ÇANKAYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ ECE 491 SENIOR PROJECT I ERDİNÇ YILMAZ

Transcription

1 ÇANKAYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ ECE 491 SENIOR PROJECT I

2 Project Name : Sensor Network System Project company : ROBUTEL Contact : Project instructor : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Orhan GAZİ Contact : o.gazi@cankaya.edu.tr 2

3 Project : Sensor Network System I will make two electronic card that it has motion sensors. These are positioned at specific points and communicate with each other as wireless and determine the motion points according to data given from sensors. After that, the points that we perceive motion are appear by the computer as wireless. With this process we can create the model of room. 3

4 Introduction A Wireless Sensor Node is a node in a wireless network that is able to collect the information from sensors, process it and communicate wireless with other nodes in the network. With using Wireless Sensor Network information collected from the environment. According to this information, we can change things deemed necessary on the area. 4

5 Sensor Networks Applications Sensor networks applications can be determined by sensors on the sensor board. Environmental Applications Medical Applications Military Applications Home Applications 5

6 Factors in Design of Wireless Sensor Nodes Power Management Battery life Power Consumption in sleep mode RF Power and Range Power Amplifier Stage depending on operating range Cost Size/ weight Functionality/ application 6

7 The simplest form of Wireless Sensor Network is the sensors that wireless exchange information with each other and watch their networks from a central location. The basic units that make up wireless sensor card: Sensor Micro controller Receiver and Transmitter(Antenna) Memory stick Power supply ADC 7

8 SENSOR CARD S SCHEMA 8

9 Micro controller Micro controller process data and checks another components process in node of sensor. The reason of to choose micro controller in my project: Flexibility to connect to other devices, a programmable microcontrollers for embedded systems due to low energy consumption is the most appropriate choice. In my project I prefer to use micro controller as PIC16F628. 9

10 Properties of PIC16F628 * 18 legs with 16 I/O pins. * Working voltage is 3.0 V to 5.5 V. * Working frequency is 4 MHz * Can be rewritable. 10

11 Power Supply Energy consumes during sensing, communication and data processing. The sensor node for data communication need more energy. Energy is stored in batteries or capacitors. Batteries are the bacis source of energy need of sensor nodes. 11

12 The components of my project need different voltages so I use voltage regulator for get different input voltages. 12

13 Analog to Digital Converter Input from sensors are analog signal but the micro controller needs digital signal to process data. Therefore, I use ADC in my project 13

14 RF Communication Radio frequency (RF) communication method in the form of electromagnetic waves. We need a antenna for this communication. Radio frequency (RF)-based communications are appropriate for the application of WSN (Wireless Sensor Network). WSNs use communication frequency between 433 MHz to 2.4 GHz. 14

15 Properties of CC

16 SENSOR Sensors measure and detect some physical data (temperature, pressure, motion). Task of sensors : Detect the physical size on the environment With the help of the ADC, information received from the sensors converted into the format understood by microcontroller. I will use motion sensor on my project. 16

17 Motion detection is a process of confirming a change in position. When people move around, they create temperature difference and spread infrared rays. Motion sensors detect this rays with Passive Infrared Dedector (PIR). 17

18 The Advantages of WSN Reliability Accuracy Flexibility Ease of installation 18

19 Some of the most faced problems when WSN system is designed: The battery life in the sensor card. Congestion and delay generated on the network during the communication of the sensor nodes between each other 19

20 To solve the occured problems: First solution : When we program micro-controller, jams are blocked on the network, If the nodes neighbor to each other, they don t send information at the same time. By doing this we also provide energy saving. Second solution : We can increase the battery life. The units on the card can be operated on only when its necessary, can be put to sleep when not needed. Final solution: Also we can increase the life of the sensor card by changing the materials which is used on the sensor card. 20

21 THANKS FOR LISTENING 21