New Museums in Germany and Europe Bernhard Graf

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1 New Museums in Germany and Europe Bernhard Graf Institut für Museumsforschung Staatliche Museen zu Berlin

2 Institute for Museum Research (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz) The Institute for Museum Research (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz) reports annually on visitor attendance in all museums in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG).

3 Institute for Museum Research (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz) Museum attendance in 2012: The total number of visits counted in museums in Germany was Of the museums which were asked for their attendance data, were able to report them (76,3 %). The number of visits given above also includes attendance in special exhibitions held in museums or organized by them special exhibitions were reported by museums in No complete survey of all visits to special exhibitions is possible since only a few museums are able to count them seperately from the visits to their permanent exhibitions. Therefore, in order to avoid misinterpretations, no attendance gures are being given for special exhibitions. As already mentioned, the gure of exhibitions does not include neither exhibition halls (see below) nor 'Verkaufsgalerien' (sales galleries), and/or exhibitions not intended for a general public.

4 Institute for Museum Research (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz) Apart from this, museum related exhibitions are often being shown or organized by institutions which do not have own collections. Therefore, the Institute for Museum Research within its statistics for 2012 has asked 477 further institutions (exhibition halls) organizing museumtype special exhibitions for their attendance gures. These institutions have organized temporary exhibitions in which visits were counted.

5 Development of museums and collections: Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Masterplan Museumsinsel

6 The Master Plan to Restore and Develop the Museum Complex There are five historical buildings on Berlin s Museumsinsel (Museum Island), which opened between 1830 to 1930: the Altes Museum, the Neues Museum, the Alte Nationalgalerie, the Pergamonmuseum, and the Bode-Museum. Following German reunification and the merging of the Staatliche Museen in East and West Berlin, the need to renovate the buildings quickly became evident. In addition, the Foundation has the goal of redesigning the Museumsinsel into a contemporary museum complex. To that end, it developed the Museumsinsel Master Plan. This extensive restoration and modernization plan was passed by the SPK s Foundation Board in It is the basis for all of the construction projects on the Museumsinsel. Protecting the Historical Building Fabric The Museumsinsel Berlin is an outstanding historical ensemble of buildings and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The master plan takes this into account as well. All of its construction projects are coordinated closely with the authorities responsible for protecting historical buildings.

7 Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Altes Museum

8 The Nucleus of the Berlin Museums The Altes Museum opened to visitors in Based on plans by Karl Friedrich Schinkel, it was built next to the Lustgarten as the Königliches Museum (Royal Museum). At the time, the area behind it was still a commercial district known as the Packhöfe (Packing Yards). Not until 1841 did this site began to be developed into a sanctuary for art and science.

9 Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Masterplan Museumsinsel

10 Basic Restoration and Addition of Fourth Wing Based on Plans by O. M. Ungers In accordance with the master plan, the Pergamonmuseum will be given a fourth wing that connects the north wing to the south wing. This will make it possible to walk around the main exhibition level through all the great architectural styles of antiquity. In addition, connections to the James- Simon-Galerie and the Archäologische Promenade (Archaeological Promenade) will also be created. As part of the basic restoration, the entry tempietto in the museum s cour d honneur and the bridge over the Kupfergraben will be renovated. All the building services will also be modernized. The competition for the restoration of and addition to the Pergamonmuseum was won by the firm of the Cologne-based architect O. M. Ungers in Following his death in 2007, the Werkgemeinschaft Pergamonmuseum (Pergamonmuseum working team) was entrusted with the task of implementing the plans. It includes the Kleihues + Kleihues Gesellschaft von Architekten mbh and BAL Bauplanungs und Steuerungs GmbH. Walter A. Noebel was also a member until he died in 2012.

12 The Sixth Building: A Central Reception Building for the Museumsinsel The James-Simon-Galerie will in the future serve as the entrance building to the Museumsinsel (Museum Island). As a visitors center, it will provide central service functions. It will offer information and guide the museum visitors across the Archäologische Promenade (Archaeological Promenade) to the separate buildings. In addition to a large area for ticket sales and checkrooms, the James-Simon-Galerie will also have a café, a museum shop, and spaces for lectures and special exhibitions. Its terrace will be accessible outside of the hours of operation. The new building will be located on the Kupfergraben. It will connect to the south side of the Pergamonmuseum. It will offer direct access to the latter s main exhibition floor.

14 Humboldt-Forum With the Humboldt-Forum in the reconstructed Berliner Schloss (Berlin Palace), a new cultural center is being created in Berlin s historical center. Marked by cosmopolitanism, it is intended to facilitate an international exchange of knowledge and dialogue between cultures. The Ethnologisches Museum (Ethnological Museum) and the Museum für Asiatische Kunst (Asian Art Museum) of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (National Museums in Berlin) will be located there in the future, in the immediate vicinity of the Museumsinsel (Museum Island). Hence they will be presented on equal footing with the collections of Western art. The museums at the Humboldt-Forum will work together with the Zentral- und Landesbibliothek Berlin (Central and Regional Library of Berlin) and the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (Humboldt University in Berlin).

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16 Friedrichshagen: Storage Location of the Stiftung Preussischer Kulturbesitz In the Friedrichshagen section of Köpenick, the Foundation is creating a shared storage location for its institutions. In 2014, the storage warehouse for the Staatsbibliothek (Berlin State Library), the Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut (Ibero-American Institute) and the bpk Bildagentur (bpk Photo Agency) was put in operation. Right next to it, the central storage facility for the museums will be built. Functional Areas and Storage Facilities Combined The new central storage facility will house storage and workshops that are currently located at various locations. The Antikensammlung (Collection of Classical Antiquities), the Vorderasiatisches Museum (Museum of the Ancient Near East), the Museum für Islamische Kunst (Museum of Islamic Art), and the Ethnologisches Museum (Ethnological Museum) of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (National Museums in Berlin) will move many of their holdings now in storage to Friedrichshagen. The Alte Nationalgalerie is moving holdings in storage and workshops to the new storage location. In addition, the Foundation will have a long-term archive for digital objects. AV1 Architekten GmbH, Kaiserslautern, has designed the building.

17 Deutsches Historisches Museum Berlin

18 About us The Deutsches Historisches Museum (German Historical Museum) is Germany s national historical museum. Located in Berlin s historic district of Mitte, it sees itself as a place of active communication and discussion of history. The Deutsches Historisches Museum was founded by the then Federal Republic of Germany and the Land Berlin in 1987 on the occasion of the 750th anniversary celebration of Berlin. The buildings and collections of the Museum für Deutsche Geschichte (MfDG), the central historical museum of the GDR, were transferred to the ownerschip of the Deutsches Historisches Museum within the framework of the contract on German reunification. Thus with reunification in 1990, the Deutsches Historisches Museum became the museum for the history of all parts of Germany. In addition to acquisitions made by the MfDG, the stocks also included the militaria collection of the former Royal Prussian Zeughaus (Armoury). Supplemented by numerous new acquisitions since 1987, the collection of the Deutsches Historisches Museum now comprises some 900,000 objects. The Deutsches Historisches Museum has placed a large part of its collections at the disposal of researchers and the interested public online through its Database.

19 Development of museums and collections: Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden

20 Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden The Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden (Dresden State Art Collections) are among the foremost museums of the world. A total of 14 museums offer a thematic diversity that is exceptional for its kind. The museum originated in the collections of the Saxon electors, several of whom were also kings of Poland. Historical sources show that August I, Elector of Saxony, founded the electoral Kunstkammer (literally art chamber ) in the Residenzschloss Dresden (Dresden Royal Palace) in August the Strong and his son, August III, King of Poland, were important patrons and remarkable connoisseurs. They developed their art collections in a systematic fashion; in the process, they not only provided a foundation of extraordinary masterpieces for the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden, but also made these works accessible to select circles in their own time. To the present day, the organisers of the collections consider it their duty to preserve tradition while developing their visions and helping to shape the future.

21 Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden

22 Zwinger mit Semperbau (Zwinger and Semper Building) The world-famous Zwinger is one of the most magnificent Baroque buildings in Germany. With its pavilions and galleries, the Crown Gate, the Nymphs Bath and not least the gardens in the Zwinger courtyard, it is an oasis for every visitor to Dresden. The strange-sounding name Zwinger is a term used in military architecture and is a reference to the building s original position in front of the defensive wall around the city. However, even in August the Strong s time the Zwinger did not have the function of a fortification. The Zwinger courtyard was a garden and orangery a venue for court festivities, and its buildings already housed the electoral art collections and the library. The galleries with their balustrades, statues and vases constitute a Baroque Gesamtkunstwerk in which architecture and sculpture are inextricably bound together.

23 Development of museums and collections: Pinakotheken München

24 The Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen (Bavarian State Painting Collections) supervise the major part of the painting and art properties of the Free State of Bavaria, as well as the Munich museums in which the works are kept: the Alte Pinakothek, the Neue Pinakothek, the Sammlung Moderne Kunst in the Pinakothek der Moderne, the Sammlung Schack, as well as a dozen associated galleries throughout Bavaria. The administrative offices are located in the west wing of the Neue Pinakothek. Here art historians from various special fields, natural scientists and restorers from the affiliated Doerner Institute work together with numerous other coworkers to administer, preserve and precisely study the enormous stock of more than 30,000 objects.

25 NeuePinakothek / München

26 Neue Pinakothek Today s Neue Pinakothek opened its doors in 1981 and replaces the previous building dating back to 1853 that was destroyed in the Second World War. Ludwig I. had commissioned the construction, which was designed by Friedrich Gärtner und August Voit and to stand on the site opposite the Alte Pinakothek, as a gallery for his collection of contemporary painting. His vision was to facilitate a dialogue between the art of his day and the Old Masters, who were seen as role models. Whereas Leo von Klenze s Alte Pinakothek was rebuilt by Hans Döllgast after the Second World War, the ruins of the Neue Pinakothek were demolished and replaced by a modern, new building in accordance with the plans of Alexander von Branca, which incorporated not only the gallery of the Neue Pinakothek but also the administration of the Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen and the Doerner Institute. The exterior of Branca s Neue Pinakothek was sometimes criticized because of the striking references to historical form and style elements. However, the interior is undisputedly regarded as one of the best museum buildings of the post-war period in Germany thanks to the richly varied sequence of outstandingly well lit rooms oriented to meet the requirements of the works on display.

27 Pinakothek der Moderne / München

28 Pinakothek der Moderne is the leading museum for art, paper-based art, architecture and design. The unsurpassed wealth of our exhibitions is supported by a rich and inspiring programme of events and educational services. We make certain that visitors experience a place that appeals to both the senses and the intellect, promoting encounters, discovery and exploration at the heart of Munich s Kunstareal. Pinakothek der Moderne symbolizes the collective memory of 20th and 21stcentury art and design and serves as a forum for debate on contemporary themes and currents. In so doing it draws on its four long-standing collections, which have been accumulated down through many years, regularly expanded and provides digital access to them. Pinakothek der Moderne welcomes you to participate in the experience thought-provoking, complex, cosmopolitan.

29 Museums as colletors of colletors: Museum Brandhorst / München

30 The Brandhorst Collection From the 1970s onwards, Udo Brandhorst and his wife Anette (d. 1999) amassed more than 1000 works by seminal artists from the 20th and 21st centuries, primarily paintings, drawings and sculptures and, more recently, photographs, multimedia works and installations. To start with, the focus was placed on classical avant-garde artists (Kazimir Malevich, Kurt Schwitters, Pablo Picasso) and post-war European Modernists (Joseph Beuys, Palermo, Sigmar Polke, Jannis Kounellis, Mario Merz) but, in the course of time, their interest became increasingly drawn to American art with John Chamberlain, Robert Gober, Dan Flavin, Bruce Nauman, Richard Tuttle, Walter de Maria and others being represented by major works. With many more than 100 exhibits by Andy Warhol ( ), there is virtually no other European collection that has comparable holdings of works by the best-known of all Pop Art artists. The nucleus of more than 170 works by the American artist Cy Twombly ( ) is unique anywhere in the world. The acquisition of works by Damien Hirst, Mike Kelley and Robert Gober testify to how contemporary art increasingly attracted the collectors attention, as do mutimedia artworks by Isaac Julien, Anri Sala, Stan Douglas and David Claerbout.

31 Museum without collection Arche Nebra (Opening 2007)

32 Museum without collection at historic site Paläon Schöningen (Opening 2012)

33 Science-Ceters as so called new museums? Klimahaus Bremerhaven (Opening 2009)

34 Real museums chanching their character: Militärhistorisches Museum der Bundeswehr, Dresden (Opening 2011)

35 Museums in non-museum buildings: Staatliches Museum für Archäologie Chemnitz (smac) (Opening 2014)

36 Museums as Visitor-Centers: Dependence to Senckenberg Museum Frankfurt a. Main,ß Visitor Center Grube Messel (Opening 2010)

37 Museums as Memorials: Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer (development since 2009)

38 Information-Cetners at Memorials Topographie des Terrors (Re-Opening 2012)

39 Modern Museums in Euorpean Capitals Museum für Moderne Kunst, Warschau (Opening 2012)

40 Modern Museums in Euorpean Capitals Tate modern London 2001

41 It s like finally becoming a big producer, Dercon said, beaming. It s great! If you look at the typology of art museums, with a couple of footnotes like the Guggenheim and Centre Pompidou, not much has happened since the Louvre. From the very beginning I ve thought that there should be a new type of art museum. Tate Modern is the place to do it.