker, involved, need to influence Challenging work environment: Formal, quiet, diplomatic, shares power Strengths: Courage, persistence, takes responsibility, powerful. Energetic, fighter, direct, doesn't put on a face what you see if what you get, Others feel his force Weaknesses: Conflicts, sometimes too strong of a presence and intrusive, domineering, overbearing, being overly sensitive to others can create a blind spot

29 Focus: The big picture, integration, containing diverse opinions and connecting them Characteristics המפשר\ Mediator Type 9: The Stable and comfortable temperament Comprehends complex situations When connected to his preferences is able to fight for ones beliefs Able to connect with a wide variety of people, Conciliator Open to different points of view and suggests possible connections Handle difficulties and complicated situations with endurance Avoid conflicts; place great importance to harmony Difficulty making changes and decisions; in particular those that can harm others and create interpersonal problems Might not be aware of ones anger; avoidance or passive-anger; leaves others with uncertainty about his true feelings

30 המפשר\ Mediator Type 9: The Preferred work environment: Work that requires grasping the "big picture" and takes into account a variety of standpoints. Environment in which there is mutual support between colleagues, little conflict Challenging work environment: Fast-paced environment, authoritative, pressure, little time for communication or interacting with others Strengths: Ability to suit the needs of different people, compromise and receive. Ability to take the good from others. Empathy, stable, warm, modest Weaknesses: Stubbornness accompanied by passive anger, tries too hard to suit others, resists change, too much hesitancy, set in his habits and in the familiar and comfortable track

31 Relationship Roles in Teams Common Relationship Roles 1. Suggesting norms 2. Encouraging participation 3. Facilitating to move the process ahead 4. Expressing feelings 5. Providing perspectives 6. Playing devil s advocates 7. Relieving tension 8. Challenging 9. Harmonizing team interactions Opposite Relationship Roles 1. Facilitating positive resolution of conflict 2. Facilitating to move the process ahead 3. Encouraging participation 4. Providing perspectives 5. Expressing feelings 6. Relieving tension 7. Playing devil s advocates 8. Harmonizing team interactions 9. Challenging