Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training. Chapter 1: Sports Medicine: The Multidisciplinary Approach to Athletic Health Care

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1 Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training Chapter 1: Sports Medicine: The Multidisciplinary Approach to Athletic Health Care Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Discuss what sports medicine entails today Describe the different professions associated with athletic health care Discuss the role of coaches Discuss the role parents play in injury prevention and treatment Sports Medicine A multidisciplinary approach to health care for those seriously involved in exercise and sport Health care professionals from many disciplines are involved in the care of the athlete. Sports Medicine Multidisciplinary approach to health care The study and application of scientific and medical knowledge to aspects of exercise and athletics Specialists elicit help from many different disciplines Developed into a recognized field in the early twentieth century Brief History Sports medicine and Athletic Training date back to ancient Rome and Greece The first athletic trainers were actually physicians working with gladiators Brief History Roman Empire falls and Ancient Olympic games end. Not until the 20 th century did Sports and Medicine begin to merge Sports Medicine (cont d.) History of sports medicine American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Founded in 1954 Athletes require broadly trained physician when first dealing with injury Sports medicine specialists Sports Medicine (cont d.) Sports medicine today Focuses on physical performance and body condition 1

2 History of sports medicine American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Founded in 1954 Athletes require broadly trained physician when first dealing with injury Sports medicine specialists 9 10 Sports Medicine (cont d.) Sports medicine today Focuses on physical performance and body condition If a person aims to stay in shape, strenuous exercise and athletic participation is necessary Comprised of all ages and both sexes Sports Medicine (cont d.) Sports medicine today (cont d.) Modern competitive sports have gone above and beyond past athletic activities Business value Strength of athletes Level of importance placed on success The Sports Medicine Team Must work cooperatively Consists of two parts Central team Peripheral team Athlete s Circle of Care Those individuals involved in the care of the athlete 13 The Role of Health Care Providers in the Athlete s Circle of Care The primary role of the health care providers involved in the care of athletes is to promote lifelong fitness and wellness, and to encourage prevention of illness and injury The Primary Players on the Sports Medicine Team Family Doctor The primary physician involved in the athlete s care Family doctors have the athlete s complete history and are in a better position than team doctors to supervise long-term care. Team Doctor A physician specializing in sports medicine who helps the athlete maximize function and minimize time away from the sport 2

3 17 18 Family Doctor The primary physician involved in the athlete s care Family doctors have the athlete s complete history and are in a better position than team doctors to supervise long-term care. Team Doctor A physician specializing in sports medicine who helps the athlete maximize function and minimize time away from the sport Physician Career Path Undergraduate degree 4yrs. Pass MCAT Medical School - 4yrs. Residency 3-7yrs. Salary $97,000-$239,000 Orthopedic Surgeon A medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, care, and treatment of patients with disorders of bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, nerves, and skin. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Orthopedic Surgeon Career Path: Complete 4 years of college Complete 4 years of medical school Complete 5 years of graduate medical education 4 years of orthopaedic surgery 1 year residency Sports medicine Pediatrics Accredited by the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery 22 Orthopedic Surgeon Common settings: Solo practitioner Orthopaedic groups Multi- specialty groups Salary Range: $125,000 to $577, Physician Assistant 3

4 Common settings: Solo practitioner Orthopaedic groups Multi- specialty groups Salary Range: $125,000 to $577, Physician Assistant The physician assistant (PA) works interdependently with a physician to provide diagnostic and therapeutic care. Physician Assistant Career Path: Most who apply to physician assistant programs already have a bachelor s degree in a scientific field. Most PA programs require previous healthcare experience, Athletic Trainers, Nurces, paramedics. 2 years in PA accredited program Pass test by the National Commission on Certification of Physicians Assistants (NCCPA) Physician Assistant Common Settings: Hospitals Clinics Physician practices Salary Range: $79,000 to $111,000 The physical therapist (PT) is responsible for performing treatments such as therapeutic exercises, hydrotherapy, and electrotherapy. Common injuries seen by PT s: Back and neck injuries Sprains and strains Fractures Arthritis Burns Amputations Stroke, multiple sclerosis Cerebral palsy, Injuries related to work or sports 28 United States Department of Labor, 2010 Common settings: 4

5 Cerebral palsy, Injuries related to work or sports United States Department of Labor, Common settings: Hospitals Outpatient clinics Private offices Career path: graduate programs accredited by the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) Masters programs 2 years. Doctoral programs 3years. United States Department of Labor, Salary range: $67,700 to 93,800 Physical Therapy Assistant The physical therapy assistant (PTA) works with physical therapists, assisting in the development of treatment plans for injured patients. Two year associates degree from an accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education Salary $42,600 to 64,500 Chiropractor The chiropractor is a health specialist who provides conservative management of neuromuscular disorders and functional clinical conditions. Complete 2-4 yrs. undergraduate 4yrs program for Doctor of Chiropractics Salary $32,700 to 107,000 Massage Therapist The massage therapist works with physicians, nurses, and physical therapists to promote health and healing and to help manage stress. Formal program and examination Salary $24,400 51,800 Certified Strength & Conditioning Specialists A certified strength and conditioning specialist (CSCS) designs and implements safe and effective strength and conditioning programs. 34 NSCA-CPT 5

6 healing and to help manage stress. Formal program and examination Salary $24,400 51, Certified Strength & Conditioning Specialists A certified strength and conditioning specialist (CSCS) designs and implements safe and effective strength and conditioning programs NSCA-CPT A National Strength and Conditioning Association Certified Personal Trainer (NSCA- CPT) designs and implements safe and effective strength and conditioning programs for individual clients. Certified Strength and conditioning specialists Career path: Must have a bachelor s degree Pass the CSCS certification exam Accredited by the National Commissions for Certifying Agencies (NCCA) Salary range: $26,000 60,000 Sports Nutritionist The sports nutritionist designs special diets capable of enhancing athletic performance. Proper diet can result in better performance. Sports Nutritionist Career path for dietitian: Bachelor s degree in dietetics from an approved program by the American Dietetic Association (ADA) Career path for certified nutritionist: Not an accredited degree Must pass certification exam Usually is accompanied by another degree Unites States Department of Labor, Sports Nutritionist Salary range: $44,400 to $68,500 Unites States Department of Labor, Sports Psychologist The sports psychologist works with athletes who are recovering from serious injury, 6

7 $44,400 to $68,500 Unites States Department of Labor, Sports Psychologist The sports psychologist works with athletes who are recovering from serious injury, giving emotional support and helping with goal-setting and motivation. 40 Sports Psychologist Common settings: Clinics Schools Independent practice Career path: Doctoral degree about 5 years of full time grad work. Mater s degree about 2 years of full time grad work. Must be accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA) United States Department of Labor, Sports Psychologist Sports Psychologists have additional training and experience in apply psychology to sports and exercise. Experience!!! Salary range: $54,100 to $115,720 Exercise Physiologist Improve patient s quality of life, general health, and fitness levels through the creation of individual wellness programs based upon their specific needs. 43 American Society of Exercise Physiologists, 2004 Exercise Physiologists Career path: Bachelor s degree Many programs are now requiring a master s of science degree in exercise physiology 7

8 American Society of Exercise Physiologists, Exercise Physiologists Career path: Bachelor s degree Many programs are now requiring a master s of science degree in exercise physiology Programs must be accredited by the American Society of Exercise Physiologists (ASEP) American Society of Exercise Physiologists, Exercise Physiologists Salary Range: $29,300 to 53,700 Historical Development of Sports Medicine Organizations International Federation of Sports Medicine (1928) American Academy of Family Physicians (1947) National Athletic Trainers Association (1950) American College of Sports Medicine (1954) American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (1972) National Strength and Conditioning Association (1978) American Academy of Pediatrics, Sports Committee (1979) Sports Physical Therapy Section of APTA (1981) NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports (1985) American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Patterned after FIMS (Umbrella Organization) Interested in the study of all aspects of sports Membership composed of medical doctors, doctors of philosophy, physical educators, athletic trainers, coaches, exercise physiologists, biomechanists, and others interested in sports Coaches The role of coaches in the athlete s circle of care Teaches and directs activities Teaches how to compete without injury Refers athletes to the certified athletic trainer or family physician as soon as an injury occurs The Role of Parents in the Athlete s Circle of Care 8

9 interested in sports Coaches The role of coaches in the athlete s circle of care Teaches and directs activities Teaches how to compete without injury Refers athletes to the certified athletic trainer or family physician as soon as an injury occurs The Role of Parents in the Athlete s Circle of Care Parents should maintain open communication with the athletic training staff regarding injury risk, athletic development, proper nutrition, and treatment of injuries. Parents The role of parents in the athlete s circle of care Good communication is helpful if an injury occurs Should teach athletes to distinguish between discomfort and the pain of injury Proper nutrition and conditioning should be discussed Conclusion Sports and exercise have been a part of culture since long before the first Olympic Games in ancient Greece Today s athletes range in age Athletes require specialized care that addresses a variety of different concerns Best rendered by a variety of specialists 9