FESTIVALS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF EVENT TOURISM AND A RESEARCH ABOUT SOCIAL IMPACTS OF ANTALYA ALTIN PORTAKAL FILM FESTIVAL ON RESIDENTS

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1 FESTIVALS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF EVENT TOURISM AND A RESEARCH ABOUT SOCIAL IMPACTS OF ANTALYA ALTIN PORTAKAL FILM FESTIVAL ON RESIDENTS Yakın EKİN Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Tourism, Cigli Main Campus, 35620, Cigli, Izmir, , yakin.ekin@ikc.edu.tr Onur AKBULUT Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Tourism, Cigli Main Campus, 35620, Cigli, Izmir, , onur.akbulut@ikc.edu.tr Abstract Festivals as a type of event tourism which possess sociologically the most realistic, historical, cultural relations with the place where they take place and which do not consider economic profits in the first rank were selected as the theme of this research. Through consulting the residents, the aspects of a forty-seven year old tradition that need to be corrected and improved in order to be sustained in a balance were adressed to reveal. Keywords: Events, Event Tourism, Festivals, Film Festivals Introduction Event tourism, examined as a concept of special interest tourism, has gained importance rapidly in last two decades due to the great developments in events and to the financial earnings created by them. The world of event management and event tourism covers a kaleidoscope of planned cultural, sport, political and business occasions: from mega-events like Olympics and world s fairs to community festivals; from programs of events at parks and attractions to visits by dignitaries and intergovernmental assembles; from small meetings and parties to huge conventions and competitions (Getz, 1997:1). Events are temporary occurrences They have a finite length, and for planned events this is usually fixed and publicized. (Getz 1991:4) Getz (2012) further comments that events are transient, and every event is a unique blending of its duration, setting, management, and people. Goldblatt, (2002) explains that A unique moment in time celebrated with ceremony and ritual to satisfy specific needs. Special events are that phenomenon arising from those non-routine occasions which have leisure, cultural, personal or organizational objectives set apart from the normal activity of daily life, whose purpose is to enlighten, celebrate, entertain or challenge the experience of a group of people (Shone & Parry 2004:3).

tr Onur AKBULUT Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Tourism, Cigli Main Campus, 35620, Cigli, Izmir, +90-53231-34207, onur.akbulut@ikc.edu.

2 Mega-events are those events that are so large that they affect whole economies and reverberate in the global media. These events are generally developed following competitive bidding (Bowdin et al. 2001:16). Mega-events, by way of their size or significance, are those that yield extraordinarily high levels of tourism, media coverage, prestige, or economic impact for the host community or destination (Getz 1995: 6). Major one-time or recurring events of limited duration, developed primarily to enhance the awareness, appeal and profitability of a tourism destination in the short and/or long term. Such events rely for their success on uniqueness, status, or timely significance to create interest and attract attention (Ritchie 1984:2). Hallmark events refers to those events that become so identified with the spirit or ethos of a town, city or region that they become synonymous with the name of the place, and gain widespread recognition and awareness (Bowdin et al 2001:17). Major events are events that, by their scale and media interest, are capable of attracting significant visitor numbers, media coverage and economic benefits (Bowdin et al 2001:18). Figure I: Classification of Events Source: Jago et al. 1998:30 Though they have huge differences in variety and hardnesses to make classifications, events would be more nested with tourism in near future than ever owing to both economic and the social dimensions.

Mega-events, by way of their size or significance, are those that yield extraordinarily high levels of tourism, media coverage, prestige, or economic impact for the host community or destination

Festivals as a type of event tourism which possess sociologically the most realistic, historical, cultural relations with the place where they take place and which do not consider economic profits in

3 Festivals as a type of event tourism which possess sociologically the most realistic, historical, cultural relations with the place where they take place and which do not consider economic profits in the first rank were selected as the theme of this research. At this point, the most vital balance is not to sacrifice the values and celebration themes of the community in which the festival was born for the sake of the attraction of economic profits. If a festival is in the mentioned way, it will disappear anyway in near future or else it will last a limited life in the way of popular consommation by losing its social roots. Falassi (1987) maintains that the social function of a festival is closely related to values that a community regards as essential to its ideology such as social identity, historical continuity, and physical survival. Furthermore, according to Arcodia and Robb (2000), a festival revolves around the marking of special occasions and the celebration of significant events. Essentially, festival may be regarded as the cultural resources of an area that make possible the successful hosting of visitors (Uysal, Gahan, & Martin, 1993). Figure II: Social Impact of Community-Based Festivals in the Literature Source: Ekin, 2011:30 The ones who observe the balance between development and not losing the roots would undoubtedly be the residents. Thus, through consulting the residents, the aspects of a forty-seven year old tradition that need to be corrected and improved in order to be sustained in a balance were adressed to reveal. The seeds of the Golden Orange Film Festival were first sown in the romantic atmosphere of the Aspendos Ancient Theatre.

At this point, the most vital balance is not to sacrifice the values and celebration themes of the community in which the festival was born for the sake of the attraction of economic profits.

The Golden Orange Film Festival which gained international status in 2007, has been vital in the support of the arts in our country and has proudly carried on this mission for more than half a

4 The Golden Orange Film Festival which gained international status in 2007, has been vital in the support of the arts in our country and has proudly carried on this mission for more than half a century. Information about the festival: Row 47 festival, The second week of October (9-14 October 2010) Feature of the festival of the people ("People's Orange", the disabled, and free entry to over 65 years, the student-teacher discounts, etc.). 163 film shows from 13 centers 8 exhibition, 6 workshop, 10 and 11, one panel open-air concert Data Analysis As a consequence of the statistical analysis six social impact dimensions and five distinct clusters possessing diverse perceptions about these dimensions were identified. Factor Analysis: All of the factors in Table I have over %70 value. Correlation of the factors:

Information about the festival: Row 47 festival, The second week of October (9-14 October 2010) Feature of the festival of the people ("People's Orange", the disabled, and free entry to over 65

5 Clusters: Mean Impact Level for Each Factor by Cluster: Conclusion To sum up, several conclusions might be deducted from this survey conducted for the measurement of the social impacts of a community based festival on communities.

deducted from this survey conducted for the measurement

6 This research reveals a number of social impacts which affect the host community, which can be categorized in six dimensions determined by factor analysis: They are inconvenience, community identity and cohesion, personal frustration, entertainment and socialization opportunities, community growth and development, and behavioral consequences. Impacts within each of these categories can be perceived either positively or negatively by different individuals of the community. This supports the argument that social impacts should not be pre-defined as positive or negative, but that the affected community members should be responsible for making that judgement. This research provides support for viewing communities as heterogeneous, identifying five distinct community subgroups through cluster analysis: They are tolerators, economically connected, attendees, avoiders and volunteers. Each of these represents a subgroup of the population who expresses a particular feeling towards the festival, different from that expressed by any other subgroup. This finding has implications for event organizers in understanding and targeting the needs and concerns of diverse community subgroups. This research has also concluded that community festivals play an important role in achieving wellbeing outcomes for the community, including the development of social capital. These outcomes should be managed to ensure that a festival contributes to positive social transactions and engagements between members of the host community. References Arcodia C. And Robb A A Future for Event Management: A Taxonomy of Event Management Terms, Events Beyond 2000: Setting the Agenda, Proceedings of Conference on Event Evaluation, Research and Education (Editors) Allen J., Harris R., Jago L. ve Veal A. J., Australian Centre for Event Management, School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism, University of Technology Sydney, pp Bowdin, G. et al Events Management. 2nd Ed. Oxford. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Ekin. Y Festivals Within The Context Of Event Tourism And A Research About Social Impacts Of Antalya Altin Portakal Film Festival On Residents. Phd Thesis. Antalya. Falassi A Time Out of Time: Essays on the Festival. New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press. Getz, D Event studies; Theory, research and policy for planned events. Oxon. Routledge. Getz D Event Management and Event Tourism New York. Van Nostrand Reinhold. Getz D., Festivals, Special Events and Tourism, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1991.

Impacts within each of these categories can be perceived either positively or negatively by different individuals of the community.

7 Getz D., Special Events, Medlik S. (Editor), Managing Tourism, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1995, Goldblatt, J.J Special Events: Twenty-first Century Global Event Management. London. Wiley. Jago L. K. and Shaw R Special Event Calendars: Some Exploratory Research, Festival Management and Event Tourism: An International Journal, Vol.5, No.1, pp Ritchie J. R. B., (1984), Assessing the Impact of Hallmark Events: Conceptual and Research Issues, Journal of Travel Research, Vol.23, No.1, pp Shone. Anton. and Parry Bryn. Succesful Event Managment. London Thomson. Uysal, M., Gahan, L. & Martin, B An examination of event motivations: A case study. Festival Management and Event Tourism, 1 pp

Special Event Calendars: Some Exploratory Research, Festival Management and Event Tourism: An International Journal, Vol.5, No.1, pp. 107-114. Ritchie J. R. B.

A comparison of student and industry perceptions of the event management curriculum in Korea

A comparison of student and industry perceptions of the event management curriculum in Korea Vol. 8, No. 2. ISSN: 1473-8376 www.heacademy.ac.uk/johlste ACADEMIC PAPER A comparison of student and perceptions of the event Kyong Mo Lee (genelee@kyonggi.ac.kr) Department of Events Management, College