DRAFT. 1. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy:

Transcription

1 DRAFT 1. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the economy: = Must have indicators (high priority) by green or ** asterisks = Good to have indicators (medium priority) by yellow or * asterisk = Like to have indicators (low to priority) by turquoise or no asterisk Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition (definitions from UNIDO, by blue) Data source 1. Measurement of mining production in terms of quantity and value; - Total production of mining products, by value** - Total production of mining products, by quantity** - Total production of mining products by commodity and level of processing and contents* Total production of the mining industry is total value of the mining products produced in current period. Total production of mining and quarrying refers to the economic activities carried out by the statistical units classified under the Section B (Divisions 05-09) of the ISIC revision 4. (UNIDO) Enterprise survey in Mining and Quarrying (monthly) 2. Measurement of prices of mineral commodities and the impact of mineral prices on the terms of trade, as well as mining-induced terms of trade impacts on the rest of the economy; - Export and import unit price of mining products** - Export and import price index of mining products* - Export and import price index - Terms of trade index (ratio of export price index to import price index) * Custom statistics (monthly, quarterly, annually) 3. Measurement of intermediate A. Intermediate consumption of the mining industry Intermediate consumption consists of the value of the goods and services 1

2 consumption in the mining industry, including energy inputs; 4. Measurement of mining gross operating surplus; Cost of energy in the mining industry** - Consumption of the water in mining industry, by volume** - Share of the consumption of water, surface water and ground water in mining industry to total consumption of water ** - Share of the consumption to total consumption of water in mining industry - Share of the consumption to total consumption of water in mining industry - Consumption of fuel in mining industry, by volume** - Cost of the management or consultant service in mining industry with foreign investment** - Consumption of chemical products in the mining industry, by types of chemical produduct** - Total income of the mining industry** - Total expenditure of the mining industry* consumed as inputs by a process of mining production. Of which, the cost of energy consists of value of the electricity and thermal energy consumed in the production process. intermediate consumption consists of the value of the goods and services consumed as inputs by a process of production, excluding fixed assets. (UNIDO) Mining gross operating surplus is the difference between total income and expenditure or income before tax of the mining activity at the current period. Gross operating surplus is the net value added less the compensation of employees (UNIDO) Enterprise survey in Mining and Quarrying statistics (annually), SUT, IOT Enterprise survey in Mining and Quarrying statistics (annually, monthly) 5. Measurement of mining inventories; - Raw materials* - Supplies* Inventories are produced assets that consist of goods and services, which came into existence in the current period Enterprise survey in Mining and Quarrying statistics (annually), 2

3 - Work in progress* - Finished goods* - Goods for resale* or in an earlier period, and that are held for sale, use in production or other use at a later date. Inventories are produced assets that consist of goods and services, which came into existence in the current period or in an earlier period, and that are held for sale, use in production or other use at a later date. (UNIDO) GDP by expenditure approach (quarterly, annually) 6. Measurement of mining fixed capital investment (for example, current and expected expenditure, capital stock, capital services, consumption of fixed capital expenditure) - Dwellings** - Other buildings and structures** - Machinery and equipment o Off-train / locomotive, wagon etc./ ** o Vehicle and rolling stock Heavy vehicle for mining transportation, accumulated depreciation** Truck for transportation of domestic technology, accumulated depreciation** Heavy mechanism for mining activity** - Military weapons* - Cultivated biological resources - Costs of ownership transfer on nonproduced assets - Research and development* Fixed assets are tangible or intangible assets used repeatedly or continuously in processes of production for more than one year. Fixed assets are tangible or intangible assets used repeatedly or continuously in processes of production for more than one year. (UNIDO) Enterprise survey in Mining and Quarrying statistics (annually) Investment survey (quarterly, annually) GDP estimation(quarterly, annually), 3

4 - Mineral exploration and evaluation* - Computer software and databases - Entertainment, literary or artistic originals - Other intellectual property products - military SUT, IOT result, 7. Measurement of financial investment (including foreign investment, both direct and portfolio) and associated incomes, including retained earnings; - Financial investment** - Foreign direct investment** - Other investment* - State budget investment* - Private investment* - Cash flow* - Portfolio investment is defined as cross border transactions and positions involving debt or equity securities, other than those included in direct investment or reserve assets. - Foreign direct investment arises when an investor resident in one economy makes an investment that gives control or a significant degree of influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident in another economy. Balance of Payments statistics (annually, monthly) and General government budget (quarterly, annually) 8. Measurement of impact of mining on trade statistics, including coherency with production statistics; - Total sales of the domestic trade sector* - Total sales of the mining products at the domestic market, by types of minerals ** - Total exports and imports ** - Total exports and imports of the mining products* Enterprise survey in Trade statistics (quarterly, annually), Custom statistics (monthly, annually) 9. Measurement of mineral exploration, discoveries and - Total output of mineral explorations, by types of mineral, by physical quantity** - Total output of mineral explorations is the total physical quantity of the natural resources which is explored at Enterprise survey in Mining and Quarrying statistics (monthly), 4

5 sub-soil reserves; - Number of discoveries, by natural resources, by physical quantity** - Soil resource, by physical quantity** 10. Measurement of the impact of mining on government finances, including measuring of taxes on mining; 11. Measurement of productivity in the mining industry; - Corporation income tax** - Royalty** - Value added tax, repayment of VAT** - Fee for exploration and mining special permit of the mineral resources** - Other royalty** - Cumulative royalty* - Exports duties* - Contributions and donations to the local government and individuals from the mining enterprises* - Total productivity of mining industry** - Total factor productivity of mining industry** - Labor productivity of mining industry** - Fixed capital productivity of mining industry** - Main raw material productivity of mining industry** - Electricity productivity of mining industry** the current period. The number of the discoveries are total deposits which is discovered in the economic territory. - The total productivity is calculated by the ratio of the value added and the sum of the intermediate consumption, labor (payment) and fixed capital (consumption of fixed capital). - The factor productivity is calculated by the ratio of value added and the sum of the labor and capital expenditure or the payment and consumption of fixed capital. - The labor productivity is calculated by the ratio of value added and annual average of employees. - The fixed capital productivity is defined by the ratio of value added and consumption of fixed capital. - The main raw material productivity is Mineral resource authority statistics General government revenue statistics (monthly, annually), Tax, Extractive industries transparency initiative secretariat statistics, Productivity statistics (annually, monthly) Labor force survey 5

6 12. Measurement of construction activity associated with the mining industry; Construction, capital repairs and maintenances associated with the mining industry. In which: - Residential building* - Non residential building 6 determined by the ratio of value added and the main raw material expenditure for the production. - The electricity productivity is determined by the ratio of value added and the electricity costs. The total productivity is calculated by the ratio of the value added and the sum of the intermediate consumption, labor (payment) and fixed capital (consumption of fixed capital). The factor productivity is calculated by the ratio of value added and the sum of the labor and capital expenditure or the payment and consumption of fixed capital. The labor productivity is calculated by the ratio of value added and annual average number of employees. The fixed capital productivity is defined by the ratio of value added and consumption of fixed capital. The main raw material productivity is determined by the ratio of value added and the main raw material expenditure for the production. The electricity productivity is determined by the ratio of value added and the electricity costs.(unido) - Construction work includes the activities of building of houses, bridges, banks as engineering construction and creating of fixed

7 o House building industry* o Trade and service* o Hospital, school, cultural institutions* o Others* - General engineering construction o Energetics* o Communication* o Railway* o Road* o Bridge* o Dam, ditch, cable, network* o Minor works and other* - Capital repairs and maintenances o Energetics* o Communication* o Railway* o Road* o Bridge* o Dam, ditch, cable, network* o Minor works and other* capital, expansion, repairs, restoration. Enterprise survey in Construction statistics (annually, monthly) 13. Measurement of impact of mining on transportation; - Freight turnover of the mining products, by mln ton km o Railway* o Road* o Water* - Carried freight of the mining products, by ton o Railway* o Road* o Water* - Freight turnover is estimated by multiplying the total amount of the weight of transported cargo by the shipping distance. - Passenger turnover is measured by multiplying the total amount of the transported passengers by the Enterprise survey 7

8 14. Measurement of other economic activity to support the mining industry, including role of input-output analysis; - Passenger turnover of the mining employees, by pass.km o Railway* o Road* o Air* o Water* - Passengers carried of the mining employees, by number of people o Railway o Road o Air o Water - Freight turnover of the mining products per 1 km railway length, by ton km - Freight turnover of the mining products per 1 km improved auto road, by ton km* - Average intensity of traffic per day, by type of vehicle, by conversion to light car from heavy vehicle* - Tarmac and macadam road, power capacity of road construction, by value* - Power capacity of crossroad of railway, by value* - Total supply, by products and economic activities* - Total use, by products and economic activities * - IOT analysis. In which: o Production multiplier, by shipping distance. - Production multiplier measures how much the size of production of a particular industry changes in response to a change in final demand by 1 units. - Income multiplier measures how in Transportation statistics (annually, quarterly), SUT, IOT result, Statistics from Ministry of road 8

9 15. Measurement of downstream economic impacts of mining, including the manufacturing of mineral products; economic activities o Income multiplier, by economic activities o Labor multiplier, by economic activities o Input multiplier, by economic activities o Backward and forward linkages, by economic activities Energy consumption matrix Environmental matrix (based on green house gases or other pollution causes) - The impacts of the mining to the other economic industries' productions, especially: o Total production of the electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply** o Total production of the water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities** o Total production of the much the income of a particular industry changes in response to a change in final demand by 1 units. - Labor multiplier measures how much the number of employee s changes in response to a change in final demand by 1 unit. - Input multiplier measures how much the input or total expenditures change in response to a change in final demand by 1 units. - Backward and forward linkages are the way to compare the structure of production of commodities of a particular industry with the same production of commodities and the production of commodities of other industries. It seen that the industries with the highest backward and forward linkages are the most effective industries. result SUT, IOT result SUT, IOT 9

10 16. Measurement of infrastructure to support mining activity; wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles ** o Total production of the transportation and storage** o Total imports of the heavy machinery, mechanism and equipments** - The telecommunication indicators at the mining industry : o Telephone lines * o Transmitting TV stations* o Wired-radio stations* o Cable television users* o Mobile phone subscribers* o Permanent internet subscribers* o Computers* Energy and public services o Petrol and gas tubes** o Electric adjustment assets** o Allocation and transmission system** o Water supply purification** Specific survey needed 17. Measurement of mining impact on national income, including balance of payments incomes associated with mining and measures of real gross - Value added of mining sector, at current and constant prices** - Annual change of value added of mining sector** - The share of value added of mining sector to the GDP** Enterprise survey in Mining and quarrying statistics and GDP estimation 10

11 domestic income and real net national disposable income; - GNI, at current and constant prices** - Annual change of GNI** - GNI per capita** (annually, quarterly), Gross National Income 18. Measurement of national wealth; 19. Measurement of impact of mining on regional economies (including regional prices and regional housing markets); - Natural resource (oil, coal, natural gas, minerals etc.) ** - Produced assets (machinery and equipments, buildings and urban land) ** - Human resource (number of employees) ** - Consumer price index, by regions* - Housing price index, by regions The national wealth consists of the natural resource, produced assets and human recourses. - The CPI is a measure of the average change in prices over time fixed in terms of quantity and quality of goods and services purchased either by all consumers. National wealth survey(not conducted yet in Mongolia), Labor force survey (quarterly annually), Gross fixed capital formation(quarterly, annually) Consumer price index statistics, Housing price statistics (annually, quarterly). 20.General measurement issues, including dealing with multinational enterprises, dealing with confidentiality issues, correction of off year reporting, ensuring coherence of information from different sources and consistency thereof, by developing a coordinated approach to large mining projects, measuring - Number of multinational enterprises at the mining industry - Number of mining companies with FDI, percentage of FDI ** - Main indicators of the artisanal mining (total output, intermediate consumption, value added, total tax paid, contributions to the local government, number of employees, land damage, remediation) ** Business register, Foreign investment registration statistics, ministry of economic development, Statistics of general report of 11

12 informal mining activity); 21. Measurement of the procurement of nationally produced goods and services; - Total procurement of nationally produced goods and services of the mining units* Small-scale mining, Enterprise survey in Mining and Quarrying Statistics (annually) 22. Standardization of units of measure; USD, ton, barrel? Bureau of standard s statistics 23. Including related issues that emerge during considerations or requested by the steering committee. 12

13 2. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the social sector: Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition Data source 1. Labor force 1.1 Measuring employment in the mining industry 1.2 Measuring the demographic characteristics of the mining labor 1.3Measuring employment in miningrelated activities; - Number of employees at the mining sector ** - Number of foreign employees at the mining sector, by nationality** - Number of engineering and technical staffs required newly in coming 3 years, by professions** - The demographic characteristics of the mining labor: o Number of family* o Age* o Sex* o Education* o Occupation* o Marital status* - Number of employees, by classification of economic activities** - Number of employees at the mining sector, by classification of occupations ** - Employed means all citizens engaged in economic activity for pay (wages or salary) and have an employment status. Person who are engaged in economic activity for pay for a period of more than one week can be regarded as employed. Labor force survey (quarterly, annually) Labor force survey (quarterly, annually) Labor force survey (quarterly, annually) 1.4 Measuring of the impact of the supply of - Number of employees, by classification of economic - Labor productivity is defined as output per unit of labor input. It 13

14 labour on other parts of the economy due to changes in the demand for labour from the mining industry. activities** - Labor productivity, by classification of economic activities** - Employment elasticity, by classification of economic activities** is calculated by the ratio of value added and annual average of employees. - The employment elasticity is defined as the average percentage point change in employment for a given employed population group associated with a 1 percentage point change in output over a selected period. GDP estimation (quarterly, annually), Labor force survey (quarterly) 2. Income 14

15 2.1 Measuring mining wages and salaries, total and averages; 2.2 Measuring the distribution of mining incomes, including gender distributions. - Total compensation of employees of the mining industry** - Monthly average wages and salaries of employees of the mining industry, by domestic and foreign employees* - Real wage index of the employees of the mining industry* - Monthly average wages and salaries of employees of the mining industry, by sex* - Monthly average wages and salaries of employees of the mining industry, by classification of occupations* - Wage and salary is consist of basic pay, bonuses, compensation for hours of not working and other payment. - Average wages and salaries is proportion of total amount wages and salaries granted for employees and number of employees. - Real wage index is nominal wage index corrected for changes in purchasing power measured by the consumer price index. It is proportion of nominal wage index and consumer price index of corresponding year. - A nominal wage index is proportion of nominal wage of current period and nominal wage of base period as expressed percentage. Wage and salary survey (quarterly, annually) Wage & salary survey (quarterly, annually) 15

16 3. Health and productivity 3.1 Measuring workers conditions and industrial relations in the mining industry; 3.2 Measuring mining skills and capabilities, including job vacancies skill shortages; - Occupational safety of the mining employees (safety workwear and facilities etc.)** - Number of basic social services, access and distance. In which: hospital, police, school, kinder garden, bank, shop, hairdresser and beauty salon etc. - Number of employees of the mining industry, by sex and education** - Number of employees of the mining industry, by sex and profession** - Number of employees of the mining industry, by classification of occupations** Specific survey needed Labor force survey (quarterly, annually) 3.3 Measuring the impact of mining on workers health and the health of the community generally. - Life expectancy at birth, by sex and regions** - Deaths, by sex, age group, level of education and occupations ** - Crude death rate, by regions** - The sex ratio at death, by regions** - Number of inpatients, by classification of disease, by regions** - Number of prevalence and deaths - The sex ratio at death is calculated by dividing the number of male deaths by the number of female deaths. - The crude death rate is the number of deaths occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1000 mid-year population of the given geographical area during the Annual report of vital statistics, Statistics from Ministry of Health (annually) 16

17 of malignant neoplasms, by regions** - Diseases of the mining employees, by type of diseases ** - Accidents from the mining activity, by type of accidents ** - Accidents from the mining activity, by number of people** same year. 4. Measuring the impact of mining on social issues 4. on 4.1 Measuring fly-in/flyout and drive-in/driveout workers, including impacts on demands for social services; 4.2 Measuring internal and international migration flows associated with mining (including remittances); - Number of internal migrant, by regions ** - Number of international migrant, by regions* - Workers' remittances* - Internal migration is determined by the population resettlement level throughout the states within the boundary of the country. The main index is the number of people who arrived and leaved a state or a province. - International migration expresses the flow of people who move from their home countries to other countries and Annual reports of population. Internal migration 17

18 4.3 Measuring the impact of mining on poverty; 4.4 Measuring social impacts of population dislocation associated with mining activity; - Household income and expenditure, by regions** - Poverty headcount index, by regions* - Number of population, by sex, age group and regions ** - Number of households, by regions* from other countries to their residential nations. - Workers remittances are current transfers made by Mongolian migrants who are employed in foreign economies for more than 1 year to Mongolia, and vice versa, made by foreign migrants who are employed in Mongolia for more than 1 year to their residential country. - The total income (expenditure) of a household is defined by summation of the households monetary income (expenditure), consumption of goods from own resources and received free of charge. - The poverty headcount index refers to the proportion of the population with a standard of living below the poverty line to total population. - The population of Mongolia included residents in Mongolia and Mongolian citizenships usual reside in abroad. The resident population in Mongolia included population reside for more than 6 months or 183 days in administrative units of Household social economic survey (quarterly) Population annual reports 18

19 Mongolia. - The household is the group of people who live together in one house, with a joint budget and jointly provide their food and other basic needs. Members of the household may be family or relatives; there can be some members in the household with no relation to the other members. 4.5 Measuring the impact of mining on education and training. - Expenditure on education as percentage to total expenditure of General Government budget - Per capita educational expenditure - Number of pupils and students in all levels of educational institutions - Number of educational institutions - Number of graduates of all level educational institutions - Number of general educational schools, by regions - Gross enrollment ratio - Number of students in vocational and technical education institutions, by sex* - Number of students in higher educational institutions, by sex* - Students and graduates of domestic universities, institutes - Since the mining activities are growing with the increase of tax to the state budget from the mining companies, it is necessary to define the changes of the expenditure on education sector from the government budget. This indicator might present one of the impact of mining on education. - Gross enrollment ratio is proportion of total enrolment in specific level of education regardless of age and eligible official school age population corresponding to the same level of education in a given academic year expressed as a percentage. Statistics from Ministry of education and science (annually) 19

20 and college, by professional areas* - Trainings and courses from the mining companies for their employees* - Number of qualified drivers of mining transportation* - Number of operators of heavy vehicles and mechanisms* - Number of auto serves for mining sector* 4.6 Including related issues that emerge during considerations or requested by the steering committee. 20

21 3. The statistical indicators to measure the impact of the mining industry on the environment Measurement issues Appropriate indicators Rationale, definition Data source - Mineral resource, by mineral types** - Soil resource** - Water resource** - Energy resource (oil, natural gas, coal, peat, uranium) ** - Land** - Biological resource** 1. Measurement of the direct and indirect demand from the mining industry for environmental inputs, both market and nonmarket, incorporating measurement in terms of value; - Natural resource inputs comprise physical inputs to the economy from natural resources. Thus natural resource inputs comprise inputs from mineral and energy resources, soil resources, natural timber resources, natural aquatic resources, other natural biological resources and water resources. Environmental economic statistics (annually), Statistics from Ministry of environment and green development 2. Harmonization of definition for indicators reflecting internal and international needs; 3. Measurement of emissions (air and - Emissions from the mining activities o Emissions to water** o Emissions to air** - The related indicators will be defined according to the "System of environmentaleconomic accounting: Central Framework" which is developed by UN and other 5 international organizations. - Solid waste includes materials that are in a solid or liquid state but excludes wastewater Environmental economic statistics (annually),statistics from Ministry of environment 21

22 water) and waste products from the mining industry; o Emissions to soil** - Solid waste** and small particulate matter released into the atmosphere. - Emissions to air are gaseous and particulate substances released to the atmosphere as a result of economic activities. - Emissions to water are substances released to water resources as a result of economic activities. - Emissions to soil are substances released to the soil as a result of economic activities. and green development 4. Measurement of damage to land (including agricultural land) and ecosystems from mining activity and any subsequent rectification activity; 5. Measurement of the sustainability of mining - Land area of mining exploration and production ** - Land area, water, soil and biodiversity with remediation** - Land area, water, soil and biodiversity without remediation** - Land degradation** - Soil damage** - Asset accounts for natural resource, by resource types** - Depletion of natural resources, by resource types** - Land is degraded by mining operation greatly. Environmental remediation is a process of making the degraded land usable again, and in the final result, creating the effective ecosystem or land use. - All actions that making land in previous shape, recovering by soil, thickening soil, planting, caring are the environmental restoration actions. - Sustainability is thought to be to leave natural resources for our descendants by satisfying Environmental statistics (annually), Statistics of Ministry of environment and green development Environmental statistics (annually), Statistics from Ministry of environment and green development 22

23 activity; ours and our future s necessities at the same time. - Asset accounts can provide information regarding the way in which government appropriates revenue from the extraction of natural resources. - The intent of asset accounts is to record the opening and closing stock of environmental assets and the changes in the stock over an accounting period in both monetary and physical terms. 6. Measurement of the environmental impact of economic activity downstream from the mining industry; - Damages of the land, soil and road from the transportation, consignment and discharge of the mining products** - Fee on usage of road from the mining companies** - Environmental damages (water, animal, plant etc) from the transportation, consignment and discharge of the mining products** - Cost of environmental protection** - Natural resource management** 23 - Information from asset accounts can be used to assess whether current patterns of economic activity are depleting and degrading the environmental assets and to assist in the management of environmental assets. Environmental statistics (annually), Statistics from Ministry of environment and green development 7. Measurement of the - GDP** - The global prospective Environmental economic

24 impact of mining on green growth and the green economy; 8. Including related issues that emerge during considerations or requested by the steering committee. - Environmental assets accounts, by resource types** - Natural resource depletion, by resource types** - Assessment of environmental pollution** - Green GDP** development focuses to generate the economic system with the effective consumption of natural resources, prevention from the environmental depletion and degradation and less emission. - Green GDP is GDP adjusted by the environmental indicators. It is defined by the difference between GDP and sum of the resource depletion, environmental degradation. statistics (annually), Statistics from Ministry of environment and green development National Accounts Statistics 24