Welcome! Chapter 1. Outline. Book Goals. Database Characteristics. Initial Vocabulary

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1 Chapter 1 Introduction to Management CIS 255 Prof. Rasley Welcome! technology: crucial to the operation and management of modern organizations Major transformation in computing skills Significant time commitment Exciting journey ahead McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 1-2 Book Goals First course in database management Practical textbook Fundamentals of relational databases Data modeling and normalization application development administration and database processing environments Detailed material Outline characteristics DBMS features Architectures Organizational i roles Initial Vocabulary Data: raw facts about things and events Information: transformed data that has value for decision making Essential to organize data for retrieval and maintenance Characteristics Persistent Inter-related Shared

2 University Water Utility Registration Grade Recording Entities: students, faculty, courses, offerings, enrollments Relationships: faculty teach offerings, students enroll in offerings, offerings made of courses,... Faculty Assignment Course Scheduling Billing Meter Reading Entities: customers, meters, bills, payments, meter readings Relationships : bills sent to customers, customers make payments, customers use meters,... Payment Processing Service Start/ Stop University Management System (DBMS) Collection of components that support data acquisition, dissemination, storage, maintenance, retrieval, and formatting Enterprise DBMSs Desktop DBMSs Embedded DBMSs Major part of information technology infrastructure Definition Define database structure before using a database Tables and relationships SQL CREATE TABLE statement Graphical tools University University (ERD) Relationships Student StdSSN StdClass StdMajor StdGPA Offering OfferNo OffLocation OffTime Accepts Teaches Has Faculty FacSSN FacSalary FacRank FacHireDate Supervises Tables Registers Enrollment EnrGrade Course CourseNo CrsDesc CrsUnits

3 Nonprocedural Access Query: request for data to answer a question Indicate what parts of database to retrieve not the procedural details Improve productivity and improve accessibility SQL SELECT statement and graphical tools Graphical Tool for Nonprocedural Access Application Development Form: formatted document for data entry and display Report: formatted document for display Use nonprocedural access to specify data requirements of forms and reports Sample Data Entry Form Sample Report Procedural Language Interface Combine procedural language with nonprocedural access Why Batch processing Customization and automation Performance improvement

4 Transaction Processing Transaction: unit of work that should be reliably processed Control simultaneous users Recover from failures Technology Evolution Era Generation Orientation Major Features 1960s 1 st Generation File File structures and proprietary program interfaces 1970s 2 nd Generation Network Navigation Networks and hierarchies of related records, standard program interfaces 1980s 3 rd Generation Relational Non-procedural languages, optimization, transaction processing 1990s 4 th Generation Object Multi-media, active, distributed processing, XML enabled DBMS Marketplace Enterprise DBMS Oracle: dominates in Unix; strong in Windows SQL Server: strong in Windows DB2: strong in mainframe environment Significant open source DBMSs: MySQL, Firebird, PostgreSQL Desktop DBMS Access: dominates FoxPro, Paradox, Approach, FileMaker Pro Data Independence Software maintenance is a large part (50%) of information system budgets Reduce impact of changes by separating database description from applications Change database definition with minimal effect on applications that use the database Three Schema Architecture View 1 View 2 View n External to Mappings to Internal Mappings Sh Schema Internal Schema External Internal Differences among s External FacultyAssignmentFormView: data required for the form in Slide 16 (Figure 1.9) FacultyWorkLoadReportView: data required for the report in Slide 17 (Figure 1.10) 10) : tables in Slide 11 Internal Files needed to store the tables Extra files to improve performance

5 -Server Architecture Organizational Roles a), server, and database on the same computer b) Mulitple clients and 1 server on different computers Specialization Server Server Functional User Information Systems c) Multiple servers and databases on different computers Server Server Indirect Parametric Power Technical DBA Analyst/Programmer Management Non Technical Specialists administrator (DBA) More technical DBMS specific skills Data administrator Less technical Planning role Summary s and database technology vital to modern organizations technology supports daily operations and decision making Nonprocedural access is a crucial feature Many opportunities to work with databases