FOUR YEARS BACHELORS PROGRAMME PHILOSOPHY:MAJOR

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1 FOUR YEARS BACHELORS PROGRAMME PHILOSOPHY:MAJOR CORE COURSE: MAJOR/COURSE: Phil111: An Introduction to Ethics-1 Phil121: Introduction to Ethics-II Phil 211: History of Greek Phil-1 Phil 212: Introduction to Psychology-1 Phil 221: History of Greek Phil-II Phil 222: Introduction to Psychology-II Phil 311: History of Medieval Philosophy-1 Phil 312: History of Early modern Philosiphy-1 Phil 313: History of Later Modern Philosophy-1 Phil 321: History of Medieval Philosophy-II Phil 322: History of Early Modern Philosophy-II Phil 323: History of Later Modern Philosophy-II Phil 411: History of Muslim Philosophy-1 Phil 412: Analytical Philosophy-1 Phil 413: Advanced Logic-1 Phil 414: Philosophy of Science Phil 421: History of Muslim Phil-II Phil 422: Analytical Philosophy-II Phil 423: Advanced Logic-II Phil 424: Philosophy Of Religion. CREDIT HOURS.

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3 FOUR YEARS BACHELORS PROGRAMME PHILOSOPHY:MAJOR 1 st year Core Courses 1 st SEMESTER: 2 nd SEMESTER: Major Courses 2 nd year Core Courses Major Courses Supp: Minor 3. Phil111: Introduction to Ethics Phil 211: History of Greek Phil- I 4. Phil 212: An Introduction to Psychology Phil121: Introduction to Ethics-II Phil 221: History of Greek Phil-II 3. Phil 222: An Introduction to Psychology-II rd year Core Courses Major Courses Supp: Minor 4 th year Major Courses Phil 311: History of Medieval Phil-1 3. Phil 312: History of Early Modern Phil-1 4. Phil 313: History of Later Modern Phil Phil 411: History of Muslim Phil-I 2. Phil 412: Analytical Philosophy-I 3. Phil 413: Advanced Logic-1 4. Phil 414: Philosophy of Science Phil 321: History of Medieval Phil-II 3. Phil 322: History of Early Modern Phil-II 4. Phil 323: History of Later Modern Phil-II Phil 421: History of Muslim Phil-II 2. Phil 422: Analytical Philosophy-II 3. Phil 423: Advanced Logic-II 4. Phil 424: Philosophy Of Religion. Supp: Minor 5. 5.

4 Phil 111. An introduction to Philosophy-I. Introduction (1) Definition of Philosophy. (2) Scope of Philosophy. (i) Ontology. (ii) Epistemology. (iii) Axiology, Logic, Aesthetics, Ethics. (3) Value and importance of Philosophy (4) Philosophy and Religion. (5) Philosophy and Science. Books Recommended (1) Introduction to Philosophy by Patrick, G.T.W (2) Fundamental of Philosophy by David Stewart / H. Gene Blocker (Second edition) (3) Elements of Philosophy. By Dr. Abdul Khaliq. (4) Issues in Philosophy by Calvin Pinchin (5) Philosophy: The Basic issues, second edition, edited by E. D. Klenke, A. David Kline, Robert Hollinger. (6) Socrates to Sartre by Samuel Enoch Stumpf Phil 121. An introduction to Philosophy-II. (1) Theories of knowledge. Rationalism, Empiricism, Authoritarianism or Testimony, Mysticism, Idealism and kinds of idealism Subjective idealism, Objectivism, Personal idealism. Critical evaluation of idealism. Materialism and Naturalism Mechanical Materialism and Dialectical Materialism. (2) Metaphysical problems of Philosophy. a. Existence of God, Pantheism, Deism. b. Proofs for the existence of God ( Cosmological, Ontological, Teleological Augments ) c. Human immortality. d. Freedom of will. (3) Evolution. (i) Kinds of Evolution: ( Mechanical Evolution, Teleological Evolution, Creative Evolution.

5 (ii) Theories of Evolution. (a) Darwinian Theory of Evolution (Struggle for existence, survival of the fittest, Natural selection) (b) Lamarckian theory of Evolution. (c) Miskawaih concept of Evolution. (d) Allama Iqbal concept of Evolution. Books Recommended (1) Introduction to Philosophy by Patrick, G.T.W (2) Fundamental of Philosophy by David Stewart / H. Gene Blocker (Second edition) (3) Elements of Philosophy. By Dr. Abdul Khaliq. (4) Issues in Philosophy by Calvin Pinchin (5) Philosophy: The Basic issues, second edition, edited by E. D. Klenke, A. David Kline, Robert Hollinger. (6) Socrates to Sartre by Samuel Enoch Stumpf Phil 211. Greek Philosophy-I. (Pre-Socratic Philosophy). (General Characteristics and Development). (a) Early Pre-Socratics: Thales: Anaximander. Anaximenes: Phythagoras and Phythagoreans: Heraclitus: Xenophanes: Parmenides: Zeno: Melissues. (b) Later Pre-Socratics: Empedocles: Anaxagoras: The Atomists: The Sophists: Their Rise and influence. Books Recommend 1. Acritical History of Greek Philosophy by Stace. 2. History of Philosophy by Windelband. 3. The Pre-Socratic Philosophers by Kirk & Reven. 4. History of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell. 5. History of Philosophy by Copleston. 6. Greek Philosophy by Guthrie.

6 Phil 212. An Introduction To Ethics-I. 1. Nature, definition and scope of ethics, relation of ethics to psychology, metaphysics and religion. Use and value of study of ethics. 2. Evolution of conduct. Stages in the development of morality. Comparison of Customary with reflective morality. Transition from customary to reflective morality. Value and defects of customary morality. 3. The psychological basis of Ethics. Moral and non-moral actions. Nature and development of desire. Wants and appetites: wish and will. Motives and intention; character and conduct. Development of character. Freedom of will. Determinism, indeterminism, self determinism, and fatalism, freedom and moral responsibility 4. Nature of the moral judgment. Appreciative and descriptive judgments. Subject and object of moral judgment. 5. Critical analysis of the chief theories of the moral standard. Intuitionism and moral sense school. 1. Introduction to Ethics by William Lillie. 2. Manual of Ethics by Mackenzie. Phil 221. Philosophy of Education.. 1. Is there really a philosophy of education? 2. Meaning/Concepts of Education. 3. subject Matter of Philosophy of Education. 4. Impact of Philosophy of Education on a. Aims and objectives and functions of education. b. Curriculum c. Teaching-learning process.

7 d. The role of the School and society. Main Types of General Philosophy and Educational Philosophy. 1) Naturalism 2) Idealism 3) Realism 4) Pragmatism/Experimentalism 5) Existentialism Contemporary Philosophy of Education 1) Conservative Philosophy 2) Perrenialism 3) Essentialism 4) Progressive Philosophies 5) Progressivism 6) Reconstructionism 7) Is there any eclectic Philosophy of education. Islam and Educational Theory: 1) Concept of reality, Knowledge and values 2) Aims 3) Curriculum and content 4) The role of teacher 5) The teaching-learning strategies 6) Functions of school and society Required Readings: Butler. J. D Barrow.R. (1970) Four Philosophies, New York: Harpa. Brother, U.S.A (1981) The philosophy of Schooling, Somerest, N.J, Halsted Press. Brameld, T.B. (1955) Philosophies of Education in Cultural Perspective, New York, Dryden Press. O Connor, D.J (1957) An introduction to the philosophy of Education. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Phil 222. Greek Philosophy-II.

8 (Socrates & Post Socratic Period) 1. Socrates. His life and personality: The Socratic Philosophy: Sources: Aim and Method: His influence on his successors. 2. Plato. (i) Life and writing. (ii) The Theory of Knowledge. (iii) Dialectic or the theory of Ideas. (iv) Physics.(v) The Theory of the State. (vii) Views upon Art. (viii) The Influence of Platonism. (ix) Apology. (x) Euthyphro. (xi) Phaedo. (xii) Phaedrus. (xiii) Republic. (xiv) Meno. (xv) Sophist. (xvi) Gorgias. (xvii) Theatetus. 3. Aristotle. (i) Life and works. (ii) Logic. (iii) Metaphysics. (iv) Physics. (v) Ethics. (vi) Aesthetics (vii) Politics (viii) The Influence of Aristotelian Philosophy. 4. The Stoics Philosophy. The Stoics Logic: Physics and Ethics. 5. The Epicurians. Epicurus and his School: Physics and Ethics. 1. Acritical History of Greek Philosophy by Stace. 2. History of Philosophy by Windelband. 3. The Pre-Socratic Philosophers by Kirk & Reven. 4. History of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell. 5. History of Philosophy by Copleston. 6. Greek Philosophy by Guthrie.?????Phil 205. An Introduction To Ethics-II. 1. The standard as law, The law of tribe. The law of God. The law of nature. The law of reason. Categorical and hypothetical imperatives. The doctrine of Kant.

9 2. Standard as pleasure. Varieties of hedonism. Psychological hedonism, egoistic hedonism and utilitarianism, Views of Benthem, Mill and Sedgwick. 3. Standard as given by evolution, Evolutionary Ethics with special reference to Herbert Spencer s view of ethics. 4. Standard as perfection. Self- realization as the moral standard. Self realization and self-sacrifice. Green s view of ethics. Eudemonism. A critical estimate of the theory of Self-realization. 5. The standard as value. The meaning of value. Ethical values. Intrinsic and extrinsic values. Classification of values. Moral good as an organic whole of intrinsically valuable parts. 6. The relation different. Theories to practice. The evidence of experience. The authority of moral standard casuistry. 7. Individual and society. Society as the background of moral life. Individualistic and collective theories of society. Society as an organism. Idealistic view of society. Egoism, Altruism and universalism. 8. The concept of moral obligation. Rights and duties. The problem of determination of duties. Virtues. Plato and Aristotle s view of virtues. Theories of punishment. Moral Progress. 9. Professional Ethics. Ethics and social evils. Citizenship, Beggary, Marriage and divorce Racial prejudices. 1. Introduction to Ethics by William Lillie. 2. Manual of Ethics by Mackenzie.??????Phil/206. Elementary Logic. Introduction What is Logic? Argument. Premises and conclusion.

10 Deduction and Induction. Truth and Validity. Uses of language. Three basic function of language. Discourse serving Multiple function. Kinds of agreement and Disagreement. Emotively neutral Language. Fallacies. Fallacies of Relevance. Fallacies of Ambiguity. Avoiding Fallacies. Definition. Deduction. Induction. Disputes, Verbal disputes and Definitions. Categorical Syllogism. Categorical Proposition and classes. Quality, Quantity, and Distribution. Symbolism and Diagram for Categorical Syllogism. Standard-form Categorical Syllogism. Venn-Diagram technique for testing syllogism. Rules and Fallacies. Analogy and probable inferences. Arguments by analogy. Appraising analogical arguments. Refutation by logical analogy. 1. Copi, I.M -- Introduction to Logic. 2. Beginning logic by lemmon B.J. 3. A Modern Elementary Logic by L.Susan Stebbing. 4. The Element of Logic by Stephen F/ barker.

11 Phil 311. History of Medieval Philosophy-I. (i) (ii) Methodological differences between Orthodoxism and Rationalism. Main Problem: Reason Vs. Revelation. Problem of Evil. Free will and Determinism. Nature of God: Man and the External World Problems will be discussed with special Reference to the following Medieval thinkers Attempt Will also be made to assess their impact on the Development of modern thought. Movements / Thinkers. (1) Mutazilism. (2) Asharism. (3) Al-Kindi. (4) Al-Farabi. (5) Al-Ghazali. (6) Ibn-i-Sina. (7) Ibn-i-Rushd. 1. A History of Muslim Philosophy, by M.M Sharif - vol. I 2. Muslim Philosophy, by Sheik Saeed. Phil 312. History of Early Modern European Philosophy-I. 1. Introduction: Transition from Medieval to Modern Philosophy: Bacon and Hobes. 2. Descartes: His problem. Method and Criterion of knowledge. Proofs of the existence of God. Existence of the External World. Relation of body and Mind. The Theory of Innate deas. 3. Spinoza: Rationalism. The Universal Substances. Attributes of God. The Doctrine of modes. Theory of Knowledge. The Intellectual Love of God. Ethics. 4. Leibniz. The problem. The doctrine of Force. Doctrine of Monads. Proofs of the Existence of God. The best possible world. Preestablished Harmony/ Theory of Knowledge.

12 1) Meditations. 2) Ethics. 3) Monodology. 4) History of Modern Philosophy by Mayer 5) History of Philosophy by F. Copleston. 6) History of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell. Phil 313. History of Later Modern European Philosophy-I () 1. Kant. His problem the Transcendental Method. The Theory of Perception. The Theory of Understanding. Validity of Judgement. Impossibility of Metaphysics. Ethics. 2. Fichte: Post Kantian Philosophy: Aim and Method of the science of knowledge. Knowledge of the Ego. The External world Objective Idealism. Moral Philosophy. Books Recommended: 1) 1. Kant: Critique of Pure Reason. 2) 2. Fichte: The Science of knowledge. 3) F.Copleston: A History of Philosophy. 4) W.Wright: History of Modern Philosophy. 5) Mayer: History of Modern Philosophy. 6) B. Russell: History of Western Philosophy Phil 321. Philosophy Of Religion. 1. Introduction To The Philosophy Of Religion. 2. Justification Of Religion With Reference To Kant, Kierkegaard, Bergson, Iqbal And Some Other Thinkers. 3. The Concept Of God And Some Philosophical Proofs For The Existence Of God. 4. Immortality Of Man. 5. Revelation, Intuition, Religious Experience And Extrasensory Perception. 6. Religion, Reason And Faith.

13 7. Religion, Morality And Social Life. 1. The Two Sources Of Morality And Religion By Henry Berson. 2. Verities Of Religious Experience By William James. 3. The Reconstruction Of Religious Thought In Islam By Allama M. Iqbal. 4. Issues In Philosophy By Calvin Pinchin. 5. Philosophy-- The Basic Issues (Second Edition). Edited By E.D. Klemke, A.David Kline, Robert Hollinger. 6. Fundamental Of Philosophy. (Second Edition) By David Stewart / H. Gene Blocker. 7. An Introduction To Philosophical Analysis. (Revised Edition) By John Hospers. 8. Existentialist Thinkers And Thought. Edited By Frederick Patka. 9. The Bible, The Quran And Science By Maurice Bucaiile. 10. Islam A Challenge To Religion. By G.A. Parrvez. 11.Philosophy Of Religion. By Dr. Intisar-Ul-Haque. Phil 322. History of Medieval Philosophy-II. (a) Methodological differences between scholasticism. Empiricism Greek and Modern Philosophy. (b) Main Problem Reason Vs. Revelation. Problem of Evil. Free will And Determinism. Nature of God: Man and the External World. Problems of Time Immortality of the soul. These and similar other Ethical and metaphysical problems will be discussed with special reference to the following medieval thinkers Attempt will also be made to assess their impact on the development of modern thought. 2. St. Augustine. 3. Thomas Aquinas. 3. Plotinus. 1. St. Augustine. The City Of God 2. St. Aquinas Introduction To Summa Theological. 3. F.C. Copleston: A History Of European Philosophy. (Medieval Section) 4. E.Gilson :History Of European Philosophy.

14 4. F.C.Copleston : A History Of Medieval Philosophy. Phil 323. History of Early Modern European Philosophy-II. 1. Locke: rejection of Innate ideas. Origin of Knowledge., Nature and Validity of Knowledge. The limits of knowledge. 2. Berkeley: Rejection of Abstract ideas. To be is to be perceived. The world of spirit. Objections answered. Rejection of Dualism Atheism. And Scepticism. 3. Hume: Origin of knowledge. Causality. Validity of knowledge. Knowledge of the External world. Rejection of Soul-substance. Liberty and necessity. Reason and sentiments in morals. Theory of Justice. 1) Essay concerning Human Understanding 2) Principles of Human Knowledge. 3) Treatise of Human nature or Enquires Concerning Human Understanding and concerning the Principal of Morals. 4) History of Modern Philosophy by Mayer. 5) History of Philosophy by F. Copleston. 6) History of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell.??????Phil. 307 History of Later Modern European Philosophy-II () 1) Hegel. The Problem of Philosophy. The dialectical Method. Thought and Being. Logic and Metaphysics. Philosophy of Mind. Philosophy of Nature. 2) Comte: Science as religion. The three stage of thought. The Positivistic view of Science. 3) Marx:

15 Dialectical Materialism. Historical Materialism. Manifesto. Books recommended. 1) F.Copleston: A History of Philosophy. 2) W.Wright: History of Modern Philosophy. 3) Mayer: History of Modern Philosophy. 4) B. Russell: History of Western Philosophy. 5) Comte: Course on the Positive Philosophy. 6) K. Marx: Das Capital. Communist Manifesto. 7) K. Marx: Critique of Political Economy. Phil 411. History of Muslim philosophy-i. (A) Theological Philosophical Movement / Thinker. (i) Ikhwan al sufa. (ii) Sufism. (iii) Ashraqi Movement. (iv) Ibn Khaldun: Philosophy of History. Historical Method. The Subject of History 1) History of Muslim Philosophy by M.M Sharif. 2) Ibn Khaldun- Maqaddima. 3) Muslim Philosophy by Shiekh Saeed. Phil 412. Analytical philosophy-i. 1. Introduction to the Concept of Analysis. 2. Words and the World. (i) Relation of words to Things. (ii) Class-words and Classification. (iii) Ambiguity. Vagueness: (iv) Definition: Ostensive Definition. (v) Sentence. Proposition: Sentence-Meaning. 3. Knowledge. (i) Knowledge and Belief. (ii) Scepticism and Fallibilism. (iii) Certainty and Incorrigibility. (iv) Concept.

16 (v) Rationalism and Empiricism of concept. (v) Truth: Empirical and necessary. Book Recommended. 1. J. Hospers Introduction to Philosophical Analysis. 2. J. Hospers - Readings in Introductory Philosophical Analysis. 3. Percept and Object. By Intisar- ul Haque. 4. Intisar-ul-Haque Wittgenstein s Logical Mirror. 5. Intisar-ul-Haque A critical Study of Logical Paradoxes. 6. Intisar-ul-Haque Philosophy of Religion. 7. A.J. Ayer (i) Problems of knowledge. (ii) Foundation of Empirical Knowledge. (iii) Philosophical Essays. 8. R.J. Butler Anlytical Philosophy. 9. G. Ryle Concept of Mind. 10. M. Laerowit Structure of Metaphysics. 11. Quinton Nature of Things. 12. I..Wittgenstein Philosophical Investigations. 13. W.H. Walsh Reason and Experience. 14. H.H.Price Perception. 15. H.H. Price Thinking and Experience. 16. G.E. Moore Proofs of the External World. 17. G. Ryle Dilemmas. Phil 413. Advance Logic-I. Introduction What is logic? Argument Premises and Conclusion Deduction and Induction Truth and Validity SYMBOLIC LOGIC The values of Special symbols. The symbols for Conjunction, Disjunction, and Negation Conditional statements and material implication Truth Tables Statement form Material Equivalence, and Logical Equivalence The Three Laws of Thought

17 Induction Analogy and probably inference Argument by Analogy Appraising Analogical Argument Causal Connections The meaning of Cause. Mill s Method of Experimental Inquiry. A Brief Introduction of Science And Hypothesis The values of Science Implantation: Scientific and Unscientific Evaluating Scientific Explanation Probability REQUIRED READINGS 1) Irving M. Copi. Introduction to Logic, Macmillan 2) Hurley, P.G, Introduction to Logic, California, Worth Publishing Co. 3) Lemon. E. J, Beginning Logic, Indain-Polis Hachett Publishing Co. 4) Kearns, John T, The Principle of Deductive Logic, State University of New York Press, Albany. 5) Jeffery Riched, Formal Logic: Its Scope & Limits, N.Y MeGraw Hills. Phil 414. Philosophy Of Science 3 Credit / hours 1. Causality b) Hume s Analysis. c) Mill s Methods. 2. Hypothesis In Science. a) Evidence & Hypothesis. b) The structure Of Scientific Theories. 3. Theory versus Observation. 4. Underdetermination. 5. Induction. 6. Hypothetic Deductive Method. 7. Holism. a) Duhem. b) Quine c) Kuhn 8. Science & Values. 9. Realism Versus Instrumentalism.

18 Book Recommended. 1. Introduction to Logic By Irving Copi 2. From a LOGICAL Point of View By Quine. 3. The Image of Science By Van Frassen. 4. Underdetermination & Language, By Dr. M. Ashraf Adeel. 5. Conjectures & Refutation by Karl Papper. 6. The Structure Of Scientific Revolution By Thomas Kuhn. 7. Science & Values By Lary Landen. 8. The Aim & Structure Of Physical Theory By Pierre Duhen. 9. Reason, Truth & History By Hilary Putnam. 10. Treatise Of Human Nature By David Hume. Phil 421. A Comparative Study of Some Schools of Psychology-I. 1. (a) Historical Background of Modern Scientific Psychology. (b) Scope and Definition of Psychology. 2. Different schools of Psychology (a) Structuralism and Functionalism. (b) Psychophysics. (c) Associationism Old and New. (i) Aristotale (ii)british Associationists (iii)pavlovian theory of conditioning. (iv)thorndike s theory of trial and error learning. (v) Skinner Instrumental Learning. (d) Watsonian Behaviorism. Books recommended. 1. An Historical Introduction of Modern Psychology by Murphy G. 2. A History of Experimental Psychology by Boring. E.G. 3. Contemporary School of Psychology by Woddworth. R.S. 4. Psychology the study of Behaviour by Swatza, P. 5. System and theories in Psychology by M.H. Melvin & W.A. Hillix. 6. Philosophical Psychology by J. Donceel. 7. Psychology of Religion by Thouless.

19 8. A History of modern Psychology. ( third edition by Duane Schultz) 9. Theories of learning by Ernest R. Hilgard. 10. A History of Psychological theories by Ross Stagner. Contemporary theories and systems in Psychology --- Benjamin B. Wolman. Phil 422. History of Muslim philosophy-ii. Thinkers. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Shah Wali Ullah. Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. Iqbal. Fazlur Rehman. 1. M. Iqbal The Reconstruction of Religious thoughts in Islam. 2. Dr. Khurshid Anwar. The Epistemology of Iqbal. 3. Fazlur Rehman: (i) Islam. // (ii) Islamic Methodology in History. // (iii)major Themes of the Quran. 4 History of Muslim Philosophy, by M.M Sharif. Phil 423. Analytical philosophy-ii. 1. Necessary Truth. (i) Analytic. Synthetic. (ii) Possibility. Impossibility. (iii) Necessary Contingent. (iv) Geometry. Arithmetic. Logic. 2. Perception. (i) (ii) Naïve Realism. Illusion and Appearance.

20 (iii) Sense-Data. (iv) Justification of Sense-Data. (v) Phenomenalism. (vi) Neutral Monism. (vii) Physical Objects and their Justification. Book Recommended. 1. J. Hospers Introduction to Philosophical Analysis. 2. J. Hospers - Readings in Introductory Philosophical Analysis. 3. Percept and Object. By Intisar- ul Haque. 4. Intisar-ul-Haque Wittgenstein s Logical Mirror. 5. Intisar-ul-Haque A critical Study of Logical Paradoxes. 6. Intisar-ul-Haque Philosophy of Religion. 7. A.J. Ayer (i) Problems of knowledge. (ii) Foundation of Empirical Knowledge. (iii) Philosophical Essays. 8. R.J. Butler Anlytical Philosophy. 9. G. Ryle Concept of Mind. 10. M. Laerowit Structure of Metaphysics. 11. Quinton Nature of Things. 12. I..Wittgenstein Philosophical Investigations. 13. W.H. Walsh Reason and Experience. 14. H.H.Price Perception. 15. H.H. Price Thinking and Experience. 16. G.E. Moore Proofs of the External World. 17. G. Ryle Dilemmas. Phil 424. Advance Logic-II. Method of Deduction Rules of reference Rules of replacement Formal proof of Validity Proof of invalidity Quantification theory Quantification Singular propositions Traditional subject-predicate Propositions.

21 REQUIRED READINGS 6) Irving M. Copi. Introduction to Logic, Macmillan 7) Hurley, P.G, Introduction to Logic, California, Worth Publishing Co. 8) Lemon. E. J, Beginning Logic, Indain-Polis Hachett Publishing Co. 9) Kearns, John T, The Principle of Deductive Logic, State University of New York Press, Albany. 10) Jeffery Riched, Formal Logic: Its Scope & Limits, N.Y MeGraw Hills.??????Phil/409. Political Philosophy. 2. Plato. 3. Aristotle s 4. Saint Thomas Aquinas. 5. Machiavelli. 6. Thomas Hobbes. 7. John locke 8. J.S. Mill. 9. Karl Marx. 10. Ibn Khaldun 11. Allama Iqbal. 1. A History of political theory by George. H. Sabine. 2. Political thought ( from plato to the present ) by judd Harman. 3. History and problems of philosophy by Samuel Enoch Stumpf. 4. Sages of the ages by 5. History of western philosophy by Bertrand Russell. 6. History of Modern philosophy by Mayer. 7. A History Muslim philosophy by M.M Sharif. 8. Political Thought in Medieval Islam by Rosenthal.E. 9. Islamic Political system in modern age by Manzoor- ud- Din Ahmad.?????Phil/410. A Comparative Study of Some Schools of Psychology-II.

22 2. Different School Of Psychology (a)gestalt psychology. (i) Gestalt Approach to perception and learning. (ii) Man contributions of Wertheimer, Koffka and Kohler. (b)lewin s field theory. (c) Psychoanalysis : basic contribution of Freud, Adler, Jung (d) Hormic Psychology. (e) Holistic and Organismic Psychologies. Books recommended. 1. An Historical Introduction of Modern Psychology by Murphy G. 2. A History of Experimental Psychology by Boring. E.G. 3. Contemporary School of Psychology by Woddworth. R.S. 4. Psychology the study of Behaviour by Swatza, P. 5. System and theories in Psychology by M.H. Melvin & W.A. Hillix. 6. Philosophical Psychology by J. Donceel. 7. Psychology of Religion by Thouless. 8. A History of modern Psychology. ( third edition by Duane Schultz) 7. Theories of learning by Ernest R. Hilgard. 8. History of Psychological theories by Ross Stagner. 9. Contemporary theories and systems in Psychology --- Benjamin B. Wolman.