TheHow and Why of Being a Homeowner

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1 Index ABPI (Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry) 164, 165-6, 167, 171 accountability of healthcare organisations 73, Alternative Provider Medical Services see APMS Alzheimer s disease drug treatment 169 APMS (Alternative Provider Medical Services) 177-8, 182 Arrows Framework 29-32, 33, 34-5, 36 Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry see ABPI asylum-seekers 142, 144 Audit Commission 14, 18, 22, 74, 76 beta interferon see Interferon beta Blair, Tony 18, 89, 167 analysis of speeches 57 involvement in health policy formation see also Labour government (1997-) Bossert, T 28 breast cancer treatment, Herceptin 91, 170 budget deficits in NHS Burns, Harry 4, 108 CHCs (Community Health Councils) 61, 62, 97, , CHI (Commission for Health Improvement) 76, 78 Choose and Book 175, 176, 181 chronic health conditions, primary care services for 176, 179 clinical governance 76, 80 Clinical Standards Advisory Group 74 Commission for Equality and Human Rights 146 Commission for Health Improvement see CHI Community Health Councils see CHCs complaints by patients 61, 66, 68-9 Independent Complaints Advocacy Service 101 Conservative government ( ): health policy 61, 62-4, 74-5 public health issues 112 consumerism in health policy 57-69, 74-5 Cooper, D 138 decentralisation 28-9 of health services 2, 27, 29-36, 63, 67-8 deficits in NHS budgets demand management: Porsetshire case study 130-1, see also rationing of healthcare services Department of Health see Health, Department of disability rights 138, 146 diversity 5, EBM (evidence-based medicine) 48, 86-7, Ellis, Havelock 110 England: patient choice 33-4 reform of primary care services epidemiological studies, public health issues 155, 156 Equality Act (2006) 146 Equality and Diversity: Making it Happen (HMSO) 146 ethics 149, of vaccination virtue ethics EU: impact on NHS 1, 9-12 impact on UK pharmaceutical policy 172 European Union see EU evidence-based medicine see EBM exit and voice theory see Hirschman, A

2 300 First Class Service, A (Department of Health) 76, 130 Foundation Trusts 32 financial management 19 four Ps 17, 23 gender equality 138, 146 general medical services contract see ngms general practitioners see GP services generic medicines policy case study 44, 46-9, 51-5 GP services: accountability to patients 76 at establishment of NHS IM&T systems in practices 179, 181 ngms contracts and patient choice 59-60, 62, 63, 65-8, 74-5, 76 Porsetshire case study 128 reform in England relationship with PCTs Griffiths Report (1983) 61, 68, 74, 113 Health Policy and Politics Herceptin 91, 170 herd immunity , 159 Hewitt, Patricia 14, 18, 91, 115, 170 Hirschman, A, exit and voice theory 2-3, 23, 61, 67, 73-4, 81 hospital Trusts, budget deficits 13, Human Rights Act (1998) 146 Hursthouse, Rosalind 158 IM&T systems in general practice 179, 181 immunisation programmes, ethics of 5-6, , 152, 155, Independent Complaints Advocacy Service 101 see also patient complaints inputs, process and outcomes see IPO configurations Interferon beta as treatment for multiple sclerosis 88-91, 169 IPO configurations 30-1, 35, 36 King s Fund 14-15, 43 HCC (Healthcare Commission): financial standards Health Act (1999) 166 Health, Department of: policy-making 2, 16-17, 42-9 relationship with pharmaceutical industry 163,164, 165-9, 171, 172 Health of the Nation (White Paper 1992) 112, 129 health policy: Conservative government ( ) 61, 62-4, 74 consumerism in 57-69, 74 Department of Health 42-9 formation of Labour government (1997-) 13-24, 69 methodology of document analysis 57-9 patient choice 32, 33-4, 35, responsiveness to patients 58-9, 60-1, 63-5, 66-8 health promotion, Scotland 4, , health scrutiny by local authorities 3, 97, Health Select Committee: review of NICE 170 review of pharmaceutical industry Healthcare Commission see HCC Labour government (1997-): and EU health policy 9 health policy 1-2, 13-24, 69, 75-6, 81, 129, 130 New NHS: Modern, Dependable, The (White Paper) 58, 86, 130 relationship with pharmaceutical industry modernisation of policy making 2, 41-2 public health policy 112 LINks (Local Involvement Networks) 103 local authorities: health scrutiny by 97, public health departments 109 Local Involvement Networks see LINks LTLS (Long-Term Leadership Strategy) 168, 171 Manchester, Pakistani community study 143 Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency see MHRA Mental Health Bill case study 44, 46-9, 51-5 mental health services, commissioning by PCTs 79 MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency) 164, 165, 171

3 Index 301 migrant communities 142, 144, 146 Milburn, Alan 13, 15, 16, 20, 22 Ministerial Industry Strategy Group see MISG Mirza, Munira 146 MISG (Ministerial Industry Strategy Group) 168 MMR vaccine 149, 150, 151, 159 modernisation of government policy making 2, 41-2 in Department of Health 42-9 Modernising Government (White Paper) 2, 41-2 multiculturalism 138, multiple sclerosis, Interferon beta treatment 88-91, 169 National Health Service see NHS National Institute for Clinical Excellence see NICE National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence see NICE National Service Frameworks see NSFs Nationalisation of Health, The (Ellis) 110 New Labour see Labour government (1997 ) New NHS: Modern, Dependable, The (White Paper) 58, 86, 130 New Public Health see NPH ngms (new general medical services contract) 6, NHS: budget deficits decentralisation of services 27, 29-36, 63, 67-8 diversity policy financial management impact of EU 9-12 race issues 142 setting up of NHS and Community Care Act (1990) 122 NHS Direct 176 NICE (National Institute for Clinical Excellence) 76, 86-92, 163, 165, 167 relationship with pharmaceutical industry non-executive directors on PCT boards 76, 77-8 NPH (New Public Health) 4, 69, , criticisms of NSFs (National Service Frameworks) 76, 130, 163, 167 OFT (Office of Fair Trading) review of PPRS scheme 166-7, 169 orthopaedic services, Porsetshire case study OSCs (overview and scrutiny committees, local authorities) Our Health, Our Care, Our Say (White Paper) 21, Our National Health (Scottish Executive) 107, 108 overview and scrutiny committees (local authorities) see OSCs Pakistani community study, Manchester 143 PALS (Patient Advice and Liaison Service) 78, 101 Partnership for Care. Scotland s White Paper 107 Patient Advice and Liaison Service see PALS patient choice 32, 33-4, 35 GP services 59-60, 62, 63, 65-8, 74-5, 76 in health policy documents private healthcare provision 60, 61, 62 patient complaints 61, 66, 68-9 Independent Complaints Advocacy Service 101 Patient and Public Involvement Forums see PPIFs Patient s Charter 74, 85, 99, 134 Payment by Results 17, 19, 24, 32 PbC (practice-based commissioning) 32, 103, 175, 180, 181 PCTs (primary care trusts) 75 accountability to patients 76-8 budget deficits 13, 24 commissioning of services 79 governance types relationship with GP services see also primary care performance targets see targets Personal Medical Services see PMS PFI (Private Finance Initiative) 17, 21, 23 pharmaceutical industry: economic impact 164

4 302 Health Select Committee review (2005) influence on health policy 6, 163 licensing of medicines long-term investment PICTF price regulation regulation 164-5, 168, 170 relationship with Department of Health 163, 164, 165-9, 171, 172 relationship with NICE Pharmaceutical Industry Competitiveness Taskforce see PICTF Pharmaceutical Price Regulations Scheme see PPRS PICTF (Pharmaceutical Industry Competitiveness Taskforce) PMS (Personal Medical Services) 177 policy network theory 5, Porritt Report (1962) 58, 60 Porsetshire case study postcode rationing 86, 87 PPIFs (Patient and Public Involvement Forums) 101 PPRS (Pharmaceutical Price Regulations Scheme) 165-7, 169 practice-based commissioning see PbC Prescription Medicines Code of Practice Authority 165 price regulation of pharmaceutical industry primary care 3, 33, 76, 78, private services 79, 181, 182 reform of services in England see also GP services, PCTs Primary Care Trusts see PCTs Private Finance Initiative see PFI private sector health provision 17, 23, 24 patient choice 60, 61, 62 primary care services 79, 181, 182 privatisation 17, 23 Professional Policy Making for the 21st Century (Cabinet Office) 42, 44, 45, 47, 48 public consultation in NHS services 3, public health departments, local authorities 109 public health issues: Conservative government ( ) 112 Health Policy and Politics epidemiological studies 155, 156 ethics 149, EU powers 9, 10 evidence-based policy NPH (New Public Health) 4, 69, , criticisms of in primary care 176, 180 Scotland 4, , Putnam, R QALYs (quality-adjusted life years) 87, 92 QOF (Quality and Outcomes Framework) 178-9, 180, 181, 182 quality-adjusted life years see QALYs quasi-markets in healthcare provision 3, 73-4, 75, 79, 85, 86 RAB (Resource Accounting and Budgeting) 22 race racial equality 138, 146 rationing of healthcare services 86-7, 89 see also demand management Reducing Health Inequalities: An Action Report 108 regulation of pharmaceutical industry 164-5, 168, 170 Regulatory Impact Assessments see RIAs Reid, John 13 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Interferon beta treatment 88-91, 169 Resource Accounting and Budgeting see RAB responsiveness: in general practice 180 in health policy 58-9, 60-1, 63-5, 66-8 of healthcare organisations 2-3, 73, RIAs (Regulatory Impact Assessments) 48 Rondinelli, D A 28, 29 Rousseau, J J 138 Scotland: health promotion 4, , primary care organisations 33 Scottish Medicines Consortium 87 smoking ban in public places 108 Scotland s Health: A challenge to us all (White Paper) 112

5 Index 303 self care for minor ailments 176, 179 Service Level Agreements see SLAs sexual orientation 138 SHAs (Strategic Health Authorities): accountability of PCTs to 78 budget deficits in 13 Shifting the Balance of Power (Department of Health) 18, 20, 22 Shropshire and Staffordshire SHA 13, 19 single market rules (EU), application to health services Sivanandan, A 143, 144 SLAs (Service Level Agreements) 79 smoking ban in public places 115 Scotland 108 social capital 28, SPMS (Specialist Provider Medical Services) 177-8, 182 Strategic Health Authorities see SHAs Strong and Prosperous Communities (White Paper) 103 Stronger Local Voice, A (Department of Health) 103 targets 16, 17-18, 34, 122 Accident and Emergency services 15 Porsetshire case study 127 see also waiting times Thatcher, Margaret see Conservative government ( ) Third Way see Labour government (1997-), health policy utilitarianism 152-3, 158 vaccination programmes, ethics of 5-6, , 152, 155, virtue ethics voice mechanisms see Hirschman, A, exit and voice theory waiting times Porsetshire case study see also targets Wales: community study patient choice 33, 34 primary care organisations 33 WHO (World Health Organisation) 111