THE OPEN UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA FACULTY OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES BACHELOR OF SIENCE IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

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1 THE OPEN UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA FACULTY OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES BACHELOR OF SIENCE IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY OIT 217.DATABASE CONCEPTS AND DESIGN COURSE OUTLINE 1.0 Introduction We are living in information age, whereby records keeping, data processing and information retrieving are becoming important aspects of daily life. Nowadays it is hard to pass a single day without accessing or using the database system. Some of the routines that involve database systems are; money withdrawing from Bank ATMS, top-up mobile, course registration, online order tracking, airlines reservations and schedule information. The collection of organized data is referred to as the database, so database contains information relevant to an enterprise. In order to manipulate data in a database you need a software application that enhances you to link with database. Database Management System (DBMS) is basically a set of program that is used to store and retrieve database information that is both convenient and efficient. 2.0 Main Learning Objectives The aim of this course is provide students with ability to develop and use database management system to accessing, organizing and presenting organizational and external information.the knowledge of Databases is becoming important as many modern societies and commerce involves the management of large quantities of data store in a database system. So the ability to develop and use database is becoming a critical skill that is required. 3.0 Key Learning Objectives At the end of this course you should be able to i. Demonstrate and understanding file base system, DBMS, SQL and Data model techniques ii. Demonstrate an ability to use modeling techniques, to model real life objects to computer base system especial DBMS. iii. Demonstrate an ability to analyze a problem, and define the Database requirements appropriate to its solution iv. Demonstrate an ability to use SQL code to design database. v. Demonstrate and ability to publish database online 4.0 COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is the introductory database application course, presents the principles of design the relational database system. The knowledge will be acquired through the study of Data Models, SQL, Database Design, Application Design and developing. All these will be reinforced by using tools such MySQL, Scripting Languages and UML.

2 5.0 COURSE CONTENT The course content presents the specific techniques, tools and technologieswhich the learner must know, understand and be able to apply in developing the database management system. These techniques, tools, and technologies are grouped and discussed in thirteen lectures which are grouped into six major study areas, namely, introduction to Database, relational model, SQL, database design, normalization, data independence, application design and development. LECTURE 5.1 INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE The introduction part provide a general overview of the nature and purpose of database system. The section explainedhow the concept of a database system has developed, what the common features of database systems are, what a database system does for the user, and how a database system interfaces with operating systems. This part will introduce an example of real database applications used in our daily life (v) (vi) Demonstrate the differences between file base system and DBMS Describe the concept of view of data Demonstrate the physical and logical design of the database Demonstrate the use of data manipulation language to query, update and manage the database Develop essential DBMS concepts such as online database, integrity, security, database server Design an online database by following the principles of modeling, designing and implementing DBMS Database System Applications Purpose of Database Systems View of Data Database Language Relational Databases Introduction Database Design Introduction to: o Data Storage and Querying o Transaction Management o Database Architecture Database Users and Administrators History of Database Systems

3 Silberschatz. A,Korth. H, Surdarshan. S (2010) Chapter 1. LECTURE 5.2 RELATIONAL DATABASES The topic introduces the relational model of data, covering basic concepts such as structure of relational databases, database schemas, keys, schema diagrams, relational query languages, and relational operations. Other topics include; formal relational query languages such as relational algebra. Then final the Data Definition Languages and Data Manipulation Languages will be discussed as well Identify why relational model is the primary data model for commercial data processing over network model, hierarchical model. Ability to collect system requirements Demonstrate and use the tools which are critical when designing database Identify the parts of SQL language Structure of Relational Databases Database Schema Keys Relational Query Language Relational Operations Silberschatz. A,Korth. H, Surdarshan. S (2010) Chapter 2 LECTURE 5.3 SQL This section cover the three level of SQL, which include introduction to SQL, intermediate and advanced level of SQL. The introduction to SQL present SQL s fundamental constructs and concepts. The intermediate level covers; forms of SQL queries, view definition, transactions, integrity constraints, more details regarding SQL data definition, and authorization. Intermediate level provide the detailed coverage of the basic structure of SQL. Advanced SQL level covered the more advanced features used in SQL these include programming language, Triggers and online analytic processing (OLAP).

4 Demonstrate an ability to use SQL to design database Demonstrate the ability to build applications that uses database to store and retrieve data Create an intelligence application via triggers Describe an online analytic processing (OLAP) systems SQL Query Language o SQL Data Definition o Basic Structure of SQL Queries o Additional Basic Operations o Set Operations o Null Values o Aggregate Functions o Nested Subqueries Modification of the Database Join expressions Views Transactions Integrity Constraints SQL Data Types and Schemas Accessing SQL from Programming Language Functions and Procedures Triggers OLAP Silberschatz. A,Korth. H, Surdarshan. S (2010) Chapter 3, 4, 5 and 6 LECTURE 5.4Database Design Database systems are designed to manage large bodies of information. These information are part of the operation of some enterprise whose end product may be information from database or may be some device or service for which the database plays only a supporting role. These lectures focus on the broader set of issues that are crucial in design a complete database application environment that meets the needs of the enterprise. Describe E-R Model in relation to design database schemas

5 Demonstrate an ability to use high-level data model to present the basic objects, called entities and relationship Identify tools and techniques used to develop E-R Model Database Design and the E-R Model o Overview of the Design Process o The Entity-Relationship Model o Constraints o Removing Redundant Attributes in Entity Sets o Entity-Relationship Diagrams o Reduction to Relational Schemas o Entity-Relationship Design Issues o Extended E-R Features Silberschatz. A,Korth. H, Surdarshan. S (2010) Chapter 7 LECTURE 5.5 More ondatabase Design This lecture presents the knowledge to design a relational database without unnecessary redundancy and enhance the easily retrieving of information. This is accomplished by designing schemas that are in an appropriate normal form. In this section, we are focusing on formal approach to relational database design based on the notion of functional dependencies. We then define normal forms in terms of functional dependencies and other types of data dependencies. Demonstrate an ability to design relational schema without unnecessary redundancy Apply the normalization process in designing relational database Determine whether a relation schema is in desirable normal form Identify good design from bad ones by using the means of normal forms Relational Database Design o Features of Good Relational Designs o Why Normalize Tables o The Normalization Process o Database-Design Process o Modeling Temporal Data o view

6 Silberschatz. A,Korth. H, Surdarshan. S (2010) Chapter 8 LECTURE 5.6Application Design and Development This lecture cover the tools and technologies that are used to build applications, focusing on interactive applications that use databases to store data. The study present the topics such as web technologies, scripting languages technologies and security issues. Design web-based interface (back-end connecting to front-end) Demonstrate how large applications are architected using multiple layers of abstraction Demonstrate ability to apply the security at the application and database levels. Application Design and Development o Application Programs and User Interfaces o Web Fundamentals o Client Side Scripting Language versa Server Side Scripting Language o Application Architectures o Rapid Application Development o Application Performance o Application Security o Encryption and Its Applications Silberschatz. A,Korth. H, Surdarshan. S (2010) Chapter 9 COURSE ASSESSMENT Course assessment is based upon three components; Timed Test 30% Practical 20% Annual examination 50%

7 REFERENCES 1. Database System Concepts by Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F, F.Korth, S. Sudarshan Publisher: McGraw-Hill, Hardcover, 6th edition, Published Database Management Systems, 3rd Edition, by Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gehrke, Publisher: McGraw-Hill, Hardcover, 3rd edition, Published 2002, ISBN