Worth more than an apple? The cost of a lost generation of children growing up in war zones.

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1 Photocredit:SamanthaRobison/aptART/WarChildUK Worth more than an apple? The cost of a lost generation of children growing up in war zones. 1.#Children#are#the#worst#affected#by#conflict,#and#the#situation#is#getting#worse# 2015lookslikelytohavebeentheworstyearonrecordforchildreninconflict.Today,one child in every 10 lives in a country affected by war. We must no longer accept the unacceptable theneedsofchildrenmustberecognisedandtheirrightsrespected. 2.#Education#is#essential## Thefutureofagenerationdependsoneducation.Halfofallchildrenoutofschoolworldwide liveinconflictzones.providingeducationinconflictiscrucial;increasinghealthandwellbeing, improving future earnings and even decreasing the likelihood of future conflict. In short, educationbuildsresilience,recoveryandfutures. 3.#Lack#of#funding#is#failing#an#entire#generation## Educationisthemostunderfundedsectorinhumanitarianresponse.Anaverageofjust38 penceisspentprovidingeducationforeachchildinneedinconflict,permonth.incontrast, themonthlyspendforeachprimaryschoolchildinenglandisatleast 240.Thisisunjustbut notinevitable. War Child Briefing Paper: January 2016#

2 2015wasatragedyforchildreninconflict.2016offersanopportunitytorectifythis;toget childrenintoclassrooms.torebuildcommunities.topreventalostgeneration. TheWorldHumanitarianSummitinMay2016representsaonceVinVaVgenerationmoment;it mustrecognise,forthefirsttime,thatchildrenareatthecentreofconflictandreflectthis, throughcommensuratecommitmentsthatprioritisechildren sprotectionandeducation. We#call#on#Justine#Greening,#as#Secretary#of#State#for#International#Development,#to#work# through# the# UK# government,# and# with# the# international# community,# to# commit# to# the# following: 1)#Secure#access#to#education;committoprovideeverychildaffectedbyconflictwithfree accesstohighvqualityeducation. VEveryschoolagechild,andtheirfamilies,shouldfeelsafeintheknowledgethattheirright toeducationisbeingrespected.nochildshouldbedeniedtheopportunitytolearn. 2)# Recognise# education# as# a# priority# humanitarian# intervention; increase funding for educationcommensuratewithneed. V Conflict affected communities prioritise education. Donor governments do not. Effective humanitarianactionmustrecogniseandrespondtotheneedforeducation,workingtowards aminimum4%allocationofglobalhumanitarianspend. 3)#Embed#access#and#secure#standards;embededucationinemergencyresponsefromthe firststagetorecovery ensuringpredictablefundingthroughouttheconflictcycle. V Ensure education provision meets international INEE minimum standards, including vital psychosocialsupport.

3 WAR CHILD SOME WORDS SHOULD NEVER GO TOGETHER Children slivesaredevastatedbywar.theyareusedassoldiers,scoutsandshields.theyare raped. They are killed and injured. They are kidnapped. Their schools and hospitals are attacked.theyaredeniedwhatisneededtosaveandchangetheirlives. 2015lookslikelytohavebeentheworstyearonrecordforchildreninconflict.Brandedthe yearoffear,itliveduptothistitle: 1,2 BokoHaram,whichtranslatesas WesternEducationisForbidden,forcednearly1.2 millionchildrenfromtheirhomesinnorthernnigeria.morethan1,100schoolswere attacked or destroyed, about 600 teachers murdered and another 19,000 teachers fled. AsaresultoftheSyriancrisis4.4millionpeople,including2.2millionchildren,were forcedtofleetoneighbouringcountries.atthesametimenearlyamillionpeople,a thirdofwhomarechildren,havemadethejourneytoeurope.some500childrenhave drowned. WarinYemenhasleft21.1millionpeople,including9.9millionchildren,inneedof help.fightingandinsecurityforced1.8millionchildrenoutofclassrooms. Morethan16millionbabieswereborninwarzones 1in8ofallbirthsworldwide. Photocredit:WarChildUK Photocredit:SamanthaRobison/aptART/WarChildUK 1 UNCEFUSA, %Was%the%Worst%and%Best%Year%for%Kids.%Here%Are%the%Reasons%Why. 2 IRIN,2015.Is%education%Boko%Haram s%biggest%victim?% haramvsvbiggestvvictim,07december2015.

4 EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN IN WAR ZONES Education is key to protecting children and breaking the continuous cycle of war. Yet it is neglectedandunderfundedbytheunhumanitariansystem. In 2000, world leaders made a commitment to provide all children with basic primary education by They, along with the international community, failed. Through the Sustainable Development Goals, launched this month, this commitment was significantly scaledup;toensureallchildrenreceiveaqualityprimaryandsecondaryeducationby2030. Crucially, world leaders have also pledged to a new approach to development; one which leavesnoonebehind.thisrepresentsanimperative,apromise,toprioritisetheneedsof themostmarginalised,includingchildreninconflict,fortheveryfirsttime. WithoutthisstepVchange,thenext15yearswilldolittletoimprovelifeVchancesforchildren inconflict.instead,if businessasusual trendscontinue,outvofvschoolchildrenwillbeheavily concentratedinconflictaffectedcountries. In1999,61millionofthe204millionoutVofVschoolchildrenandadolescentswereinconflict affectedcountries 30%oftheglobaltotal.In2012,despitetheoverallnumberofoutVofV schoolchildrenandadolescentsdroppingto121million 44millionwereinconflictaffected states,or36%oftheglobaltotal. 3 Withoutactiontoaddressthis,threeofeveryfourchildren whoareoutofschoolwillbelivinginorfleeingwarbytheendofthecentury. 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% ProportionofoutVofVschoolchildreninconflictaffectedcountries 0% UNESCO,2015.EducationforAll2000V2015:AchievementsandChallenges.

5 PREVENTING A LOST GENERATION Children caught in conflict know the importance of the education they are denied; they understandthateducationisessentialforasustainablefuture,aprerequisiteforpeace. Forchildrenandfamilieswhohavehadtoleaveeverythingduetoconflict,buildingafuture requires knowledge and skills not just food, water and tents. Education and learning is essentialforthemediumandlongvterm,butdespitetheaveragedurationofdisplacement duringwarbeing20years,thehumanitariansystemfocusesontheshortvtermneedsofthose thathavefledwar. Communities childrenespecially prioritiseeducationduringemergencies. 4 Arecentsurvey ofpeoplereceivinghumanitarianaidfoundthatthemajorityrankededucationaboveother basicserviceslikehealth,water,foodandshelter. 5 WarChild sexperienceover20yearsofdeliveringprogrammeshasdemonstratedthatalack ofeducationforcesafamilytokeepmoving,insearchofthisbasicrightfortheirchildren. SeekingaccesstoeducationisakeyconcernamongstrefugeesenteringEurope. 6 Crucially,a studyofover6,000childrenandyoungpeoplehighlightedthat: Safetyistheirkeypriorityduringconflict,followedbyeducation. EducationistheirhighestpriorityinpostVconflictorsafeenvironments. 7 Educationimproveslives,economiesandglobalsecurity.Everyadditionalyearofeducation adds around 10% to a person s salary in lowvincome countries. 8 Universal primary school enrolment halves the likelihood of civil war, while enrolling 80% of adolescent males in secondaryeducationreducestheprobabilityofcivilwarbytwovthirds. 9 4 NicolaiandHine2015ODIReport.InvestmentforEducationinEmergencies,Keymessages. 5 SavetheChildren,andNorwegianRefugeeCouncil,2014.Hearitfromthechildren:whyeducationinemergenciesis critical. 6 WarChildUK,2015.Whatdorefugeesreallywant? 7 WorldHumanitarianSummitAdvisoryGrouponChildren,2015.PuttingChildrenattheHeartoftheWorldHumanitarian Summit. 8 UNESCO,2011.Thehiddencrisis:Armedconflictandeducation. 9 UNESCO,2011.ibid.%

6 Photocredit:WarChildUK 38p: CHEAPENING CHILDREN S LIFE CHANCES Educationisinvaluable. Yet, new War Child research demonstrates that calculating the cost spent on providing educationforeachchildinconflictispossibleandtheresultsareextremelyconcerning. In2014,just38pencepermonthwasavailabletoeducateeachchildinneedinawarzone. 10 Asapointofreference,theUKgovernmentallocatesaleast 240amonthtoprimaryschool childreninengland.morethan600timestheamountavailableforchildrenlivingintheworst warsaroundtheglobe pence buys very little. It certainly doesn t buy an education. But that is all that those deliveringeducationinwarzoneshaveavailable.in2014,theunitednations,responsiblefor theglobalhumanitariansystem,launchedappealswhichrequested 280milliontodeliver educationprogrammesacross13oftheworstconflictsforchildrenintheworld.justone third 98million wasmadeavailableforeducationin pencewascalculatedbytheauthorusingdetailspresentedbytheUNOCHAFinancialTrackingServiceandinUN Appealdocumentsfor2014.Fulldetails,includingsources,canbefoundinAnnexOneavailablefromWarChildUK DepartmentforEducation,2014.Fairer%schools%funding:%Arrangements%for%2015%to% ments_for_2015_to_2016.pdf. 12 The13conflictsmentionedhereisasubsetof16conflictswhichhavebeenconsistentlylistedintheUNSpecial RepresentativetotheSecretaryGeneralonChildrenandArmedConflict s(srsgcaac)annualreportforthepastthree yearsasbeingontheagendaofunsecuritycouncil.theundidnotlaunchanappealforthreeoftheconflicts.

7 The16conflictslistedinthe2014UN SRSGCAACannualreport.UNAppeals werelaunchedforallbutthree Cote d Ivoire,LibyaandLebanon. Notably, not all the people that desperately need an education are targeted by the UN system. Of the 21 million people in war zones that were identified as needing education support,fewerthanhalf,10.4million,weretargetedforeducationprogrammes.forhalfof thosefleeingconflictthereis77penceamonthavailablefortheireducation,fortheother halfthereisnothing. Delivering any service to those fleeing war is difficult and expensive, and education is no different.theinternationalcommunityisstretched,buttogivechildren,communitiesand countries the chance to rebuild their futures, education must be seen as a strategic and centralhumanitarianinvestment.

8 CALL TO ACTION: CHILDREN MUST BE IN CLASSROOMS NOT WAR ZONES TodaytherearelessthanfivemonthsuntiltheWorldHumanitarianSummit.Worldleaders willgatheratthisoncevinvavlifetimeeventtomakekeydecisionsabouttheamountofsupport offeredtochildrenlivinginwarzones.thismeetingcouldprofoundlychangethelivesofa wholegenerationofchildrenaffectedbywar;andtheukgovernmenthasakeyroletoplay. AttheWorldHumanitarianSummit,WarChildandsupporterswouldliketoseetheUKlead byexampleandincreaseitscommitmenttoeducatingchildreninconflictemergencies.a commitmentthatincludes:# 1)#Secure#access#to#education;committoprovideeverychildaffectedbyconflictwithfree accesstohighvqualityeducation. VEveryschoolagechild,andtheirfamilies,shouldfeelsafeintheknowledgethattheirright toeducationisbeingrespected.nochildshouldbedeniedtheopportunitytolearn. 2)# Recognise# education# as# a# priority# humanitarian# intervention; increase funding for educationcommensuratewithneed. V Conflict affected communities prioritise education. Donor governments do not. Effective humanitarianactionmustrecogniseandrespondtotheneedforeducation,workingtowards aminimum4%allocationofglobalhumanitarianspend. 3)#Embed#access#and#secure#standards;embededucationinemergencyresponsefromthe firststagetorecoveryvensuringpredictablefundingthroughouttheconflictcycle. V Ensure education provision meets international INEE minimum standards, including vital psychosocialsupport. # For more information, please contact Eilidh Macpherson Head of Advocacy and Campaigns eilidhm@warchild.org.uk or Take action online at

9 Annex One Spend(USDmillions) Educationpopulation(USDmillions) UNAppealorStrategicResponsePlan i [a]totalamount educationcluster received [b]totalamount education clusterrequired [c]totalamount humanitarian responsereceived [d]totalamount humanitarian responserequired [e]peopletargeted foreducation programmes Afghanistan2014 ii $0.0 $0.0 $311.5 $ CentralAfricanRepublic2014 iii $8.9 $26.6 $378.5 $ Chad2014 iv $0.4 $4.3 $226.5 $ DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo2014 v $1.6 $57.8 $393.5 $ Iraq2014 vi $22.8 $39.9 $800.4 $1, Mali2014 vii $2.6 $18.0 $238.7 $ Myanmar2014 viii $5.4 $9.2 $129.0 $ occupiedpalestinianterritory2014 ix $11.3 $47.9 $576.6 $ RepublicofSouthSudanUCrisisResponsePlan2014 x $23.8 $29.3 $1,597.7 $1, Somalia2014 xi $14.5 $50.7 $453.9 $ SudanHumanitarianWorkPlan2014 xii $25.5 $59.6 $547.0 $ SyriaHumanitarianAssistanceResponsePlan(SHARP)2014 xiii $38.4 $103.2 $1,118.4 $2, Yemen2014 xiv $2.8 $15.2 $355.0 $ UNOCHAFTSdata,accessed15DEC2015 xv Total $158.0 $461.8 $7,126.9 $11, Amounteducationclusterreceivedperbeneficiary Amounteducationclusterrequiredperbeneficiary Peopletargeted[a e] Peopleinneed[a f] Peopletargeted[b e] Peopleinneed[b f] USD/annual $15.16 $7.52 $44.31 $21.98 USD/monthly $1.26 $0.63 $3.69 $1.83 GBP/annual xvi GBP/monthly [f]peopleinneed ofeducation programmes

10 Annex One WelookedattheUNOCHAFinancialTrackingServicedatabase,accessedthroughtheirwebsiteandidentifiedUNappeals,incountrieslistedas beingontheagendaoftheunsecuritycouncilinthe2014reportfromthesrsgcaac xvii,inresponsetoconflictemergenciesduringthe wholeof2014.thetableaboveshowsthetotalfundsrequestedandreceived,andwithinthatthefundsrequestedandreceivedforeducation. NoteverypersoninneedofeducationisincludedintheUNappeal.Thetableshowsnotjustthenumberofpeopletargetedbytheappeal,but alsothetotalnumberofpeoplewhoareinneedofeducationsupportfromeachappeal.bydividingthetotalamountoffundingmade availablethroughtheunsystembythenumberofpeopleinneedofeducation,wearriveattheamountofmoneymadeavailablebydonors throughtheunsystemtorespondtoeducationneedsofpeopleinconflict 38pencepermonthperpersoninneedofeducationsupport. NotallemergencyfundinggoesthroughthisUNsystem.Itdoeshoweveraccountforthevastmajorityoffundsmobilisedbytheinternational communityinresponsetotheworstconflictemergenciesforchildrenin2014. i Populationdatahasbeendrawnfromindividualresponseplandocumentsasreferenced.SpendwasdrawnfromdataaccessedthroughcustomsearchesofFTSdatabaseasreferenced. ii UNOCHA, %Strategic%Response%Plan:%Afghanistan. iii UNOCHA, %Strategic%Response%Plan:%Central%African%Republic.Revised. iv UNOCHA, <2016%Strategic%Response%Plan:%Republic%of%Chad. v UNOCHA, %Plan%de%Réponse%Stratégique:%République%Démocratique%du%Congo. vi UNOCHA,nodate.2014/2015%Iraq%Strategic%Response%Plan. vii UNOCHA, <2016%Plan%de%Réponse%Stratégique:%Mali.%RévisionAoût viii UNOCHA, %Strategic%Response%Plan:%Myanmar. ix UNOCHA, %Strategic%Response%Plan:%occupied%Palestinian%territory. x UNOCHA,2014.South%Sudan:%Crisis%Response%Plan% xi UNOCHA, %Strategic%Response%Plan:%Somalia. xii UNOCHA, %Revised%Strategic%Response%Plan:%Sudan. xiii UNOCHA, %Syrian%Arab%Republic%Humanitarian%Response%Plan%(SHARP). xiv UNOCHA, %Strategic%Response%Plan:%Yemen. xv UNOCHAFTSdata,accessed15DEC2015, xvi The2014GBP/USDforeignexchangerateaveragewas xvii SRSGCAACistheSpecialRepresentativetotheSecretaryGeneralonChildrenandArmedConflict.