Cyber Security Standards: Version 5 Revisions. Security Reliability Program 2015

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Cyber Security Standards: Version 5 Revisions. Security Reliability Program 2015"

Transcription

1 Cyber Security Standards: Version 5 Revisions Security Reliability Program 2015

2 Overview of Development Activities The Team Standard Drafting Team (SDT) appointed to address these revisions in Project Maggy Powell, Exelon Philip Huff, AECC David Revill, GTC Jay Cribb, Southern Company Forrest Krigbaum, BPA David Dockery, AECI Greg Goodrich, NYISO Christine Hasha, ERCOT Steve Brain, Dominion Scott Saunders, SMUD 2 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

3 CIP Standards Version 5 CIP *: BES Cyber Asset and BES Cyber System Categorization CIP-003-6**: Security Management Controls CIP-004-6**: Personnel and Training CIP-005-5: Electronic Security Perimeter(s) CIP-006-6: Physical Security of BES Cyber Systems CIP-007-6**: Systems Security Management * - Changed Devices to Systems in background section ** - Developed as version 7 3 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

4 CIP Standards Version 5 CIP-008-5: Incident Reporting and Response Planning CIP-009-6: Recovery Plans for BES Cyber Assets and Systems CIP-010-2***: Configuration Management and Vulnerability Assessments CIP-011-2***: Information Protection *** - Developed as version 3 4 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

5 Overview of Development Activities Key Objectives Four directive areas One year filing deadline Outreach during development and comment period 5 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

6 FERC Final Rule Issued November 3, 2013 Effective February 3, 2014 Four directives: Identify Assess and Correct language Communication Networks Low Impact BES Cyber Systems Transient Devices First two had one-year deadline Filing deadline February 3, RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

7 Identify, Assess, and Correct FERC preferred to not have compliance language included within technical requirement SDT responded by deleting language from 17 requirements RAI (Risk-based Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement) concepts replaced need for IAC language 7 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

8 Communication Networks FERC Directed creation of definition of communication networks and requirements to address issues: Locked wiring closets Disconnected or locked spare jacks Protection of cabling by conduit or cable trays 8 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

9 Communication Networks SDT responded by adding CIP-006 Part 1.10 to address protections of non programmable components of communication networks that are inside an ESP, but outside of a PSP SDT also modified CIP-007 Part 1.2 to address unused physical ports on nonprogrammable communication components and devices at high and medium impact Control Centers Formal definition determined by SDT to be unnecessary at this time 9 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

10 Transient Devices Described in Final Rule as devices connected for less than 30-days (USB, laptop, etc) FERC directed modifications to address the following concerns: Device authorization Software authorization Security patch management Malware prevention Unauthorized physical access Procedures for connecting to different impact level systems 10 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

11 Transient Devices SDT developed two additional definitions Removable Media Transient Cyber Assets Added CIP-010 Requirement R4 dealing with issue Detailed requirements in attachment and measures in a separate attachment Separated into three areas: o Transient Cyber Assets managed by Responsible Entity o Transient Cyber Assets managed by other parties o Removable Media Modified CIP-004 Part 2.1 to address training on risks associated with Transient Cyber Assets and Removable Media 11 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

12 Transient Cyber Assets Transient Cyber Asset: A Cyber Asset that (i) is capable of transmitting or transferring executable code, (ii) is not included in a BES Cyber System, (iii) is not a Protected Cyber Asset (PCA), and (iv) is directly connected (e.g., using Ethernet, serial, Universal Serial Bus, or wireless, including near field or Bluetooth communication) for 30 consecutive calendar days or less to a BES Cyber Asset, a network within an ESP, or a PCA. Examples include, but are not limited to, Cyber Assets used for data transfer, vulnerability assessment, maintenance, or troubleshooting purposes. 12 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

13 Transient Cyber Assets (continued) Removable Media: Storage media that (i) are not Cyber Assets, (ii) are capable of transferring executable code, (iii) can be used to store, copy, move, or access data, and (iv) are directly connected for 30 consecutive calendar days or less to a BES Cyber Asset, a network within an ESP, or a Protected Cyber Asset. Examples include, but are not limited to, floppy disks, compact disks, USB flash drives, external hard drives, and other flash memory cards/drives that contain nonvolatile memory. 13 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

14 Low Impact BES Cyber Systems FERC concerned with lack of objective criteria for evaluating Low Impact protections Introduces unacceptable level of ambiguity and potential inconsistency into the compliance process Open to alternative approaches the criteria NERC proposes for evaluating a responsible entities protections for Low impact facilities should be clear, objective and commensurate with their impact on the system, and technically justified. No detailed inventory required list of locations / Facilities OK 14 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

15 Low Impact BES Cyber Systems (continued) SDT maintained all low impact requirements in CIP-003 Low-only entities only need to comply with CIP-002 and CIP- 003 Added CIP-003 Part 1.2 dealing with security policy for low impact BES Cyber Systems Added Attachments dealing with the technical requirement and measures Kept four original areas 15 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

16 Low Impact BES Cyber Systems (continued) Security Awareness reinforce, at least every 15 calendar months, cyber security practices Incident Response Modeled from medium impact 6 elements (of 9: collapsed process requirements and update requirements together; no documentation of deviations or specific record retention but still need to demonstrate compliance) Physical Security control physical access based on need 16 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

17 Low Impact BES Cyber Systems (continued) 17 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

18 Low Impact BES Cyber Systems (continued) Electronic Security Two new definitions LERC and LEAP Similar to but different from ERC and EAP concepts at medium & high permit only necessary inbound and outbound bi-directional routable protocol access authentication for all Dial-up Connectivity Seven reference model drawings showing LERC & LEAP in Guidelines and Technical Basis section 18 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

19 Low Impact BES Cyber Systems (continued) ERC - External Routable Connectivity - The ability to access a BES Cyber System from a Cyber Asset that is outside of its associated Electronic Security Perimeter via a bi-directional routable protocol connection. LERC Low Impact External Routable Connectivity - Direct user initiated interactive access or a direct device to device connection to a low impact BES Cyber System(s) from a Cyber Asset outside the asset containing those low impact BES Cyber System(s) via a bi directional routable protocol connection. Point to point communications between intelligent electronic devices that use routable communication protocols for time sensitive protection or control functions between Transmission station or substation assets containing low impact BES Cyber Systems are excluded from this definition (examples of this communication include, but are not limited to, IEC GOOSE or vendor proprietary protocols). 19 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

20 Low Impact BES Cyber Systems (continued) EAP - Electronic Access Point - A Cyber Asset interface on an Electronic Security Perimeter that allows routable communication between Cyber Assets outside an Electronic Security Perimeter and Cyber Assets inside an Electronic Security Perimeter. LEAP Low Impact BES Cyber System Electronic Access Point - A Cyber Asset interface that controls Low Impact External Routable Connectivity. The Cyber Asset containing the LEAP may reside at a location external to the asset or assets containing low impact BES Cyber Systems. 20 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

21 Low Impact BES Cyber Systems (continued) 21 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

22 Low Impact BES Cyber Systems (continued) 22 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

23 Low Impact BES Cyber Systems (continued) 23 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

24 Low Impact BES Cyber Systems (continued) 24 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

25 Low Impact BES Cyber Systems (continued) 25 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

26 Low Impact BES Cyber Systems (continued) 26 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

27 Low Impact BES Cyber Systems (continued) 27 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

28 Implementation Plan Phased implementation plan: IAC no change (4/1/16) Communication Networks 9 months after the effective date of the standard Transient Devices 9 months after the effective date of the standard Low Impact o Latter of 4/1/17 or 9 months after the effective date of the standard for policy, plan, security awareness, and response o Latter of 9/1/18 or 9 months after the effective date of the standard for physical and electronic security 28 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

29 April 1, CIP V5 Approved Effective Date IAC, CN revisions - November 13, 2014 LI, TD revisions - February 12, 2015 Implementation Plan NERC If FERC approves CIPV5R in: Board Standard/Requirement Revision Adoption 3Q15 4Q15 1Q16 CIP not up for revision 1-Apr-16 1-Apr-16 1-Apr-16 CIP Apr-16 1-Apr-16 1-Jul-16 CIP-003-6, R1, part 1.1 H/M - Policy 1-Apr-16 1-Apr-16 1-Apr-16 CIP-003-6, R1, part 1.2 LI - Policy 1-Apr-17 1-Apr-17 1-Apr-17 CIP-003-6, R2 LI - Plan 1-Apr-17 1-Apr-17 1-Apr-17 CIP-003-6, Att 1, Sect. 1 LI - Sec Awareness 1-Apr-17 1-Apr-17 1-Apr-17 CIP-003-6, Att 1, Sect. 2 LI - Phys Security 1-Sep-18 1-Sep-18 1-Sep-18 CIP-003-6, Att 1, Sect. 3 LI - Elec. Access 1-Sep-18 1-Sep-18 1-Sep-18 CIP-003-6, Att 1, Sect. 4 LI - Incident Resp 1-Apr-17 1-Apr-17 1-Apr-17 CIP TCA & RM added to Training 1-Apr-16 1-Apr-16 1-Jul-16 CIP not up for revision 1-Apr-16 1-Apr-16 1-Apr-16 CIP Apr-16 1-Apr-16 1-Jul-16 CIP-006-6, R1, part 1.10* CN 1-Jan-17 1-Jan-17 1-Apr-17 CIP Apr-16 1-Apr-16 1-Jul-16 CIP-007-6, R1, part 1.2* CN, RM capitalized 1-Jan-17 1-Jan-17 1-Apr-17 CIP not up for revision 1-Apr-16 1-Apr-16 1-Apr-16 CIP Apr-16 1-Apr-16 1-Jul-16 CIP Apr-16 1-Apr-16 1-Jul-16 CIP-010-2, R4 TD 1-Jan-17 1-Jan-17 1-Apr-17 CIP TCA & RM added to Guidelines 1-Apr-16 1-Apr-16 1-Jul-16 TCA, RM Glossary Terms TD 1-Jan-17 1-Jan-17 1-Apr-17 BCA, PCA Glossary Terms TD 1-Jan-17 1-Jan-17 1-Apr-17 LERC, LEAP Glossary Terms LIA 1-Apr-17 1-Apr-17 1-Apr-17 V5 E- Date 29 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

30 Current Status NERC Board approved responses to IAC and Communication Networks directives on November 13, 2014 NERC Board approved responses to Low Impact and Transient Device directives on February 12, 2015 Board action adjusted version numbers to -6 and -2 All four directive areas filed with FERC on February 13, 2015 (10- day extension granted due to scheduled NERC board meeting) FERC must go through its approval process 30 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

31 Version X IAC/CN Only CIP-003-X/CIP-010-X CIP-003-6/CIP CIP-003-6/CIP July Initial Ballot October Additional Ballot October Final Ballot CIP Version What? CIP-003-6/CIP Lows/Transients CIP-003-6/CIP November Board Adoption January Additional Ballot January Final Ballot CIP-003-7/CIP directives CIP-003-7/CIP directives February Board Adoption CIP-003-6/CIP-004-6/CIP-006-6/ CIP-007-6/CIP-009-6/CIP-010-2/CIP FERC Filing 2/13/ RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

32 Project Development History: CIP Version 5 Revisions page: References Critical-Infrastructure-Protection-Version-5-Revisions.aspx CIP Version 5 Transition page: 32 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

33 Questions Scott Mix, CISSP Senior CIP Technical Manager

152 FERC 61,054 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION. 18 CFR Part 40. [Docket No. RM15-14-000]

152 FERC 61,054 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION. 18 CFR Part 40. [Docket No. RM15-14-000] 152 FERC 61,054 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION 18 CFR Part 40 [Docket No. RM15-14-000] Revised Critical Infrastructure Protection Reliability Standards (July 16, 2015) AGENCY:

More information

Notable Changes to NERC Reliability Standard CIP-010-3

Notable Changes to NERC Reliability Standard CIP-010-3 C L AR I T Y AS S U R AN C E R E S U LT S M I D W E S T R E LIAB I L I T Y ORGAN I Z AT I ON Notable Changes to NERC Reliability Standard CIP-010-3 Cyber Security Configuration Change Management and Vulnerability

More information

Summary of CIP Version 5 Standards

Summary of CIP Version 5 Standards Summary of CIP Version 5 Standards In Version 5 of the Critical Infrastructure Protection ( CIP ) Reliability Standards ( CIP Version 5 Standards ), the existing versions of CIP-002 through CIP-009 have

More information

CIP v5/v6 Implementation Plan CIP v5 Workshop. Tony Purgar October 2-3, 2014

CIP v5/v6 Implementation Plan CIP v5 Workshop. Tony Purgar October 2-3, 2014 CIP v5/v6 Implementation Plan CIP v5 Workshop Tony Purgar October 2-3, 2014 Revision History CIP v5/v6 Implementation Plan Change History Date Description Initial Release July 25, 2014 Revision V0.1 August-2014

More information

CIP-003-6 R2 BES Assets Containing Low Impact BCS. Lisa Wood, CISA, CBRA, CBRM Compliance Auditor Cyber Security

CIP-003-6 R2 BES Assets Containing Low Impact BCS. Lisa Wood, CISA, CBRA, CBRM Compliance Auditor Cyber Security CIP-003-6 R2 BES Assets Containing Low Impact BCS Lisa Wood, CISA, CBRA, CBRM Compliance Auditor Cyber Security Slide 2 About Me Been with WECC for 5 years 1 ½ years as a Compliance Program Coordinator

More information

Notable Changes to NERC Reliability Standard CIP-005-5

Notable Changes to NERC Reliability Standard CIP-005-5 MIDWEST RELIABILITY ORGANIZATION Notable Changes to NERC Reliability Standard CIP-005-5 Electronic Security Perimeter(s) Bill Steiner MRO Principal Risk Assessment and Mitigation Engineer MRO CIP Version

More information

Cyber Security Standards Update: Version 5

Cyber Security Standards Update: Version 5 Cyber Security Standards Update: Version 5 January 17, 2013 Scott Mix, CISSP CIP Technical Manager Agenda Version 5 Impact Levels Format Features 2 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY CIP Standards Version 5 CIP

More information

Cyber Security Standards Update: Version 5 with Revisions

Cyber Security Standards Update: Version 5 with Revisions Cyber Security Standards Update: Version 5 with Revisions Security Reliability Program 2015 Agenda CIP Standards History Version 5 Format Impact Levels NOPR Final Rule References 2 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

More information

CIP-003-5 Cyber Security Security Management Controls

CIP-003-5 Cyber Security Security Management Controls A. Introduction 1. Title: Cyber Security Security Management Controls 2. Number: CIP-003-5 3. Purpose: To specify consistent and sustainable security management controls that establish responsibility and

More information

Cyber Security Compliance (NERC CIP V5)

Cyber Security Compliance (NERC CIP V5) Cyber Security Compliance (NERC CIP V5) Ray Wright NovaTech, LLC Abstract: In December 2013, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued Order No. 791 which approved the Version 5 CIP Reliability

More information

NERC Cyber Security Standards

NERC Cyber Security Standards SANS January, 2008 Stan Johnson Manager of Situation Awareness and Infrastructure Security Stan.johnson@NERC.net 609-452-8060 Agenda History and Status of Applicable Entities Definitions High Level of

More information

CIP-010-2 Cyber Security Configuration Change Management and Vulnerability Assessments

CIP-010-2 Cyber Security Configuration Change Management and Vulnerability Assessments CIP-010-2 Cyber Security Configuration Change Management and Vulnerability Assessments A. Introduction 1. Title: Cyber Security Configuration Change Management and Vulnerability Assessments 2. Number:

More information

North American Electric Reliability Corporation: Critical Infrastructure Protection, Version 5 (NERC-CIP V5)

North American Electric Reliability Corporation: Critical Infrastructure Protection, Version 5 (NERC-CIP V5) Whitepaper North American Electric Reliability Corporation: Critical Infrastructure Protection, Version 5 (NERC-CIP V5) NERC-CIP Overview The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) is a

More information

Implementation Plan for Version 5 CIP Cyber Security Standards

Implementation Plan for Version 5 CIP Cyber Security Standards Implementation Plan for Version 5 CIP Cyber Security Standards April 10September 11, 2012 Prerequisite Approvals All Version 5 CIP Cyber Security Standards and the proposed additions, modifications, and

More information

NovaTech NERC CIP Compliance Document and Product Description Updated June 2015

NovaTech NERC CIP Compliance Document and Product Description Updated June 2015 NovaTech NERC CIP Compliance Document and Product Description Updated June 2015 This document describes the NovaTech Products for NERC CIP compliance and how they address the latest requirements of NERC

More information

NERC CIP VERSION 5 COMPLIANCE

NERC CIP VERSION 5 COMPLIANCE BACKGROUND The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) Reliability Standards define a comprehensive set of requirements that are the basis for maintaining

More information

NERC CIP Tools and Techniques

NERC CIP Tools and Techniques NERC CIP Tools and Techniques Supplemental Project - Introduction Webcast Scott Sternfeld, Project Manager Smart Grid Substation & Cyber Security Research Labs ssternfeld@epri.com (843) 619-0050 October

More information

CIP 010 1 Cyber Security Configuration Change Management and Vulnerability Assessments

CIP 010 1 Cyber Security Configuration Change Management and Vulnerability Assessments CIP 010 1 Cyber Security Configuration Change Management and Vulnerability Assessments A. Introduction 1. Title: Cyber Security Configuration Change Management and Vulnerability Assessments 2. Number:

More information

E-Commerce Security Perimeter (ESP) Identification and Access Control Process

E-Commerce Security Perimeter (ESP) Identification and Access Control Process Electronic Security Perimeter (ESP) Identification and Access Control Process 1. Introduction. A. This document outlines a multi-step process for identifying and protecting ESPs pursuant to the North American

More information

Standard CIP 007 3a Cyber Security Systems Security Management

Standard CIP 007 3a Cyber Security Systems Security Management A. Introduction 1. Title: Cyber Security Systems Security Management 2. Number: CIP-007-3a 3. Purpose: Standard CIP-007-3 requires Responsible Entities to define methods, processes, and procedures for

More information

CIP-005-5 Cyber Security Electronic Security Perimeter(s)

CIP-005-5 Cyber Security Electronic Security Perimeter(s) A. Introduction 1. Title: Cyber Security Electronic Security Perimeter(s) 2. Number: CIP-005-5 3. Purpose: To manage electronic access to BES Cyber Systems by specifying a controlled Electronic Security

More information

Information Shield Solution Matrix for CIP Security Standards

Information Shield Solution Matrix for CIP Security Standards Information Shield Solution Matrix for CIP Security Standards The following table illustrates how specific topic categories within ISO 27002 map to the cyber security requirements of the Mandatory Reliability

More information

Cyber Security for NERC CIP Version 5 Compliance

Cyber Security for NERC CIP Version 5 Compliance GE Measurement & Control Cyber Security for NERC CIP Version 5 Compliance imagination at work Contents Cyber Security for NERC CIP Compliance... 5 Sabotage Reporting... 6 Security Management Controls...

More information

Alberta Reliability Standard Cyber Security Implementation Plan for Version 5 CIP Security Standards CIP-PLAN-AB-1

Alberta Reliability Standard Cyber Security Implementation Plan for Version 5 CIP Security Standards CIP-PLAN-AB-1 External Consultation Draft Version 1.0 December 12, 2013 1. Purpose The purpose of this reliability standard is to set the effective dates for the Version 5 CIP Cyber Security reliability standards and

More information

Completed. Document Name. NERC CIP Requirements CIP-002 Critical Cyber Asset Identification R1 Critical Asset Identifaction Method

Completed. Document Name. NERC CIP Requirements CIP-002 Critical Cyber Asset Identification R1 Critical Asset Identifaction Method NERC CIP Requirements CIP-002 Critical Cyber Asset Identification R1 Critical Asset Identifaction Method R2 Critical Asset Identification R3 Critical Cyber Asset Identification Procedures and Evaluation

More information

Reclamation Manual Directives and Standards

Reclamation Manual Directives and Standards Vulnerability Assessment Requirements 1. Introduction. Vulnerability assessment testing is required for all access points into an electronic security perimeter (ESP), all cyber assets within the ESP, and

More information

TASK -040. TDSP Web Portal Project Cyber Security Standards Best Practices

TASK -040. TDSP Web Portal Project Cyber Security Standards Best Practices Page 1 of 10 TSK- 040 Determine what PCI, NERC CIP cyber security standards are, which are applicable, and what requirements are around them. Find out what TRE thinks about the NERC CIP cyber security

More information

GE Oil & Gas. Cyber Security for NERC CIP Versions 5 & 6 Compliance

GE Oil & Gas. Cyber Security for NERC CIP Versions 5 & 6 Compliance GE Oil & Gas Cyber Security for NERC CIP Versions 5 & 6 Compliance Cyber Security for NERC CIP Versions 5 & 6 Compliance 2 Contents Cyber Security for NERC CIP Compliance... 5 Sabotage Reporting... 6 Security

More information

TOP 10 CHALLENGES. With suggested solutions

TOP 10 CHALLENGES. With suggested solutions NERC CIP VERSION 5 TOP 10 CHALLENGES With suggested solutions 401 Congress Avenue, Suite 1540 Austin, TX 78791 Phone: 512-687- 6224 E- Mail: chumphreys@theanfieldgroup.com Web: www.theanfieldgroup.com

More information

ReliabilityFirst CIP Evidence List CIP-002 through CIP-009 are applicable to RC, BA, IA, TSP, TO, TOP, GO, GOP, LSE, NERC, & RE

ReliabilityFirst CIP Evidence List CIP-002 through CIP-009 are applicable to RC, BA, IA, TSP, TO, TOP, GO, GOP, LSE, NERC, & RE R1 Provide Risk Based Assessment Methodology (RBAM) R1.1 Provide evidence that the RBAM includes both procedures and evaluation criteria, and that the evaluation criteria are riskbased R1.2 Provide evidence

More information

Standard CIP 007 3 Cyber Security Systems Security Management

Standard CIP 007 3 Cyber Security Systems Security Management A. Introduction 1. Title: Cyber Security Systems Security Management 2. Number: CIP-007-3 3. Purpose: Standard CIP-007-3 requires Responsible Entities to define methods, processes, and procedures for securing

More information

Document ID. Cyber security for substation automation products and systems

Document ID. Cyber security for substation automation products and systems Document ID Cyber security for substation automation products and systems 2 Cyber security for substation automation systems by ABB ABB addresses all aspects of cyber security The electric power grid has

More information

Redesigning automation network security

Redesigning automation network security White Paper WP152006EN Redesigning automation network security Presented at Power and Energy Automation Conference (PEAC), Spokane, WA, March 2014 Jacques Benoit Eaton s Cooper Power Systems Abstract The

More information

Technology Solutions for NERC CIP Compliance June 25, 2015

Technology Solutions for NERC CIP Compliance June 25, 2015 Technology Solutions for NERC CIP Compliance June 25, 2015 2 Encari s Focus is providing NERC CIP Compliance Products and Services for Generation and Transmission Utilities, Municipalities and Cooperatives

More information

Lessons Learned CIP Reliability Standards

Lessons Learned CIP Reliability Standards Evidence for a requirement was not usable due to a lack of identifying information on the document. An entity should set and enforce a "quality of evidence" standard for its compliance documentation. A

More information

Voluntary Cybersecurity Initiatives in Critical Infrastructure. Nadya Bartol, CISSP, SGEIT, nadya.bartol@utc.org. 2014 Utilities Telecom Council

Voluntary Cybersecurity Initiatives in Critical Infrastructure. Nadya Bartol, CISSP, SGEIT, nadya.bartol@utc.org. 2014 Utilities Telecom Council Voluntary Cybersecurity Initiatives in Critical Infrastructure Nadya Bartol, CISSP, SGEIT, nadya.bartol@utc.org 2014 Utilities Telecom Council Utility cybersecurity environment is full of collaborations

More information

CIP-010-2. Ben Christensen Senior Compliance Risk Analyst, Cyber Security

CIP-010-2. Ben Christensen Senior Compliance Risk Analyst, Cyber Security CIP-010-2 Ben Christensen Senior Compliance Risk Analyst, Cyber Security 2 Agenda Help entities understand and prepare for the upcoming CIP 010-2 Differences and relations to current requirements Transient

More information

SecFlow Security Appliance Review

SecFlow Security Appliance Review Solution Paper. SecFlow Security Appliance Review NERC CIP version 5 Compliance Enabler July 2014 Abstract The alarming increase in cyber attacks on critical infrastructure poses new risk management challenges

More information

TRIPWIRE NERC SOLUTION SUITE

TRIPWIRE NERC SOLUTION SUITE CONFIDENCE: SECURED SOLUTION BRIEF TRIPWIRE NERC SOLUTION SUITE TAILORED SUITE OF PRODUCTS AND SERVICES TO AUTOMATE NERC CIP COMPLIANCE u u We ve been able to stay focused on our mission of delivering

More information

The first step in protecting Critical Cyber Assets is identifying them. CIP-002 focuses on this identification process.

The first step in protecting Critical Cyber Assets is identifying them. CIP-002 focuses on this identification process. CIPS Overview Introduction The reliability of the energy grid depends not only on physical assets, but cyber assets. The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) realized that, along with

More information

KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR MIGRATING TO THE VERSION 5 NERC CIP CYBER SECURITY STANDARDS

KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR MIGRATING TO THE VERSION 5 NERC CIP CYBER SECURITY STANDARDS KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR MIGRATING TO THE VERSION 5 NERC CIP CYBER SECURITY STANDARDS Lenny Mansell Director, Consulting Services 1 January 29, 2014 AGENDA Introduction Multiple paradigm shifts ahead How

More information

Verve Security Center

Verve Security Center Verve Security Center Product Features Supports multiple control systems. Most competing products only support a single vendor, forcing the end user to purchase multiple security systems Single solution

More information

NB Appendix CIP-004-5.1-NB-1 - Cyber Security Personnel & Training

NB Appendix CIP-004-5.1-NB-1 - Cyber Security Personnel & Training This appendix establishes modifications to the FERC approved NERC standard CIP-004-5.1 for its specific application in New Brunswick. This appendix must be read with CIP-004-5.1 to determine a full understanding

More information

Critical Controls for Cyber Security. www.infogistic.com

Critical Controls for Cyber Security. www.infogistic.com Critical Controls for Cyber Security www.infogistic.com Understanding Risk Asset Threat Vulnerability Managing Risks Systematic Approach for Managing Risks Identify, characterize threats Assess the vulnerability

More information

Automating NERC CIP Compliance for EMS. Walter Sikora 2010 EMS Users Conference

Automating NERC CIP Compliance for EMS. Walter Sikora 2010 EMS Users Conference Automating NERC CIP Compliance for EMS Walter Sikora 2010 EMS Users Conference What do we fear? Thieves / Extortionists Enemies/Terrorists Stuxnet Malware Hacker 2025 Accidents / Mistakes 9/21/2010 # 2

More information

How to Integrate NERC s Requirements in an Ongoing Automation and Integration Project Framework

How to Integrate NERC s Requirements in an Ongoing Automation and Integration Project Framework How to Integrate NERC s Requirements in an Ongoing Automation and Integration Project Framework Jacques Benoit, Cooper Power Systems Inc., Energy Automations Solutions - Cybectec Robert O Reilly, Cooper

More information

NERC CIP Implementation Prepared by David Grubbs City of Garland NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection Committee (CIPC) Municipal Systems are well represented on the NERC CIPC Committee David Grubbs,

More information

NERC CIP Whitepaper How Endian Solutions Can Help With Compliance

NERC CIP Whitepaper How Endian Solutions Can Help With Compliance NERC CIP Whitepaper How Endian Solutions Can Help With Compliance Introduction Critical infrastructure is the backbone of any nations fundamental economic and societal well being. Like any business, in

More information

Cyber Security Response to Physical Security Breaches

Cyber Security Response to Physical Security Breaches Cyber Security Response to Physical Security Breaches INTRODUCTION Physical break-ins and other unauthorized entries into critical infrastructure locations, such as electrical power substations, have historically

More information

Supporting our customers with NERC CIP compliance. James McQuiggan, CISSP

Supporting our customers with NERC CIP compliance. James McQuiggan, CISSP Supporting our customers with NERC CIP compliance James, CISSP Siemens Energy Sector Energy products and solutions - in 6 Divisions Oil & Gas Fossil Power Generation Renewable Energy Service Rotating Equipment

More information

SCADA Compliance Tools For NERC-CIP. The Right Tools for Bringing Your Organization in Line with the Latest Standards

SCADA Compliance Tools For NERC-CIP. The Right Tools for Bringing Your Organization in Line with the Latest Standards SCADA Compliance Tools For NERC-CIP The Right Tools for Bringing Your Organization in Line with the Latest Standards OVERVIEW Electrical utilities are responsible for defining critical cyber assets which

More information

Alberta Reliability Standard Cyber Security System Security Management CIP-007-AB-5

Alberta Reliability Standard Cyber Security System Security Management CIP-007-AB-5 A. Introduction 1. Title: 2. Number: 3. Purpose: To manage system security by specifying select technical, operational, and procedural requirements in support of protecting BES cyber systems against compromise

More information

Strong Security in NERC CIP Version 5: Unidirectional Security Gateways

Strong Security in NERC CIP Version 5: Unidirectional Security Gateways Strong Security in NERC CIP Version 5: Unidirectional Security Gateways Chris Humphreys CEO The Anfield Group Andrew Ginter Director of Industrial Security Waterfall Security Solutions Proprietary Information

More information

Honeywell Industrial Cyber Security Overview and Managed Industrial Cyber Security Services Honeywell Process Solutions (HPS) June 4, 2014

Honeywell Industrial Cyber Security Overview and Managed Industrial Cyber Security Services Honeywell Process Solutions (HPS) June 4, 2014 Industrial Cyber Security Overview and Managed Industrial Cyber Security Services Process Solutions (HPS) June 4, Industrial Cyber Security Industrial Cyber Security is the leading provider of cyber security

More information

Alberta Reliability Standard Cyber Security Personnel & Training CIP-004-AB-5.1

Alberta Reliability Standard Cyber Security Personnel & Training CIP-004-AB-5.1 Alberta Reliability Stard A. Introduction 1. Title: 2. Number: 3. Purpose: To minimize the risk against compromise that could lead to misoperation or instability in the bulk electric system from individuals

More information

When this standard has received ballot approval, the text boxes will be moved to the Guidelines and Technical Basis section of the Standard.

When this standard has received ballot approval, the text boxes will be moved to the Guidelines and Technical Basis section of the Standard. CIP-002-5 Cyber Security BES Cyber System Categorization When this standard has received ballot approval, the text boxes will be moved to the Guidelines and Technical Basis section of the Standard. A.

More information

SUBJECT: Effective Date Policy Number Security of Mobile Computing, Data Storage, and Communication Devices

SUBJECT: Effective Date Policy Number Security of Mobile Computing, Data Storage, and Communication Devices SUBJECT: Effective Date Policy Number Security of Mobile Computing, Data Storage, and Communication Devices 8-27-2015 4-007.1 Supersedes 4-007 Page Of 1 5 Responsible Authority Vice Provost for Information

More information

EnergySec Partnered Webinar with MetricStream Transitioning to NERC CIP Version 5: What Does it Mean for Electric Utilities JANUARY 28, 2015

EnergySec Partnered Webinar with MetricStream Transitioning to NERC CIP Version 5: What Does it Mean for Electric Utilities JANUARY 28, 2015 EnergySec Partnered Webinar with MetricStream Transitioning to NERC CIP Version 5: What Does it Mean for Electric Utilities JANUARY 28, 2015 Housekeeping Items Submit questions using control panel Contact

More information

NERC CIP Substation Cyber Security Update. John M Shaw Presentation to UTC Region 7 February 19, 2009 jshaw@garrettcom.com

NERC CIP Substation Cyber Security Update. John M Shaw Presentation to UTC Region 7 February 19, 2009 jshaw@garrettcom.com NERC CIP Substation Cyber Security Update John M Shaw Presentation to UTC Region 7 February 19, 2009 jshaw@garrettcom.com It s February 19, 2009 132 project days left to compliance Do you know where (what)

More information

Maximize Security to Minimize Compliance Costs. Technical Solutions Focused Webinar July 28, 2015 Sponsored by Waterfall Security Solutions

Maximize Security to Minimize Compliance Costs. Technical Solutions Focused Webinar July 28, 2015 Sponsored by Waterfall Security Solutions Maximize Security to Minimize Compliance Costs Technical Solutions Focused Webinar July 28, 2015 Sponsored by Waterfall Security Solutions Agenda Welcome and Panel Introduction Goals Why consider unidirectional

More information

Industrial Security for Process Automation

Industrial Security for Process Automation Industrial Security for Process Automation SPACe 2012 Siemens Process Automation Conference Why is Industrial Security so important? Industrial security is all about protecting automation systems and critical

More information

Department of Defense INSTRUCTION. Security of Unclassified DoD Information on Non-DoD Information Systems

Department of Defense INSTRUCTION. Security of Unclassified DoD Information on Non-DoD Information Systems Department of Defense INSTRUCTION NUMBER 8582.01 June 6, 2012 DoD CIO SUBJECT: Security of Unclassified DoD Information on Non-DoD Information Systems References: See Enclosure 1 1. PURPOSE. This Instruction:

More information

How To Write A Cyber Security Checkout On A Nerc Webinar

How To Write A Cyber Security Checkout On A Nerc Webinar AS WE PREPARE FOR OUR WEBINAR Thanks to each of you for taking the time to participate in our Webinar today, which will provide extensive insight into what is required to address the Version 5 NERC Cyber

More information

Secure Remote Substation Access Solutions

Secure Remote Substation Access Solutions Secure Remote Substation Access Solutions Supplemental Project - Introduction Webcast October 16, 2013 Scott Sternfeld, Project Manager Smart Grid Substation & Cyber Security Research Labs ssternfeld@epri.com

More information

John M Shaw Presentation to UTC Region 7 February 19, 2009 jshaw@garrettcom.com

John M Shaw Presentation to UTC Region 7 February 19, 2009 jshaw@garrettcom.com NERC CIP Substation Cyber Security Update John M Shaw Presentation to UTC Region 7 February 19, 2009 jshaw@garrettcom.com It s February 19, 2009 132 project days left to compliance Do you know where (what)

More information

Secure Remote Substation Access Interest Group Part 3: Review of Top Challenges, CIPv5 mapping, and looking forward to 2014!

Secure Remote Substation Access Interest Group Part 3: Review of Top Challenges, CIPv5 mapping, and looking forward to 2014! Secure Remote Substation Access Interest Group Part 3: Review of Top Challenges, CIPv5 mapping, and looking forward to 2014! October 3, 2013 Scott Sternfeld, Project Manager Smart Grid Substation & Cyber

More information

SYMMETRY WHITE PAPER. Support for Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) Cyber Security Standards. Adam Shane

SYMMETRY WHITE PAPER. Support for Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) Cyber Security Standards. Adam Shane SYMMETRY WHITE PAPER Support for Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) Cyber Security Standards Adam Shane Support for Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) Cyber Security Standards The Symmetry

More information

The North American Electric Reliability Corporation ( NERC ) hereby submits

The North American Electric Reliability Corporation ( NERC ) hereby submits December 8, 2009 VIA ELECTRONIC FILING Kirsten Walli, Board Secretary Ontario Energy Board P.O Box 2319 2300 Yonge Street Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 1E4 Re: North American Electric Reliability Corporation

More information

LogRhythm and NERC CIP Compliance

LogRhythm and NERC CIP Compliance LogRhythm and NERC CIP Compliance The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) is a nonprofit corporation designed to ensure that the bulk electric system in North America is reliable, adequate

More information

NERC CIP Compliance Gaining Oversight with ConsoleWorks

NERC CIP Compliance Gaining Oversight with ConsoleWorks NERC CIP Compliance Gaining Oversight with ConsoleWorks The current challenge for many Utility companies is finding efficient ways to gain oversight and control over NERC CIP regulation compliance. NERC

More information

Alberta Reliability Standard Cyber Security Security Management Controls CIP-003-AB-5

Alberta Reliability Standard Cyber Security Security Management Controls CIP-003-AB-5 A. Introduction 1. Title: 2. Number: 3. Purpose: To specify consistent and sustainable security management controls that establish responsibility and accountability to protect BES cyber systems against

More information

INFORMATION SECURITY SPECIFIC VENDOR COMPLIANCE PROGRAM (VCP) ACME Consulting Services, Inc.

INFORMATION SECURITY SPECIFIC VENDOR COMPLIANCE PROGRAM (VCP) ACME Consulting Services, Inc. INFORMATION SECURITY SPECIFIC VENDOR COMPLIANCE PROGRAM (VCP) ACME Consulting Services, Inc. Copyright 2016 Table of Contents INSTRUCTIONS TO VENDORS 3 VENDOR COMPLIANCE PROGRAM OVERVIEW 4 VENDOR COMPLIANCE

More information

Alberta Reliability Standard Cyber Security Configuration Change Management and Vulnerability Assessments CIP-010-AB-1

Alberta Reliability Standard Cyber Security Configuration Change Management and Vulnerability Assessments CIP-010-AB-1 A. Introduction 1. Title: 2. Number: 3. Purpose: To prevent and detect unauthorized changes to BES cyber systems by specifying configuration change management and vulnerability assessment requirements

More information

FINAL May 2005. Guideline on Security Systems for Safeguarding Customer Information

FINAL May 2005. Guideline on Security Systems for Safeguarding Customer Information FINAL May 2005 Guideline on Security Systems for Safeguarding Customer Information Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose of Guideline 1 2 Definitions 2 3 Internal Controls and Procedures 2 3.1

More information

Ohio Supercomputer Center

Ohio Supercomputer Center Ohio Supercomputer Center Portable Security Computing No: Effective: OSC-09 05/27/09 Issued By: Kevin Wohlever Director of Supercomputer Operations Published By: Ohio Supercomputer Center Original Publication

More information

i-pcgrid Workshop 2015 Cyber Security for Substation Automation The Jagged Line between Utility and Vendors

i-pcgrid Workshop 2015 Cyber Security for Substation Automation The Jagged Line between Utility and Vendors March 25-27, 2014 Steven A. Kunsman i-pcgrid Workshop 2015 Cyber Security for Substation Automation The Jagged Line between Utility and Vendors ABB Inc. March 26, 2015 Slide 1 Cyber Security for Substation

More information

FERC, NERC and Emerging CIP Standards

FERC, NERC and Emerging CIP Standards Protecting Critical Infrastructure and Cyber Assets in Power Generation and Distribution Embracing standards helps prevent costly fines and improves operational efficiency Bradford Hegrat, CISSP, Principal

More information

TRANSMISSION MAINTENANCE COORDINATION COMMITTEE (TMCC) MINUTES January 16, 2014 Meeting from ISO Headquarters Folsom, California

TRANSMISSION MAINTENANCE COORDINATION COMMITTEE (TMCC) MINUTES January 16, 2014 Meeting from ISO Headquarters Folsom, California TRANSMISSION MAINTENANCE COORDINATION COMMITTEE (TMCC) MINUTES January 16, 2014 Meeting from ISO Headquarters Folsom, California Steve Rutty, Acting Chairperson of the Transmission Maintenance Coordination

More information

Control System Integrity (CSI) Tools and Processes to Automate CIP Compliance for Control Systems

Control System Integrity (CSI) Tools and Processes to Automate CIP Compliance for Control Systems Control System Integrity (CSI) Tools and Processes to Automate CIP Compliance for Control Systems James Goosby Manager I&C Systems and Field Support 19 th Annual ARC Industry Forum Agenda About Us Compliance

More information

WHITE PAPER CYBER SECURITY AND ELECTRIC UTILITY COMMUNICATIONS WHAT NERC/CIP MEANS FOR YOUR MICROWAVE

WHITE PAPER CYBER SECURITY AND ELECTRIC UTILITY COMMUNICATIONS WHAT NERC/CIP MEANS FOR YOUR MICROWAVE CYBER SECURITY AND ELECTRIC UTILITY COMMUNICATIONS WHAT NERC/CIP MEANS FOR YOUR MICROWAVE MAY 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION... 3 2.0 MODERN ELECTRIC UTILITY COMMUNICATIONS... 4 2.1 DOMAINS AND

More information

Meeting NERC CIP Access Control Standards. Presented on February 12, 2014

Meeting NERC CIP Access Control Standards. Presented on February 12, 2014 Meeting NERC CIP Access Control Standards Presented on February 12, 2014 Presented By: CyberLock The leading supplier of key-centric access control systems Based in Corvallis, Oregon James T. McGowan Technology

More information

Cyber Security and Privacy - Program 183

Cyber Security and Privacy - Program 183 Program Program Overview Cyber/physical security and data privacy have become critical priorities for electric utilities. The evolving electric sector is increasingly dependent on information technology

More information

Consulting International

Consulting International NIST Cyber Security Working Group (CSWG) NISTIR 7628: NIST Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security Frances Cleveland Xanthus Consulting International Xanthus Consulting International fcleve@xanthus-consulting.com

More information

Security Policy for External Customers

Security Policy for External Customers 1 Purpose Security Policy for This security policy outlines the requirements for external agencies to gain access to the City of Fort Worth radio system. It also specifies the equipment, configuration

More information

Security Regulations and Standards for SCADA and Industrial Controls

Security Regulations and Standards for SCADA and Industrial Controls Security Regulations and Standards for SCADA and Industrial Controls Overview of NERC CIP and other Security Frameworks 1 65 th Annual Instrumentation Symposium for the Process Industry Topics Covered

More information

Standard CIP 004 3a Cyber Security Personnel and Training

Standard CIP 004 3a Cyber Security Personnel and Training A. Introduction 1. Title: Cyber Security Personnel & Training 2. Number: CIP-004-3a 3. Purpose: Standard CIP-004-3 requires that personnel having authorized cyber or authorized unescorted physical access

More information

Change and Configuration Management

Change and Configuration Management Change and Configuration Management for CIP Compliance OCTOBER 21, 2009 Developed with: Presenters Bart Thielbar, CISA Senior Research hanalyst Sierra Energy Group, a Division of Energy Central CIP-003,

More information

1 Purpose... 2. 2 Scope... 2. 3 Roles and Responsibilities... 2. 4 Physical & Environmental Security... 3. 5 Access Control to the Network...

1 Purpose... 2. 2 Scope... 2. 3 Roles and Responsibilities... 2. 4 Physical & Environmental Security... 3. 5 Access Control to the Network... Contents 1 Purpose... 2 2 Scope... 2 3 Roles and Responsibilities... 2 4 Physical & Environmental Security... 3 5 Access Control to the Network... 3 6 Firewall Standards... 4 7 Wired network... 5 8 Wireless

More information

Security Control Standard

Security Control Standard Department of the Interior Security Control Standard Physical and Environmental Protection April 2011 Version: 1.1 Signature Approval Page Designated Official Bernard J. Mazer, Department of the Interior,

More information

149 FERC 61,140 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION. 18 CFR Part 40. [Docket No. RM14-15-000; Order No.

149 FERC 61,140 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION. 18 CFR Part 40. [Docket No. RM14-15-000; Order No. 149 FERC 61,140 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION 18 CFR Part 40 [Docket No. RM14-15-000; Order No. 802] Physical Security Reliability Standard (Issued November 20, 2014) AGENCY:

More information

North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Cyber Security Standard

North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Cyber Security Standard North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Cyber Security Standard Symantec Managed Security Services Support for CIP Compliance Overviewview The North American Electric Reliability Corporation

More information

How To Protect Research Data From Being Compromised

How To Protect Research Data From Being Compromised University of Northern Colorado Data Security Policy for Research Projects Contents 1.0 Overview... 1 2.0 Purpose... 1 3.0 Scope... 1 4.0 Definitions, Roles, and Requirements... 1 5.0 Sources of Data...

More information

SCADA System Security. ECE 478 Network Security Oregon State University March 7, 2005

SCADA System Security. ECE 478 Network Security Oregon State University March 7, 2005 SCADA System Security ECE 478 Network Security Oregon State University March 7, 2005 David Goeke Hai Nguyen Abstract Modern public infrastructure systems

More information

IT Networking and Security

IT Networking and Security elearning Course Outlines IT Networking and Security powered by Calibrate elearning Course Outline CompTIA A+ 801: Fundamentals of Computer Hardware/Software www.medallionlearning.com Fundamentals of Computer

More information

Continuous Compliance for Energy and Nuclear Facility Cyber Security Regulations

Continuous Compliance for Energy and Nuclear Facility Cyber Security Regulations Continuous Compliance for Energy and Nuclear Facility Cyber Security Regulations Leveraging Configuration and Vulnerability Analysis for Critical Assets and Infrastructure May 2015 (Revision 2) Table of

More information

Security Solutions to Meet NERC-CIP Requirements. Kevin Staggs, Honeywell Process Solutions

Security Solutions to Meet NERC-CIP Requirements. Kevin Staggs, Honeywell Process Solutions Kevin Staggs, Honeywell Process Solutions Table of Contents Introduction...3 Nerc Standards and Implications...3 How to Meet the New Requirements...4 Protecting Your System...4 Cyber Security...5 A Sample

More information

Cyber Self Assessment

Cyber Self Assessment Cyber Self Assessment According to Protecting Personal Information A Guide for Business 1 a sound data security plan is built on five key principles: 1. Take stock. Know what personal information you have

More information

FIREWALL CHECKLIST. Pre Audit Checklist. 2. Obtain the Internet Policy, Standards, and Procedures relevant to the firewall review.

FIREWALL CHECKLIST. Pre Audit Checklist. 2. Obtain the Internet Policy, Standards, and Procedures relevant to the firewall review. 1. Obtain previous workpapers/audit reports. FIREWALL CHECKLIST Pre Audit Checklist 2. Obtain the Internet Policy, Standards, and Procedures relevant to the firewall review. 3. Obtain current network diagrams

More information

Recommended 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network Architecture

Recommended 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network Architecture NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY Ft. George G. Meade, MD I332-008R-2005 Dated: 23 September 2005 Network Hardware Analysis and Evaluation Division Systems and Network Attack Center Recommended 802.11 Wireless

More information

SUBJECT: SECURITY OF ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS COMPLIANCE WITH THE HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 1996 (HIPAA)

SUBJECT: SECURITY OF ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS COMPLIANCE WITH THE HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 1996 (HIPAA) UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH POLICY SUBJECT: SECURITY OF ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS COMPLIANCE WITH THE HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 1996 (HIPAA) DATE: March 18, 2005 I. SCOPE This

More information