A p p r o v e d In the Board Meeting of Trustees of National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia dated 24 December 2014

Transcription

1 A p p r o v e d In the Board Meeting of Trustees of National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia dated 24 December 2014 Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Armenia National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia STRATEGIC PLAN YEREVAN

2 TABLE OF CONTENT 1. Introduction Mission of National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia Main goals and objectives of University development and directions of their implementation Goal 1: Preparation of applicants with quality knowledge for normal organization of admission in the specialties of the University Goal 2: Ensuring high-quality, modern education in line with the developments of Bologna process Goal 3: Improvement of University personnel policy and raising of training efficiency of research and educational personnel Goal 4: Upgrading of educational and research laboratories and auditoriums, creation of new ones, equipment of material and technical basis, development of infrastructures Goal 5: Use of scientific and creative potential of University in research, consulting, design works aimed at solving the economic, cultural and social problems of the country Goal 6: Sustainable development of international relations for educational and scientific and technical cooperation, ensuring a continuous recognition process of University s certificate abroad Goal 7: and improvement of effective mechanisms of student involvement in management process of the University Goal 8: Accountability of results of University activities Goal 9 Stability of financial and economic activities

3 INTRODUCTION The development of education and science and scientific and technical progress are strategic issues in the Republic of Armenia. In this context, one of the most important state and national issues is the formation of such a higher and postgraduate education system which will train professionals with knowledge base and competitive high-quality education corresponding to the requirements of modern society and economy. National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia (hereinafter referred to as University) is aimed to graduate qualified personnel in the specialties approved by the decision of RA Government, contribute to preservation and development of the Armenian School of Architecture and Construction having thousand years of traditions in Armenia. In its orientation, it is, so far, the only complex center of Armenia in the field of education and science of architecture and construction. There are professional councils in the University for defense of MS: 029- Architecture and MS: 030- Construction doctoral and PhD scientific theses. Due to activities of the professional councils a scientific atmosphere was created for conducting researches and defense of theses which ensures the reproduction of high-quality research and educational personnel. From March 2008 the College of Secondary Professional Education of National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia makes part of the University (according to No 1577N Decision of RA Government dated ) which is a unit implementing secondary professional education programs and training specialties corresponding to state educational standards. From 1958 the National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia trained and is now training specialists in architecture, construction and geodesy for foreign countries, namely France, Sweden, Russia, Georgia, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Jordan, India, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, Argentina, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Canada, Algeria, Turkey, the present CIS countries, etc. The University graduated its first foreign alumni in Many foreigners were postgraduate students, interns and doctoral candidates of the University; they defended candidate's doctoral theses. A number of University lecturers were sent on a business trip to foreign countries, namely francophone for different periods. 3

4 Currently, the cooperation contracts and agreements signed with more than 30 universities of 15 countries of the world are valid. The University is a member of International Association of 174 Construction universities of the CIS countries and regional support non-governmental organization of architectural education. The scientists of the University have repeatedly won prizes and the graduation works of alumni supervised by them won the highest winning places in international and national competitions and contests. The University diploma of the architect's qualification is recognized by the Government of France and adopted equivalent to the diploma of architect's qualification of the countries of European Community. 4

5 Mission of National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia The mission of National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia is to train professional specialists in three-degree education system meeting the international standards and requirements of labor market, to ensure a continuous education, to carry out research works and to provide services in architecture, construction, urban economy, design, information systems and related fields. NUACA carries out its mission in accordance with the goals of Strategic Plan which include the effective implementation of all University activities in all spheres providing sustainable progress to the University. 5

6 MAIN GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF UNIVERSITY DEVELOPMENT AND DIRECTIONS OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION GOAL 1 Preparation of applicants with quality knowledge for normal organization of admission in the specialties of the University Getting education is one of the fundamental human rights. Higher education is exceptional cultural and scientific wealth for individuals and society. The existing education system in the European Region reflects its cultural, social, political and economic diversity aiming to provide an opportunity for all people of the region to take full advantage of this diversity. It is important to facilitate the access of educational institutions of each country to this system. It is necessary to ensure the recognition of educational certificates, diplomas and scientific degrees received in any country of the European Region by others which will promote the academic mobility between the parties. The University is obliged to provide: - Quality education, - High-quality research work, - International recognition and reputation, - Close relations with the society, - Unity of basic education and researches, versatility and liberalization of educational methods. The relations in the field of higher and postgraduate professional education are regulated by the Constitution of the Republic of Armenia, the Law of the Republic of Armenia "On education" and other legal acts. Although the current law of the Republic of Armenia "On higher education" is considered to be sufficient, the relevant legal acts (on licensing, accreditation, quality and control) should be clarified and revised so as to ensure the role of University alumni in research, design, construction, maintenance, operation and dismantling processes of structures. On the one hand, all this will create an opportunity not only to make the profession of 6

7 quality architect and builder attractive but also to promote the full restoration of licensing system, to make the existence of the relevant professional qualification obligatory in order to work in the field (which will underline the role of University alumni during all phases of research, design, construction, operation and maintenance, conservation, dismantling of infrastructures, such as roads, gas pipelines, water mains, reservoirs, bridges, tunnels, industrial, residential, public and cultural facilities, buildings and constructions). The supervision and control mechanisms should be definitely applied throughout the chain of research, design, construction, operation and maintenance, conservation, dismantling; the rights and obligations of their definition and implementation should be performed by the specialists undergoing relevant qualification and regular trainings in the University, as well. 7

8 OBJECTIVE 1.1: Admission Planning of University, Professional Orientation - To analyze the requirements of labor market; each year - To carry out a comprehensive advertising process of professional orientation; - To establish relations with the pupils of graduation classes of RA high schools by conducting professional orientation; - To take measures for liberalization of access to the University and diverse possibilities of accesses in each year each year different levels; To organize preparatory courses; each year - To publish orientation guidelines for applicants. each year OBJECTIVE 1.2: Formation of high schools or classes with professional orientation in the University or adjacent to it - To create a chain of high schools in the University; To create classes with professional orientation in the high schools of RA Marzes; To organize the teaching of professional subjects in professional high schools or classes with the efforts of University lecturers; - To provide financial, material and technical assistance to partner schools or classes. each year each year OBJECTIVE 1.3: Ensuring the flow of foreign applicants - To carry out an active advertising campaign beyond RA each year 8

9 borders; - To cooperate with RA embassies and consulates in foreign countries; - To open representations of University in foreign each year countries, if necessary; To develop and conduct online training programs; To create affordable living conditions for foreign applicants; To promote the inflow of Armenian Diaspora to the University; - To expand the teaching resources in English-speaking, each year French-speaking and Russian-speaking specialties; To increase the number of lecturers teaching in foreign languages in the University; To organize preparatory courses for foreign applicants. each year 9

10 Progress Evaluation Indicators (On five-year basis) - Admission planning conditioned by the requirements of labor and education market (list and quantities of specialty). - Admission in 2020 against the indicator in 2015 in correspondence, supplementary and continuing education programs with 20% and more quantity. - Number of jointly implementing educational programs with the Armenian and/or foreign universities. - NUACA basic classes in RA high schools: At least 200 foreign students. - In 2015 the total number of admission in all educational programs: at least

11 GOAL 2 Ensuring high-quality, modern education in line with the developments of Bologna process The key development direction of the University remains to be the rapprochement with the principles of European Higher Education Area (hereinafter referred to as the EHEA) making the educational system of the University more relevant to the requirements of the Bologna process. It provides an ongoing maintenance of European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance developed by ENQA (European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education), improvement of credit system with appreciation of final results and reconstruction of educational programs in an internal quality assurance system. The quality of teaching and modernity of educational programs is the main guarantee of University competitiveness. The University continues to attach importance to the external assessment of effectiveness of its activities both by National Center for Professional Education Quality Assurance (NCPEQA) and by relevant international organizations. From this perspective, the University plans to undergo local accreditation process and international institutional accreditation process of educational program for at least one specialty until

12 OBJECTIVE 2.1: of contextual and structural reforms of educational programs in accordance with credit system standards - To make an enlargement of specialties based on the list of specialties corresponding to the new classifications of UNESCO approved by decision of RA Government dated 23 October 2014; To study the content and structure of educational programs of partner universities; To develop educational outcomes of specialties taking into account the requirements of labor market and the experience of leading universities in the relevant fields; To develop curriculums of enlarged specialties in accordance with credit system; 2015 March, To promote the mobility of students and graduates in the European Higher Education Area making the structure of courses in line with ECTS requirements; 2015 July, To create evaluation criteria for educational outcomes in accordance with ECTS requirements; 2015 July, To modernize the teaching methods and to improve e- learning system; To develop evaluation criteria for satisfaction with educational programs and to organize regular surveys; To regularly review the education programs; To develop and improve the opportunities for continuing education OBJECTIVE 2.2: To carry out an institutional and program accreditation of University in relevant local and international institutions - To take measures for implementation of selfassessment once every two years;

13 - To take the necessary actions to undergo accreditation; To improve the internal quality assurance policy; To develop measures for further reform of educational programs and continuous increase of education quality through analysis of external expertise results

14 Progress Evaluation Indicators (On five-year basis) - Curriculums and training programs of the existing specialties corresponding to the new classifications of UNESCO approved by decision of RA Government dated 23 October Educational programs of specialties formed with educational outcomes corresponding to the current requirements of labor market until Annual directories published for students studying in Bachelor's and Master's educational programs. - Regular studies of satisfaction of University graduates and employers of educational programs and curriculums and training programs based on these studies. - Annual compulsory evaluation results of satisfaction of University students. - Availability of risk index cards for University quality assessment and assurance. - Self-analysis of the activities of University units and educational programs in accordance with quality assurance and accreditation standards established by NCPEQA. - Institutional and program accreditation of University. 14

15 GOAL 3 Improvement of University personnel policy and raising of training efficiency of research and educational personnel Job description of a lecturer is the complex educational and research activities. Great attention should be paid to his/her methodological skills and organizational talent. The University, in turn, should provide proper social security level for the employees, develop the social background and form remuneration system promoting the work efficiency. Particular attention should be paid to the training of young specialists. From this perspective it is necessary: - To create adequate working conditions for young professionals; - To prioritize the improvement of their social situation in order to prevent the outflow of professionals; - To create conditions for conducting further education of capable, intelligent students, including organizing internships in foreign country, as well as including the specialists studied abroad and returned back in the teaching staff of the University. The improvement of training quality and increase of qualification of research and educational personnel is one of the main issues of the policy of University's research activities. - Postgraduate professional education department and faculties are involved in the training of scientific and teaching staff. - The academic mobility in the University is provided within the international programs (INFINITY-Erasmus Mundus) and cooperation agreements. The University develops the advanced foreign language teaching system of research and educational personnel of the students which promotes the further academic mobility. The University regularly invites foreign scientists and educators who deliver lectures and give master classes. 15

16 OBJECTIVE 3.1: To conduct training of teaching staff and support staff - To plan and conduct professional training courses with teaching staff and support staff; To introduce the teaching opportunities with the use of modern technologies to the educators; To invite specialists from abroad for exchange of experience; To send the educators on a business trip to abroad to participate in short-term training courses OBJECTIVE 3.2: Young staffing - To stop the current trend of aging of teaching staff and administrative staff, to create preconditions for sustainable and quality recruitment of young professionals and improvement; To improve the premium system for young scientists; To initiate and implement programs of social housing for young scientists OBJECTIVE 3.3: Improvement of training system of research and educational personnel through doctoral program, postgraduate study, applicants system and MA course - To promote the continuing education in MA course, postgraduate study, applicants system and doctoral program; To contribute to the academic mobility of undergraduates, postgraduates, applicants and doctoral candidates; To provide feedback with undergraduates,

17 postgraduates, applicants, doctoral candidates and employers; - To develop and take measures aimed at involving young specialists in teaching and research activities; To make distribution of places of postgraduate study and doctoral program taking into account the professional needs of the University. each year OBJECTIVE 3.4: Planning and recruitment of teaching, administrative and support staff - To develop a selection procedure of lecturers and administrative staff on competitive basis; To organize the teaching process on stream mode; To develop clear standards for planning of NUACA administration staff and other employees and formation of qualitative requirements presented to them; To bring the student-lecturer ratio to the optimal size based on the example of the European Universities taking into account the peculiarities of the specialties OBJECTIVE 3.5: To create an appropriate moral and psychological atmosphere, material security conditions and control mechanisms for reducing corruption risks - To develop a procedure for presenting the employees of National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia for state and departmental awards, state prizes, honorary titles of the Republic of Armenia and for awarding with University awards; To provide comfortable working conditions for each employee; To contribute to the deepening of understanding of personal and collective responsibility towards the University interest and their continuous growth;

18 - To set up a commission for corruption risk analysis and development of mitigation measures in the University involving the internal and external stakeholders; To develop and implement Anticorruption Action Plan of the University; To continuously increase the salary

19 Progress Evaluation Indicators (On five-year basis) - Balance of scientific degree holders of the main teaching staff: at least 52%. - To introduce faculty staff evaluation system. - To implement a differentiated wage approach for the employees. - Average salary of teaching staff comprising 135% of RA official average salary in Student/quantitative ratio of persons involved in the educational process: 5:1. - of Anticorruption programs in the University. - Systematic discussion of corruption cases. - Number of persons admitted to MA course: annually. - Number of persons admitted to postgraduate study and applicants' system/ doctoral program: annually. - Number of undergraduates/postgraduates, applicants studied at least one academic period abroad: annually. - Satisfaction level of undergraduates, postgraduates, applicants and employers with the quality of provided educational services: percentage. - Number of students of postgraduate study, applicants system and MA course involved in state-funded scientific topics and research works financed within foreign grant programs: annually. - The amount of internal encouragement premiums for young representatives of research and educational staff thousand AMD: annually. - Number of lecturers received Candidate's degree. - Number of lecturers received Doctor's degree. - Percentage of candidates and doctors of science under 35 in research and educational staff of the University: annually. - Number of lecturers graduated from doctoral program, postgraduate study, applicants system and MA course in the University and employed by the University: annually. 19

20 GOAL 4 Upgrading of educational and research laboratories and auditoriums, creation of new ones, equipment of material and technical basis, development of infrastructures OBJECTIVE 4.1: To establish, repair and upgrade the laboratories and auditoriums - To provide funds with the amount of 8-10% in annual budget for repairing, furnishing, upgrading the laboratories and auditoriums and providing them with modern equipment corresponding to international standards; To create 3-5 educational and research laboratories and centers with systematic use of University s own resources, as well as in collaboration with research, design and construction organizations; To develop educational literature for conducting laboratory experiments, to create auditoriums for modular-streaming teaching. each year OBJECTIVE 4.2: To create and develop infrastructures and complexes aimed at implementation of cultural, sports and social programs for teachers and students - To build and furnish halls for cultural events and sports classes in University campus; To apply discounts for socially disadvantaged students with the established procedure, to assist in providing food and affordable hostel conditions in the University; To support the lecturers in organization of rest

21 Progress Evaluation Indicators (On five-year basis) - Material and technical and laboratory bases harmonized to the European average requirements. - Usable area per student not less than 8sq/m. - Growth of usable educational area on five-year basis with the amount of 10%. - Allocations of social programs in University budget with the amount of 7%. - Planned allocations for capital construction and repair in five years with the amount of at least 8% of University budget. - Development of University hostel base. 21

22 GOAL 5 Use of scientific and creative potential of University in research, consulting, design works aimed at solving the economic, cultural and social problems of the country The priorities of University development are: Unity of scientific and educational processes, their orientation to the training of research and educational personnel; Integration of science and education in international community; Integration of science, education and innovation-production activities. In the sphere of research activities the University policy will be aimed at: Financial, personnel, infrastructural, information support of priority scientific directions; Coordination of fundamental researches and applied developments; Development of scientific-educational-innovation complexes which implies the creation of competitive programs for preparation of undergraduates and postgraduates, regularly conducting conferences, availability of professional council for defense of scientific thesis, creation of center for collective use provided for postgraduates, creation of intellectual property objects; Involvement of University teaching staff and students in research programs; Ensuring participation of University research sector, faculties and staff of chairs in national and international competitions announced for financing research programs. 22

23 OBJECTIVE 5.1: To create preconditions and promoting mechanisms for improving the quality and effectiveness of scientific researches and experimental development services - To provide participation in competitions for receiving funding; To conduct the development process of fundamental and applied researches in priority directions; To provide increase of volume of research and consulting activities, including at the expense of extra-budgetary funds; To evaluate the results of conducted researches according to international standards, modernity and applicability; To provide greater involvement of teaching staff in research activities, as well as greater involvement of postgraduates, applicants and undergraduates in research programs; To provide research orientation and direction of Master's program possibly linking the graduation works with ongoing scientific programs in the University and solution of research problems OBJECTIVE 5.2: Improvement of undergraduate and postgraduate education, increasing the academic mobility of undergraduates and postgraduates - To provide structural development process of 3rd level education based on Salzburg principles which implies structural and process changes of postgraduate and doctoral education, reforms of educational processes and improvement of organization of educational process; Permanent improvement and upgrading of educational 23

24 programs of MА course and postgraduate study in the format of ECTS European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System; To carry out activities aimed at increasing the academic mobility of undergraduates and postgraduates (in ECTS system format); To develop scientific researches as a basis for education; To create a center for collective use for postgraduate students in order to promote the postgraduate education OBJECTIVE 5.3: To develop programs for commercialization and/or introduction of scientific results - To implement research programs and projects with the involvement of public and private organizations; To develop affiliate programmes between the University and business entities; To provide funds for patenting the inventions and encouraging the inventors

25 Progress Evaluation Indicators (On five-year basis) The amount of funding from State budget for research works (annually, thousand AMD). The amount of funding for research works being implemented within the framework of international cooperation (annually, thousand AMD). The amount of funding for contract/consulting services (annually, thousand AMD). Number of publications of University scientists (annually). Number of articles published by the employees/students of the University in the scientific journals included in international rating systems (annually). Number of scientific articles, monographs, textbooks, methodological guidelines published by the lecturers, research fellows of the University (annually). Number of received intellectual property right (patents) (annually). Number of professional publications of University employees in collaboration with foreign partners (annually). Participation of research and educational personnel/students of the University in national and international conferences (annually). Number of scientific periodicals published in the University which are included in the list of periodic scientific publications acceptable for publication of the main results and provisions of RA HAC's theses. Number of candidate s/doctoral theses defended in the Professional Council for Defense of Candidate s/doctoral Theses of the University (annually). Number of Master's graduate works defended in the University (annually). Number of lecturers involved in research programs, annually. Number of all scientific publications of University students (annually). Number of student, postgraduate conferences organized in the University (annually). Number of scientific projects and programs implemented jointly with public and private organizations. 25

26 GOAL 6 Sustainable development of international relations for educational and scientific and technical cooperation, ensuring a continuous recognition process of University s certificate abroad OBJECTIVE 6.1: To expand the international educational and scientific collaborations of the University - To develop the cooperation with architectural and construction-oriented universities in RA and abroad, to organize joint conferences, student project weeks, contests; To promote and encourage the academic mobility of teaching staff and students and implementation of research works with foreign partners OBJECTIVE 6.2: To take measures for recognition of University certificate abroad - After the example of architecture profession to initiate the harmonization of curriculums, educational modules and qualifications of other professions to international standards; To take measures for evaluation of University specialties by international organizations and conducting an institutional and program accreditation OBJECTIVE 6.3: To develop programs with foreign partner universities in line with the Bologna process for re-certification and mobility - Based on the international cooperation agreements

27 signed between the Republic of Armenia and foreign countries, as well as inter-university agreements to sign implementation contracts of joint educational programs and educational modules with partner universities based on the principle of ESTE credit preservation and transfer; To organize joint supervision of theses, their defense and mutual recognition of awarded scientific degrees with partner universities of the foreign countries

28 Progress Evaluation Indicators (On five-year basis) - Number of international joint scientific and educational projects implementation, number of students and lecturers involved in these programs. - Number of active foreign partnership relations according to the current agreements. - Number of international conferences, seminars, joint student project weeks organized by the University, number of students and lecturers participated in these events. - Number of University membership in international organizations. 28

29 GOAL 7 and improvement of effective mechanisms of student involvement in management process of the University OBJECTIVE 7.1: To develop students' self-management mechanisms - To develop the possibilities of the Student Council; each year - To organize the students leisure time properly; each year - To organize regular meetings with the University leadership; - To finance the long-term programs submitted by the students; each year each year - To organize lectures devoted to self-management. each year OBJECTIVE 7.2: To provide the involvement of students in governing committees of the University - To provide in management, scientific, faculty councils of the University involving at least 25%; To include the chairman of Student Council in the rector s office staff; To appoint the chairman of Student Council as a coleader of anti-corruption commission; To give the members of Student Council an opportunity to regularly attend the semester exams of the University; - To provide free access to all University units for the 29 each year representatives of Student Council; Control of food service facility in the University; To reserve the implementation of pricing and control by the company organizing the sale of books and stationery and copying in the territory of the University to Student Council

30 OBJECTIVE 7.3: Expansion of Career Center activities - Identification and classification of job opportunities in start end construction, architecture and other fields; To establish relations and implement partnerships with local and international organizations; To implement individual counseling; To organize job fairs, seminars; To provide notification on vacancies among the students and graduates; To encourage and strengthen relations between the graduates; Introduction to job search techniques OBJECTIVE 7.4: To implement social programs for students - To expand the cafeteria free use program for particularly socially disadvantaged students of the University; - To organize free overtime foreign language and computer classes; - To organize events aimed at healthy lifestyle of the students; - To organize and support various sports and cultural clubs formed by the students. each year each year each year 30

31 Progress Evaluation Indicators (On five-year basis) - Status of performance of University s contractual obligations towards the learners. - Status of provision of educational services of the learners. - Status of protection of the learners rights and the possibilities for rights use. - Status of provision of the learners leisure time, rest and health protection and physical development. - Number of jobs offered by the employers (for University students). 31

32 GOAL 8 Accountability of results of University activities OBJECTIVE 8.1: To ensure the transparency of the University activities - To provide public information on educational process; To regularly post information on the University activities at University website and social networks; To inform the public about the events organized in the University via press, website and other social sites and by television; To report in the Board of Trustees and Scientific Council with the procedure established by University charter; To organize discussions on the important issues related to the activities of the University with participation of the units OBJECTIVE 8.2: To ensure dialogue with internal and external stakeholders - To conduct sociological surveys among internal and external stakeholders; To involve external stakeholders in the commissions for defense of graduation works; To provide professional discussions with internal and external stakeholders; To involve internal and external stakeholders in the governing committees of the University, particularly in the Board of Trustees and Scientific Council of the University; To involve internal and external stakeholders in faculty councils

33 Progress Evaluation Indicators (On five-year basis) - Level of public and stakeholders awareness through sociological surveys. - Social Media Monitoring. - Creation of Press about us page at University website. - Number of press references related to the University. 33

34 GOAL 9 Stability of financial and economic activities OBJECTIVE 9.1: To implement the financial planning of the University in line with the main goals and objectives of the University activities - To implement continuous planning of flow of financial resources; To ensure efficient and transparent distribution of financial resources in the budget according to University development goals; To take measures for providing growth of budget funding; To develop a tuition fee formation policy by providing steady off-budget flows; To take measures for increasing the total amount of revenues in the budget from paid educational, scientific, design and consulting services OBJECTIVE 9.2: To ensure the efficient management of financial resources - To improve the financial management of the University by increasing the transparency; To draw up planned and early inventories; To implement procurement planning and assessment of use efficiency of material and technical resources; To develop resource-saving programs; To develop and implement staff optimization programs parallel to continuous increase of salary and quality

35 OBJECTIVE 9.3: To implement programs in accordance with the University charter in order to provide financial inflow from other sources to University - To participate in local and international contests; To participate in research grant programs; To participate in TEMPUS and other similar programs with international partners; To implement design, consulting and technical supervision programs with international and local partners; To organize paid courses of supplementary education for the specialists; To involve the University staff in international projects that will contribute to the increase of their salaries

36 Progress Evaluation Indicators (On five-year basis) - To increase the growth of the off-budget revenues against the budget revenues each year: at least 5%. - In 2020 to ensure growth of the average monthly salary of the teaching staff against 2015: with the amount of at least 15%. - To set the minimum of financial assistance provided to the students (including the discounts of tuition fees) with the amount of at least 10% of the paying student staff. 36