Modelling of transportation costs for alternative Life-Of-Mine plans of continuous surface lignite mines
|
|
- Samson Booth
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 GOSPODARKA SUROWCAMI MINERALNYMI Tom Zeszyt 4/3 WITOLD KAWALEC* Modelling of transportation costs for alternative Life-Of-Mine plans of continuous surface lignite mines Introduction Geological modelling and mine design and scheduling have successfully adopted sophisticated computer methods not only for a comfortable digital replacement of a traditional paper documentation but also for their powerful data processing capabilities with the extensive use of methods that were simply not available before. While any 3-D visualisation of geological data and mine developments (including enhanced surface rendering and the virtual reality tools) are of great value for both mining engineers and the public, the most important and highly specialised software tools have been developed for the purpose of mine optimisation. The opencast mining projects are now often based on the economic optimisation algorithms, dealing with the milestones of a project: ultimate pit design, pushbacks generation and life-of-mine plan. In general, the mine optimisation algorithms depend on the economic block model of a deposit a set of cells each assigned with its mining cost and in case of an ore block calculated revenue from selling the contained ore. The accuracy of the input data an economic model is crucial for any further processing and no result can be more reliable than the input data. Therefore the construction of the economic block model deserves a thorough data preparation, analysis and validation otherwise applying the advanced pit optimisation algorithms like ultimate pit design (Lerchs, Grossmann 1965; Underwood, Tolwiñski 1998) is pointless. The possible errors of a model depend on the geological modelling that has generated the quality block model, the proper assessment of the revenue from selling the contained ore (based on stock exchange data or * Institute of Mining Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroc³aw, Poland.
2 126 other price formula) and often the most difficult the accuracy of spatial distribution of mining costs. The pit optimisation algorithms have been developed mostly for cyclical open cast operations, therefore the analysis of a truck haulage system has been implemented for accurate mining costs modelling. However, this is not suitable for continuous surface mining operations with a belt transportation system which reflects the localisation of waste dumping (external or in-pit) and the method of pit advancing (parallel or circular). For a given continuous surface mine, once the ultimate pit shell and the annual output have been fixed, the choice of an initial cut position together with the dump location and the resulting belt conveying arrangement have the biggest impact on mining costs. These have not been modelled yet for the purpose of pit optimisation algorithms therefore this paper deals with modelling the spatial distribution of mining costs with regard to alternative belt conveying costs. 1. Methods of local adjustment of mining costs Pit optimisation algorithms have been developed mostly for ore mines with steep slope angle and relatively large depth. In such mines the increasing of pit depth is limited by rising costs of overburden removal and haulage. The size of surface mines with continuous mining operations (characterised usually by shallow slope angle and smaller depth) is more often constrained by costs of acquiring the land and costs of overburden removal and dumping. So, their mining cost distribution is subjected to different rules. Methods of mining costs adjustment (available in NPV Scheduler) Metody regulowania kosztów wydobycia (dostêpne w NPV Scheduler) TABLE 1 TABELA 1 Mining cost factor Unit Description averaged mining cost per mass or volume unit (AMC) Cost Adjustment Factor (CAF) as a function of depth CAF assigned to rock type Optional cost of acquiring the terrain Individual CAF computed for each cell [PLN/t] or [PLN/m 3 ] [dimensionless] [dimensionless] [PLN] [dimensionless] default value assigned to a cell if no CAF has been set CAF proportional to depth; suitable for truck haulage and dewatering rising costs Independent from the above; represents different costs of exploitation (e.g. blasting versus cutting) Cost assigned to a given perimeter on the terrain surface rather than to cells; represents costs of purchasing land for mining activities Allows to distinguish changes of mining costs precisely with regard to any given criteria
3 127 Pit optimisation software (e.g. NPV Scheduler) allows a mining engineer to adjust mining costs (see table 1) with the use of so called Cost Adjustment Factor (CAF) which multiplies the average mining cost (AMC) to obtain the final mining cost (MC) that can be even individual for each cell in the economic block model. There are several reasons for adjusting the MC (as described in Table 1) but the only specific one for continuous surface mining operations the distribution of belt conveyor transportation costs can be done with the use individual CAF. The proposed solution is described below. 2. The idea of modelling the distribution of belt conveying costs 2.1. General assumptions Following domestic (Bednarczyk 2007) and foreign (Petrich 2003) publications the belt conveyors share some 20% of the total investments and 40% of the total energy consumption of a lignite mine with continuous surface mining operations. The forecasted structure of mining costs for the planned Legnica continuous surface lignite mine repeats the 18% share of all mining costs for belt conveying (including some 5.5% of energy consumption). As almost 20% of total mining costs is distributed unequally over the pit which should have an impact on the overall spatial distribution of mining costs, which changes the cash flow over the mine life. In order to identify the actual cost of transportation of a given cell in an economic block model it should be assigned with its own energy consumed by conveyors for delivering coal or overburden either to the final transfer point or to the dumping site (external or in-pit), respectively. Both only horizontal (in-pit dumping) and inclined transportation routes should be considered, therefore the energy required for horizontal transportation and for vertical transportation should be identified separately. The formula (1) contains all necessary factors for calculating the specific energy consumption factor (JKOP). JKOP(, x y, z,) ( JE L(, x y, z,) JE (, x y, z,)) C u [PLN/m 3 ] (1) H v E E where: JE H specific energy consumption factor horizontal transportation [KWh/(m 3 m)], JE V specific energy consumption factor vertical transportation [KWh/(m 3 m)], L(x,y,z) horizontal length of a conveyor route from a point (x,y,z) [m], H(x,y,z) height of rising of a conveyor route from a point (x,y,z) to the surface [m], C E average electric energy price [PLN/KWh]; let C E = 0.16 z³/kwh, u E multiplier of energy costs [dimensionless]; let u E =3,2.
4 128 The specific energy consumption factor is identified per volume unit rather than mass unit in order to maintain the compatibility with volume units used by mines for overburden removal data. The factors should be individual for coal and overburden (in fact they can be individually calculated with regard to different rock type density). Assuming that transportation costs are the only costs that distinguish blocks with one another, the CAF transp can be calculated as a ratio (2) (Table 1): CAF transp ( AMC 082. JKOP ) AMC [PLN/m 3 ] (2) 2.2. Identification of specific energy consumption of belt conveyors The specific energy consumption of belt conveyors should be calculated for given types of conveyors that are planned for the pit. The specialised software for computations belt conveyors resistance to motion and their required drive power is necessary to give the exact data. Assuming typical parameters of belt conveyors used in medium size lignite surface mines (belt width 1.8 m, belt speed 5.24 m/s, belt type St3150, idlers spacing: 1.2 and 6.0 m for top and bottom strand respectively, double pulley head drive, averaged ambient temperature 5 C and typical operating conditions, the specific energy consumption factors have been calculated 1 as shown in Table 2. TABLE 2 Specific energy consumption by belt conveyors TABELA 2 Zu ycie energii rozporz¹dzalnej wed³ug przenoœników Specific energy consumption factor Unit Overburden Coal JE H horizontal transportation [kwh/(m 3 m)] 0, , JE V vertical transportation [kwh/(m 3 m)] 6, , Modelling the length of belt conveyor routes The exact identification of a transportation route is possible after the detailed mine design for each stage of a mine life. However, even at the stage of a pre-feasibility study it can be assessed on the basis of an ultimate pit outline and assumed variant of pit advance and waste dumping site (Fig. 1). 1 Calculations have been done with the use of the QNK-TT software (Kawalec, Kulinowski 2007).
5 129 Fig. 1. Generalised schemes of overburden (white arrows) and coal (grey arrows) transportation routes on an ultimate pit outline background; circles denote transportation ramps; from left to right: parallel pit advancing (external and in-pit waste dumping), circular pit advancing (external and in-pit waste dumping) Rys. 1. Ogólne schematy nadk³adu (strza³ki bia³e) i wêgla (strza³ki szare) tras transportu na planie koñcowego obrysu odkrywki; ko³a symbolizuj¹ rampy transportowe; od lewej do prawej: równoleg³e poszerzanie odkrywki (sk³adowanie odpadów zewnêtrzne i w odkrywce), poszerzanie odkrywki po kole (sk³adowanie odpadów zewnêtrzne i w odkrywce) For the preliminary assessment of transportation costs the following items should be set: type of advancing, positioning of an initial cut, transportation ramp location, range of external dumping for waste blocks (from the initial cut, beyond this range an in-pit dumping supersedes the external dumping). In the case of circular pit advance the horizontal distance of the transportation route can be calculated with the use of Euclides distance (3) while for the parallel pit advance the taxi distance (4) is appropriate. 2 2 dist ( A, B ) ( A B ) ( A B ) (3) E x x y y distt ( A, B ) Ax Bx A y B y (4) where: A x,a y,b x,b y are the plane coordinates of points A, B. Some supplementary assumptions for identification of the transportation route from the ramp to the external dumping site should be set in accordance to the general mine design guidelines Description of the procedure The multi-step procedure of creating the ultimate pit together with its Optimal Extraction Sequence (OES) the sequence of mining blocks in an ultimate pit that delivers the highest NPV for a given economic model and general slope angles necessary for further
6 130 Fig. 2. Box and arrows positions and roles in a typical IDEF0 scheme Rys. 2. Po³o enia i role prostok¹tów i strza³ek w typowym schemacie IDEF0 Fig. 3. The scheme of ultimate pit generation with regard to alrenative transportation costs Rys. 3. Schemat tworzenia odkrywki ostatecznej w odniesieniu do alternatywnych kosztów transportu optimisation mine planning has been described below (Fig. 3) with the use of IDEF0 scheme (Fig. 2). Next steps of generating the Life-of-Mine plan are standard for the Tolwinski s long-term optimisation algorithm available in the NPV Scheduler software (Jurdziak, Kawalec 2000): pushbacks generation (with regard to assumed pit advancing method), scheduling upon the given pushbacks scenario. These steps are presented in the following case study. 3. Case study The case study of a Life-Of-Mine plan with regard to alternative transportation costs has been done for a small lignite deposit Morzyczyn of the opencast lignite mine Konin in
7 central Poland. Due to geological documentation the deposit contains some 9.2 million tonnes of mineable reserves, average thickness of lignite seam is 5.7 m and of overburden is 48 m. The lignite seam is split with interlayers. The coal quality parameters are below the power plant requirements: a) Calorific value: avg. Q R i = 7000 kj/kg (required minimum: 7800 or 8300 kj/kg). b) Sulphur content: avg. S R = 0,94% ((allowed maximum: 0,96%). c) Ash content: avg. A R = 18% ((allowed maximum: 12%). High stripping ratio as well as the close neighbourhood of the protected landscape are the strong arguments against the exploitation of this deposit. However it can be used for the study. The orebody modeling has been done in the Datamine Studio geological, mining software. The structural wireframe models of the terrain, top and bottom lignite seam surfaces and waste interlayer zones have been interpreted from the raw drillhole data. Then the structural block model has been built with the cells sizes of m. The model contains three main zones: coal, overburden and interlayers. Due to relatively low density of drillhole grid ( m over the area of some 30 km 2 ) interpolation of quality parameters has been done with the use the simplest nearest neighbour method. The total tonnage of the rocks within the coal zone has reached 85 million tonnes (regardless of actual coal seam thickness, stripping ratio and quality parameters). The average values of the calorific value, ash and sulphur content were very similar to those from geological documentation. For the economic model the base price 2 of coal has been set to PLN/Mg, the base mining cost (AMC) to 5,25 PLN/cum (upon the analysis of mining costs in the Konin mine). 131 Fig. 4. The visualisation of the entry ultimate pit shell (Lerch s-grossmann algorithm, NVP Scheduler) Rys. 4. Wizualizacja wejœcia ostatecznego otoczenia odkrywki (algorytm Lercha-Grossmanna, NVP Scheduler) 2 Based on coal quality parameters (calorific value, ash and sulphur content) price formula has been used.
8 132 This economic model has been used for generation of the ultimate pit with the use of Lerch s-grossmann algorithm. The average slope angle has been set to 15, the annual lignite output to 2 million tonnes and the discount rate to 10%. The generated entry ultimate pit contains 19.6 million tonnes of coal (avg. calorific value 7720 kcal/kg, avg. ash content 16.5% and avg. sulphur content 0.85%) and 113 million m 3 of overburden. The shape of the pit shell is presented below. On the basis of the optimised ultimate pit analysis, including the location of its phases nested ultimate pits generated for a series of discounted base lignite price (Jurdziak, Kawalec 2000), the alternative circular and parallel pit advancing have been proposed for evaluation (Fig. 5). The transportation costs have been then calculated and embedded into the modified economic block model as an additional CAF field to be utilised by the NPV Scheduler software. For these costs calculations the range of external dumping and the common length of the conveyor route from the transportation ramp to the dumping site have been assumed. Fig. 5. The schemes of positioning the initial cut (grey rectangular), transportation ramp (white ring) and the direction of pit advancing: circular clockwise (left) and parallel (right) Rys. 5. Schematy pozycjonowania wrêbu pocz¹tkowego (szary prostok¹t), rampy transportowej (bia³y pierœcieñ) i kierunek poszerzania odkrywki: ko³owym zgodnie z kierunkiem ruchu wskazówek zegara (z lewej) i równoleg³y (z prawej) The two ultimate pits based on two, alternative CAFs have been then generated exactly within the entry ultimate pit shell (no new pit optimisation). Though the ultimate pit (and the lignite reserves) is then common, the consecutive phases are different both in terms of size (phases 7 9 on Fig. 6) and expected profit (Fig. 7). Two sets of alternative pushbacks series have been generated within digitised boundaries of their global limits: trapezes rotated clockwise around the point of transportation ramp from the initial cut boundary for the circular pit advancing, rectangles parallel with each other moved to the north from the initial cut boundary for the parallel pit advancing compare Figure 5). These pushbacks control the sequencing of mined blocks that follows the geometrical constraints of continuous surface mining operations. The differences between size (Fig. 8), shape and value of pushbacks (Fig. 9) alternative scenarios are much bigger then of phases,
9 133 Fig. 6. Coal reserves (Mg) and overburden volume (m 3 ) of cumulated ultimate pit phases generated for two mining Cost Adjustment Factors (1 denotes circular advancing, 2 denotes parallel advancing) Rys. 6. Rezerwy wêgla (Mg) i objêtoœæ nadk³adu (m 3 ) skumulowanych ostatecznych faz odkrywki generowane dla dwóch Czynników Regulacji Kosztów Wydobycia (1 dla poszerzania ko³owego, 2 dla poszerzania równoleg³ego) Fig. 7. Cash flow and top assessment of the NPV of cumulated phases of the ultimate pit generated for two mining Cost Adjustment Factors (1 denotes circular advancing, 2 denotes parallel advancing) Rys. 7. Przep³yw pieniê ny i najlepsza ocena NPV skumulowanych ostatecznych faz odkrywki generowanych dla dwóch Czynników Regulacji Kosztów Wydobycia (1 dla poszerzania ko³owego, 2 dla poszerzania równoleg³ego)
10 134 Fig. 8. Coal reserves (Mg) and overburden volume (m 3 ) of cumulated pushbacks generated for two alternative mining scenario (1 denotes circular advancing, 2 denotes parallel advancing) Rys. 8. Rezerwy wêgla (Mg) i objêtoœæ nadk³adu (m 3 ) materia³ów skumulowanych generowane dla dwóch alternatywnych scenariuszy wydobycia (1 dla poszerzania ko³owego, 2 dla poszerzania równoleg³ego) Fig. 9. Cash flow and NPV of cumulated pushbacks generated for two alternative mining scenario (1 denotes circular advancing, 2 denotes parallel advancing) Rys. 9. Przep³yw pieniê ny i najlepsza ocena NPV materia³ów skumulowanych generowanych dla dwóch alternatywnych scenariuszy wydobycia (1 dla poszerzania ko³owego, 2 dla poszerzania równoleg³ego)
11 generated regardless on any mining constraints but the pit slope angle. The NPV of the last cumulated pushback is some 25% lower than the top assessment made for ultimate pit (Figures 7 and 9). 135 Fig. 10. Mining cost (MCOST) and annual profit throughout the mine life for two alternative mining scenarios (1 circular advancing, 2 parallel advancing) Rys. 10. Koszty wydobycia (MCOST) i zysk roczny przez ca³y czas u ytkowania kopalni dla dwóch alternatywnych scenariuszy wydobycia (1 dla poszerzania ko³owego, 2 dla poszerzania równoleg³ego) Fig. 11. Cash flow (cumulated) and NPV of the mine throughout its life for two alternative mining scenarios (1 circular advancing, 2 parallel advancing) Rys. 11. Przep³yw pieniê ny (skumulowany) i NPV kopalni przez ca³y czas jej u ytkowania dla dwóch alternatywnych scenariuszy wydobycia (1 dla poszerzania ko³owego, 2 dla poszerzania równoleg³ego)
12 136 Fig. 12. Strip ratio and averaged calorific value of lignite throughout the life-of-mine for two alternative mining scenarios (1 circular advancing, 2 parallel advancing); note: no data for period 0 (prestripping), strip ratio for period 1 omitted (prestripping continued) Rys. 12. Szybkoœæ wykonywania odkrywki i uœredniona wartoœæ kaloryczna lignitu przez ca³y czas u ytkowania kopalni dla dwóch alternatywnych scenariuszy wydobycia (1 dla poszerzania ko³owego, 2 dla poszerzania równoleg³ego); uwaga: brak danych dla okresu 0 (przed rozpoczêciem odkrywki), szybkoœæ wykonywania odkrywki dla okresu 1 pominiêta (ci¹g dalszy przed rozpoczêciem odkrywki) The Life-Of-Mine plans have been generated for both scenarios with the same settings: target: stripping ratio (target: 5.8, bounds: from 4.5 to 6.5, relaxed for first 3 years), lignite output: 2 million tonnes, maintained for years 4 11, with 3 beginning years for opening the pit (temporary output limited to 10, 50 and 70% of the target value, respectively) and one year for closing mining operations, the prestripping period allowed (year labelled 0 on charts) the development of the initial cut before any coal is reached. Each plan has been based on its own mining costs distribution (CAF) and sequence of pushbacks. As expected, the 1 st scenario provides higher cumulated cash flow and NPV than the 2 nd one due to lower transportation costs. The comparison of the results of two alternative long-term mine plans provides valuable data for a mine planner for further studies before the optimal mining solution can be found. Conclusions and remarks The presented method of modelling belt conveyor transportation costs for alternative mining scenarios allows to build more accurate economic block model of deposits that are planned to be mined with the use of continuous surface operations. This economic block model is suitable for the generation and analysis of the ultimate pit and after creating the
13 137 appropriate set of pushbacks for building and investigation alternative Life-of-Mine plans. The method seems to be a suitable supplement to the general purpose pit optimisation software which has not been adjusted for continuous surface mining requirements that are less flexible than those of cyclical mining. The original data for the presented case study have been used upon the permission of the Konin lignite mine. The obtained results are illustrative only. The computations have been made with the use of the Datamine Studio and NPV Scheduler mining software licensed for the Wroclaw University of Technology by Datamine Corporation. REFERENCES [1] Announcing the Standard for Integration Definition For Function Modeling (IDEF0), 1993, Draft Federal Information, Processing Standards Publication 183, 1993 December 21. [2] B e d n a r c z y k J., 2007 Scenarios of development of a lignite deposit Legnica. In Technology of development of a lignite deposit Legnica. Editor: Górnictwo odkrywkowe, Wroc³aw, 2007 (in Polish). [3] J u r d z i a k L., K a w a l e c W., 2000 Optimisation of the pit based on the price of lignite and quality requirements for the Szczerców deposit. VII Conference Proc.: The Exploitation of Mineral Resources, Zakopane 2000 (in Polish). [4] K a w a l e c W., K u l i n o w s k i P., 2007 Computations of belt conveyors. Transport Przemyslowy 1(27), 2007 (in Polish). [5] L e r c h s H., G r o s s m a n n I.F., 1965 Optimum Design and Open Pit Mines. Transactions, C.I.M. Vol. LXVIII, str , [6] P e t r i c h F., 2003 Optimisation of mining technology in the Lusatian mining area. Surface Mining Braunkohle, Other Minerals. 55(2003) No. 2. [7] U n d e r w o o d R., T o l w i ñ s k i B., 1998 A mathematical programming viewpoint for solving the ultimate pit problem. European Journal of Operational Research, 107 (1998) MODELOWANIE KOSZTÓW TRANSPORTU W PLANACH ALTERNATYWNEGO U YTKOWANIA KOPALNI DLA KOPALNI LIGNITU O POWIERZCHNI CI G EJ S³owa kluczowe Z³o e lignitu, kopalnia odkrywkowa, analiza finansowa Streszczenie Analiza finansowa planu u ytkowania kopalni w przypadku zoptymalizowanej odkrywki zale y od dok³adnoœci modelu ekonomicznego z³o a. Formu³a cenowa lignitu wynika z jego parametrów jakoœciowych i analizy rynku energii, ale koszty górnicze zale ¹ od systemu wydobycia. Gdy ustalone zostan¹ ostateczna wielkoœæ odkrywki i roczny uzysk, alternatywna rozbudowa odkrywki z odpowiednim systemem transportu mog¹ generowaæ ró ne lokalnie koszty górnicze. Przedstawiono modelowanie rozk³adu tych kosztów w modelu bloku ekonomicznego z³o a lignitu i ich wp³yw na przep³ywy pieniê ne kopalni w czasie jej u ytkowania.
14 138 MODELLING OF TRANSPORTATION COSTS FOR ALTERNATIVE LIFE-OF-MINE PLANS OF CONTINUOUS SURFACE LIGNITE MINES Lignite deposit, open pit, financial analysis Key words Abstract The financial analysis of a Life-Of-Mine plan of an optimised open pit depends on accuracy of its deposit economic model. The price formula of lignite can be built of its quality parameters and energy market analysis but mining costs depend on a mining system. Once the ultimate pit size and its annual output are set the alternative pit advancing with suitable conveying system can generate locally various mining costs. Modelling the distribution of these costs in an economic block model of a lignite deposit and their influence on mine s cash flow over its lifetime have been presented.
3D Modelling & Mine Planning Software. Comprehensive tools provide a competitive advantage from exploration to rehabilitation.
3D Modelling & Mine Planning Software Comprehensive tools provide a competitive advantage from exploration to rehabilitation. Maptek Vulcan, the world s premier 3D mining software solution, allows users
More informationTheoretical consideration in establishing the parameters of longwall panel
GOSPODARKA SUROWCAMI MINERALNYMI Tom 24 2008 Zeszyt 4/2 MAREK JASZCZUK*, JAN KANIA* Theoretical consideration in establishing the parameters of longwall panel Introduction So far the level of mining production
More informationSIMULATION OF EXTRACTION RATE AND SCHEDULING BASED ON GEOLOGICAL AND QUALITY MODELS AS A METHOD OF MINE PLANNING IN MODERN MINING
Górnictwo i Geoin ynieria Rok 29 Zeszyt 3/2 2005 Krzysztof Olszówka, Filip Orzechowski * SIMULATION OF EXTRACTION RATE AND SCHEDULING BASED ON GEOLOGICAL AND QUALITY MODELS AS A METHOD OF MINE PLANNING
More informationBENEFITS OF USING MOBILE CRUSHING AND SCREENING PLANTS IN QUARRYING CRUSHED STONE. 1. Introduction. Mario Klanfar*, Darko Vrkljan*
AGH Journal of Mining and Geoengineering vol. 36 No. 3 2012 Mario Klanfar*, Darko Vrkljan* BENEFITS OF USING MOBILE CRUSHING AND SCREENING PLANTS IN QUARRYING CRUSHED STONE 1. Introduction Mobile crushers
More informationTHE LEADING MINE SCHEDULING SOLUTION
THE LEADING MINE SCHEDULING SOLUTION XPAC XPAC: Scheduling software that is truly life of mine. XPAC is a business focused mine scheduling application, designed specifically for reserve modelling, production
More informationAccounting for stripping costs in the production phase costs of waste removal and the associated benefit
IFRIC Meeting Agenda reference 2A Staff Paper Date March 2010 Project Topic xtractive Activities Accounting for stripping costs in the production phase costs of waste removal and the associated benefit
More informationLUSATIAN LIGNITE MODERN, COMPETITIVE AND SUSTAINABLE LIGNITE MINING. 1. Introduction and summary. Wolfgang Ketzmer*
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria Rok 31 Zeszyt 2 2007 Wolfgang Ketzmer* LUSATIAN LIGNITE MODERN, COMPETITIVE AND SUSTAINABLE LIGNITE MINING 1. Introduction and summary Since May 2004, Vattenfall Europe Mining
More informationEconomical modeling for identification of best drilling choice in sublevel stoping
GOSPODARKA SUROWCAMI MINERALNYMI Tom 24 2008 Zeszyt 4/2 K. ORAEE*, A.H. BANGIAN**, A. PARHIZKAR*** Economical modeling for identification of best drilling choice in sublevel stoping Introduction Basically
More informationIn-Pit Crushing and Conveying Phil Morriss
In-Pit Crushing and Conveying Phil Morriss AGENDA 1. Introduction - what is In-Pit Crushing and Conveying (IPCC)? 2. What does a quarry need from IPCC? 3. Why and when should we consider using it? 4. How
More informationGeometry and Measurement
The student will be able to: Geometry and Measurement 1. Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of geometry and measurement and operations using measurements Use the US system of measurement for
More informationCoal preparation technology in Poland
GOSPODARKA SUROWCAMI MINERALNYMI Tom 22 2006 Zeszyt 4 WIES AW S. BLASCHKE*, LIDIA GAWLIK**, STANIS AW A. BLASCHKE*** Coal preparation technology in Poland Key words Coal preparation plant, steam coal,
More informationTypes of Mining - Expert Table
See page 6 Minerals Downunder Teacher Guide (2002) - Activity 4a Types of Mining - Expert Table How to Jigsaw Information 1. Divide the class into Home Groups of five for the five different types of mining
More informationCoal. Confidence of Coal Resources Estimation
Polish Academy of Sciences Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute Cracow, Poland Confidence of Coal Resources Estimation Estimating Risk-Adjusted Discount Rate for Hard Coal Projects Depending on
More informationCHAPTER 4 EARTHWORK. Section I. PLANNING OF EARTHWORK OPERATIONS
CHAPTER 4 EARTHWORK Section I. PLANNING OF EARTHWORK OPERATIONS IMPORTANCE In road, railroad, and airfield construction, the movement of large volumes of earth (earthwork) is one of the most important
More informationSolving Simultaneous Equations and Matrices
Solving Simultaneous Equations and Matrices The following represents a systematic investigation for the steps used to solve two simultaneous linear equations in two unknowns. The motivation for considering
More informationFuzzy logic-based approach to building damage risk assessment considering the social and economic value
GOSPODARKA SUROWCAMI MINERALNYMI Tom 24 2008 Zeszyt 3/1 AGNIESZKA MALINOWSKA* Fuzzy logic-based approach to building damage risk assessment considering the social and economic value Introduction The underground
More informationGemcom Minex and the Corporate Database
*Gemcom Software was acquired by Dassault Systèmes, the 3DEXPERIENCE Company, in July 2012. It is now known as GEOVIA. Gemcom Minex and the Corporate Database Jon Barber - Vice President, Minex, - Gemcom
More informationUSE OF SOLUTION STRATEGY IN OPEN CAST MINING TRUCK DISPATCHING SYSTEM
USE OF SOLUTION STRATEGY IN OPEN CAST MINING TRUCK DISPATCHING SYSTEM Kazem Oraee & Bahareh Asi Azad Univeristy Tehran South, Tehran, Iran Kavoshgaran consulting engineers, Tehran, Iran ABSTRACT: The technique
More informationIn mathematics, there are four attainment targets: using and applying mathematics; number and algebra; shape, space and measures, and handling data.
MATHEMATICS: THE LEVEL DESCRIPTIONS In mathematics, there are four attainment targets: using and applying mathematics; number and algebra; shape, space and measures, and handling data. Attainment target
More informationDepreciation of fixed assets and efficiency of investment and operation of a mining plant
GOSPODARKA SUROWCAMI MINERALNYMI Tom 23 2007 Zeszyt 4 TADEUSZ FRANIK* Depreciation of fixed assets and efficiency of investment and operation of a mining plant Key words Mining, hard coal mining, depreciation
More informationTURKEY CREEK PIT OPTIMISATION STUDY ADDS 2 YEARS MINE LIFE TO THE LITTLE EVA PROJECT AT CLONCURRY
10 August 2015 ASX: AOH, FSE: A2O TURKEY CREEK PIT OPTIMISATION STUDY ADDS 2 YEARS MINE LIFE TO THE LITTLE EVA PROJECT AT CLONCURRY Estimated oxide and sulphide resources within the optimum pit is 17.3
More informationGlencoe. correlated to SOUTH CAROLINA MATH CURRICULUM STANDARDS GRADE 6 3-3, 5-8 8-4, 8-7 1-6, 4-9
Glencoe correlated to SOUTH CAROLINA MATH CURRICULUM STANDARDS GRADE 6 STANDARDS 6-8 Number and Operations (NO) Standard I. Understand numbers, ways of representing numbers, relationships among numbers,
More informationCopyright 2011 Casa Software Ltd. www.casaxps.com. Centre of Mass
Centre of Mass A central theme in mathematical modelling is that of reducing complex problems to simpler, and hopefully, equivalent problems for which mathematical analysis is possible. The concept of
More informationAlgebra Geometry Glossary. 90 angle
lgebra Geometry Glossary 1) acute angle an angle less than 90 acute angle 90 angle 2) acute triangle a triangle where all angles are less than 90 3) adjacent angles angles that share a common leg Example:
More informationEFFICIENT METHOD FOR STORAGE OF LONG CONVEYOR BELTS PASSAGES INSIDE THE BULK CONTAINERS
TRANSPORT PROBLEMS 2011 PROBLEMY TRANSPORTU Volume 6 Issue 3 Maria ŁUSZCZKIEWICZ-PIĄTEK University of Łódź, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Department of Applied Computer Science Banacha St.
More informationGPS BASED TRUCK DISPATCH SYSTEM (TDS) IN HIGHLY MECHANIZED BAUXITE MINES A CASE STUDY.
GPS BASED TRUCK DISPATCH SYSTEM (TDS) IN HIGHLY MECHANIZED BAUXITE MINES A CASE STUDY. Dr Ashutosh Roul, PhD Senior Manager(Mines),NALCO. NALCO Asia s largest integrated Aluminium Complex, Encompassing
More informationSURFACE COAL MINING AND LAND RECLAMATION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria Rok 31 Zeszyt 2 2007 Ivan Svoboda*, Marie Vrbova*, Vratislav Ondráček** SURFACE COAL MINING AND LAND RECLAMATION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Mining of industrial minerals (in particular
More informationNumeracy Targets. I can count at least 20 objects
Targets 1c I can read numbers up to 10 I can count up to 10 objects I can say the number names in order up to 20 I can write at least 4 numbers up to 10. When someone gives me a small number of objects
More informationThe successful integration of 3D seismic into the mining process: Practical examples from Bowen Basin underground coal mines
Geophysics 165 Troy Peters The successful integration of 3D seismic into the mining process: Practical examples from Bowen Basin underground coal mines This paper discusses how mine staff from a number
More informationA new short- and medium-term production scheduling tool MineSight Schedule Optimizer (MSSO)
A new short- and medium-term production scheduling tool MineSight Schedule Optimizer (MSSO) Zhanyou Huang a, Wenlong Cai a, A. Frederick Banfield a a Mintec, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, USA The MineSight Schedule
More informationCharlesworth School Year Group Maths Targets
Charlesworth School Year Group Maths Targets Year One Maths Target Sheet Key Statement KS1 Maths Targets (Expected) These skills must be secure to move beyond expected. I can compare, describe and solve
More informationLevel 1 - Maths Targets TARGETS. With support, I can show my work using objects or pictures 12. I can order numbers to 10 3
Ma Data Hling: Interpreting Processing representing Ma Shape, space measures: position shape Written Mental method s Operations relationship s between them Fractio ns Number s the Ma1 Using Str Levels
More informationI-SiTE - Laser Scanning Revolutionises Site Survey
I-SiTE - Laser Scanning Revolutionises Site Survey I.K. Kapageridis Maptek/KRJA Systems Ltd, United Kingdom ABSTRACT: MAPTEK's revolutionary I-SiTE 3D Laser Imaging System, presented in this paper, is
More informationSELECTED ASPECTS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MODELLING
TOTAL LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT No. 1 2008 PP. 15 24 Tomasz AMBROZIAK, Dariusz PYZA SELECTED ASPECTS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MODELLING Abstract: The paper presents selected aspects of the transport services
More informationSuch As Statements, Kindergarten Grade 8
Such As Statements, Kindergarten Grade 8 This document contains the such as statements that were included in the review committees final recommendations for revisions to the mathematics Texas Essential
More informationAcceleration due to Gravity
Acceleration due to Gravity 1 Object To determine the acceleration due to gravity by different methods. 2 Apparatus Balance, ball bearing, clamps, electric timers, meter stick, paper strips, precision
More informationSavannah North Scoping Study Looking into the future 3 February 2016
Savannah North Scoping Study Looking into the future 3 February 2016 ASX: PAN Disclaimer Cautionary Statements This presentation includes information extracted from Panoramic Resources Limited ASX announcement
More informationRFID ENABLED GRADE CONTROL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
RFID ENABLED GRADE CONTROL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MINE TRIAL EXECUTIVE REPORT CATEGORY A Project CONTRACT NO. 4605002077 Approval The following Signatories approve this Project Process Report: NAME ROLE SIGNATURE
More informationNumeracy and mathematics Experiences and outcomes
Numeracy and mathematics Experiences and outcomes My learning in mathematics enables me to: develop a secure understanding of the concepts, principles and processes of mathematics and apply these in different
More informationFor personal use only
Korab Resources Limited Gold Operations Update November 2012 Andrej K. Karpinski Executive Chairman Korab Projects BOBRIKOVO MELROSE 1 Korab Gold Projects Other Korab Projects Robust Undervalued Gold Portfolio
More informationScreening Study of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the Electric Kettle with SimaPro Software***
GEOMATICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Volume 5 Number 3 2011 Katarzyna Grzesik*, Kinga Guca** Screening Study of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the Electric Kettle with SimaPro Software*** 1. Introduction
More informationLIGNITE MINING DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
LIGNITE MINING DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY STATEM ENT OF PRINCIPL E Recognizing that lignite will remain the principal fuel for electricity generation in the long term, the use of indigenous coal is encouraged
More informationChapter 8 Geometry We will discuss following concepts in this chapter.
Mat College Mathematics Updated on Nov 5, 009 Chapter 8 Geometry We will discuss following concepts in this chapter. Two Dimensional Geometry: Straight lines (parallel and perpendicular), Rays, Angles
More informationTutorial 8 Raster Data Analysis
Objectives Tutorial 8 Raster Data Analysis This tutorial is designed to introduce you to a basic set of raster-based analyses including: 1. Displaying Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 2. Slope calculations
More informationNEW MEXICO Grade 6 MATHEMATICS STANDARDS
PROCESS STANDARDS To help New Mexico students achieve the Content Standards enumerated below, teachers are encouraged to base instruction on the following Process Standards: Problem Solving Build new mathematical
More informationNEWS RELEASE LEXAM ANNOUNCES POSITIVE PRELIMINARY ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT RESULTS FOR THE OPEN PIT PROJECTS IN TIMMINS
NEWS RELEASE LEXAM ANNOUNCES POSITIVE PRELIMINARY ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT RESULTS FOR THE OPEN PIT PROJECTS IN TIMMINS Project Generates 32% IRR and C$33 Million NPV After-Tax; Cash Costs of US$865 per Ounce
More informationTechnical and safety successes of Hungary's lignite-mining operations at MÁTRA Power Plant
Technical and safety successes of Hungary's lignite-mining operations at MÁTRA Power Plant Dr Joachim Witzel MÁTRAI ERŐMŰ ZRT. Mátrai Erőmű Zrt. 10.03.2011 SEITE 1 Structure 1. MÁTRA Power Plant in Hungary
More informationPrentice Hall Mathematics: Course 1 2008 Correlated to: Arizona Academic Standards for Mathematics (Grades 6)
PO 1. Express fractions as ratios, comparing two whole numbers (e.g., ¾ is equivalent to 3:4 and 3 to 4). Strand 1: Number Sense and Operations Every student should understand and use all concepts and
More informationBUSINESS PLAN FOR THE MINERAL PROJECT FOR [NAME(S) OF PERIMETER(S)] SUBMITTED TO THE MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES/RWANDA
(COVER PAGE) COMPANY NAME PHONE / Fax Physical Address P.O. Box Email Website BUSINESS PLAN FOR THE MINERAL PROJECT FOR [NAME(S) OF PERIMETER(S)] SUBMITTED TO THE MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES/RWANDA NAME
More informationStudent Outcomes. Lesson Notes. Classwork. Exercises 1 3 (4 minutes)
Student Outcomes Students give an informal derivation of the relationship between the circumference and area of a circle. Students know the formula for the area of a circle and use it to solve problems.
More informationMath 1B, lecture 5: area and volume
Math B, lecture 5: area and volume Nathan Pflueger 6 September 2 Introduction This lecture and the next will be concerned with the computation of areas of regions in the plane, and volumes of regions in
More informationHydrogeological Data Visualization
Conference of Junior Researchers in Civil Engineering 209 Hydrogeological Data Visualization Boglárka Sárközi BME Department of Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics, e-mail: sarkozi.boglarka@fmt.bme.hu Abstract
More informationDeswik.Sched. Gantt Chart Scheduling
Deswik.Sched Gantt Chart Scheduling SCHEDULING SOLUTIONS THAT SET US APART A dynamic, modern approach to scheduling From interactive Gantt charts to PERT network diagrams, Deswik.Sched is tailored for
More informationDŵr y Felin Comprehensive School. Perimeter, Area and Volume Methodology Booklet
Dŵr y Felin Comprehensive School Perimeter, Area and Volume Methodology Booklet Perimeter, Area & Volume Perimeters, Area & Volume are key concepts within the Shape & Space aspect of Mathematics. Pupils
More informationVolumes of Revolution
Mathematics Volumes of Revolution About this Lesson This lesson provides students with a physical method to visualize -dimensional solids and a specific procedure to sketch a solid of revolution. Students
More informationFOREWORD. Executive Secretary
FOREWORD The Botswana Examinations Council is pleased to authorise the publication of the revised assessment procedures for the Junior Certificate Examination programme. According to the Revised National
More informationHISTOGRAMS, CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY AND BOX PLOTS
Mathematics Revision Guides Histograms, Cumulative Frequency and Box Plots Page 1 of 25 M.K. HOME TUITION Mathematics Revision Guides Level: GCSE Higher Tier HISTOGRAMS, CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY AND BOX PLOTS
More informationSECTION 1-6 Quadratic Equations and Applications
58 Equations and Inequalities Supply the reasons in the proofs for the theorems stated in Problems 65 and 66. 65. Theorem: The complex numbers are commutative under addition. Proof: Let a bi and c di be
More informationDeveloping Power Projects in Southern Africa. Cape Town Presentation 8 th February 2016
Developing Power Projects in Southern Africa Cape Town Presentation 8 th February 2016 Company Highlights AFR now participating in the development of three large-scale power projects in Botswana Completion
More informationThe Circumference Function
2 Geometry You have permission to make copies of this document for your classroom use only. You may not distribute, copy or otherwise reproduce any part of this document or the lessons contained herein
More informationA GIS BASED GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR LONG TERM MINERAL PLANNING
A GIS BASED GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR LONG TERM MINERAL PLANNING Mauro Prado, Hydrogeologist - SRK Consulting, Perth, Australia Richard Connelly, Principal Hydrogeologist - SRK UK Ltd, Cardiff, United
More informationSection 1: How will you be tested? This section will give you information about the different types of examination papers that are available.
REVISION CHECKLIST for IGCSE Mathematics 0580 A guide for students How to use this guide This guide describes what topics and skills you need to know for your IGCSE Mathematics examination. It will help
More informationI Newsletter Q1 WELCOME TO OUR FIRST NEWSLETTER EDITION FOR 2015!
I Newsletter Q1 WELCOME TO OUR FIRST NEWSLETTER EDITION FOR 2015! It s been a while since our last newsletter, but don t worry -- it s not you, it s us! We ve had our heads down hard at work speeding up
More informationSettlement of Precast Culverts Under High Fills; The Influence of Construction Sequence and Structural Effects of Longitudinal Strains
Settlement of Precast Culverts Under High Fills; The Influence of Construction Sequence and Structural Effects of Longitudinal Strains Doug Jenkins 1, Chris Lawson 2 1 Interactive Design Services, 2 Reinforced
More informationOptimal site selection for heap leaching structures by the analytic hierarchy process (case study: Taft heap leaching structure, Iran)
GOSPODARKA SUROWCAMI MINERALNYMI Tom 29 2013 Zeszyt 1 DOI 10.2478/gospo-2013-0005 SAEED SOLTANI-MOHAMMADI*, MEHDI AMINI** Optimal site selection for heap leaching structures by the analytic hierarchy process
More informationManual for simulation of EB processing. Software ModeRTL
1 Manual for simulation of EB processing Software ModeRTL How to get results. Software ModeRTL. Software ModeRTL consists of five thematic modules and service blocks. (See Fig.1). Analytic module is intended
More information3 Work, Power and Energy
3 Work, Power and Energy At the end of this section you should be able to: a. describe potential energy as energy due to position and derive potential energy as mgh b. describe kinetic energy as energy
More informationStrategic Mine Planning Flexible mine planning to meet changes in the business environment. SRK Consulting Engineers and Scientists
Strategic Mine Planning Flexible mine planning to meet changes in the business environment Jurgen Fuykschot SRK Consulting Minex Conference 2009 Engineers and Scientists MINE PLANNING The process to get
More informationSample Test Questions
mathematics College Algebra Geometry Trigonometry Sample Test Questions A Guide for Students and Parents act.org/compass Note to Students Welcome to the ACT Compass Sample Mathematics Test! You are about
More informationPeter M. Arronax Consultants, Ltd. 1954 S. Quid Street, Captainee, MO 61057
Peter M. Arronax Consultants, Ltd. 1954 S. Quid Street, Captainee, MO 61057 To: Mr. J. A. Mesmason, Crew Chief Nautilus Salvage, Inc., 20000 Buena Vista Avenue, Vulcania, Hawaii 96807 From: J. Liu, T.
More informationModel Virginia Map Accuracy Standards Guideline
Commonwealth of Virginia Model Virginia Map Accuracy Standards Guideline Virginia Information Technologies Agency (VITA) Publication Version Control Publication Version Control: It is the user's responsibility
More informationCut-off Grades and Optimising the Strategic Mine Plan Contents
Cut-off Grades and Optimising the Strategic Mine Plan Contents CHAPTER 1 PART 1 Introduction Introductory comments 1 The evolution of cut-off theory increasing numbers of dimensions 2 Conducting cut-off
More informationCost Benefits analysis
Cost Benefits analysis One of the key items in any business case is an analysis of the costs of a project that includes some consideration of both the cost and the payback (be it in monetary or other terms).
More informationBaganuur coal mine expansion Opportunities for investors. Ulaanbaatar
Baganuur coal mine expansion Opportunities for investors Ulaanbaatar Content Introduction Resources and reserves Coal production Market outlook Mine expansion plan Research and development Investment issues
More informationCOMPUTING CLOUD MOTION USING A CORRELATION RELAXATION ALGORITHM Improving Estimation by Exploiting Problem Knowledge Q. X. WU
COMPUTING CLOUD MOTION USING A CORRELATION RELAXATION ALGORITHM Improving Estimation by Exploiting Problem Knowledge Q. X. WU Image Processing Group, Landcare Research New Zealand P.O. Box 38491, Wellington
More informationThe Olympus stereology system. The Computer Assisted Stereological Toolbox
The Olympus stereology system The Computer Assisted Stereological Toolbox CAST is a Computer Assisted Stereological Toolbox for PCs running Microsoft Windows TM. CAST is an interactive, user-friendly,
More informationNumber Sense and Operations
Number Sense and Operations representing as they: 6.N.1 6.N.2 6.N.3 6.N.4 6.N.5 6.N.6 6.N.7 6.N.8 6.N.9 6.N.10 6.N.11 6.N.12 6.N.13. 6.N.14 6.N.15 Demonstrate an understanding of positive integer exponents
More informationChapter 111. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Mathematics. Subchapter B. Middle School
Middle School 111.B. Chapter 111. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Mathematics Subchapter B. Middle School Statutory Authority: The provisions of this Subchapter B issued under the Texas Education
More informationBasic Understandings
Activity: TEKS: Exploring Transformations Basic understandings. (5) Tools for geometric thinking. Techniques for working with spatial figures and their properties are essential to understanding underlying
More informationAPPENDIX H7: POOL SPREAD AREAS FOR INSTANTANEOUS TANK FAILURE
APPENDIX H7: POOL SPREAD AREAS FOR INSTANTANEOUS TANK FAILURE H7.1 Introduction H7.1.1.1 The extent of flow of liquid from a instantaneous tank failure has been assessed based on the physical modelling
More informationegyptigstudentroom.com
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education *5128615949* MATHEMATICS 0580/04, 0581/04 Paper 4 (Extended) May/June 2007 Additional Materials:
More informationDetour Gold Provides New Life of Mine Plan for Detour Lake
January 25, 2016 NEWS RELEASE Detour Gold Provides New Life of Mine Plan for Detour Lake Detour Gold Corporation (TSX: DGC) ( Detour Gold or the Company ) is pleased to announce a new life of mine plan
More informationAFRICAN GOLD GROUP, INC. DEFINITIVE FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR KOBADA GOLD PROJECT GENERATES ROBUST ECONOMIC OUTCOME
African Gold Group, Inc. TSX-V: AGG Yonge & Richmond Centre 151 Yonge Street, 11th Floor. Toronto Canada M5C 2W7 Tel: +1 647 775 8538 website : www.africangoldgroup.com AFRICAN GOLD GROUP, INC. DEFINITIVE
More informationCalculating Area and Volume of Ponds and Tanks
SRAC Publication No. 103 Southern Regional Aquaculture Center August 1991 Calculating Area and Volume of Ponds and Tanks Michael P. Masser and John W. Jensen* Good fish farm managers must know the area
More informationMIKE 21 FLOW MODEL HINTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN APPLICATIONS WITH SIGNIFICANT FLOODING AND DRYING
1 MIKE 21 FLOW MODEL HINTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN APPLICATIONS WITH SIGNIFICANT FLOODING AND DRYING This note is intended as a general guideline to setting up a standard MIKE 21 model for applications
More informationINTELLIGENT. belt CLEANING BELT CLEANING SOLUTIONS
INTELLIGENT belt CLEANING BELT CLEANING SOLUTIONS BELT CLEANING saves MONEY Carryback is the problem confronted by the material handling industry where product is transported by belt conveyors. working
More informationPARCC Grade 08 Mathematics Practice Test Released April, 2014 http://practice.parcc.testnav.com/#
Non-Calculator Part 1. Solve for. Enter your answer in the space provided. Enter only your solution. ( ) ( ) 2. Which decimal is equivalent to? Select your answer. A. B. C. D. 3. Two lines are graphed
More informationCommon Core Unit Summary Grades 6 to 8
Common Core Unit Summary Grades 6 to 8 Grade 8: Unit 1: Congruence and Similarity- 8G1-8G5 rotations reflections and translations,( RRT=congruence) understand congruence of 2 d figures after RRT Dilations
More information15.3. Calculating centres of mass. Introduction. Prerequisites. Learning Outcomes. Learning Style
Calculating centres of mass 15.3 Introduction In this block we show how the idea of integration as the limit of a sum can be used to find the centre of mass of an object such as a thin plate, like a sheet
More informationWHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT LIVING NEAR INDIANA COAL MINES
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT LIVING NEAR INDIANA COAL MINES Who Should Read This Guide? Home Buyers/Owners Lending Institutions Landowners Developers Local Officials Construction Design Realtors Companies
More information(a) Using an MPC of.5, the impact of $100 spent the government will be as follows: 1 100 100 2 50 150 3 25 175 4 12.5 187.5 5 6.25 193.
S5 Solutions 24 points Chapter 2: Fiscal policy. If the marginal propensity to save is.5, how large is the multiplier? If the marginal propensity to save doubles to., what happens to the multiplier? With
More informationSoftware Stability Model for Dump Truck Scheduling
Software Stability Model for Dump Truck Scheduling Dr. Mohamed Fayad Majid Nabavi Abstract The software stability model is applied to a classic dispatching problem, namely: Dump Truck Scheduling. Like
More informationDraft IFRIC Interpretation DI/2010/1 Stripping Costs in the Production Phase of a Surface Mine
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited 2 New Street Square London EC4A 3BZ United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 20 7936 3000 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7583 1198 www.deloitte.com Direct: +44 20 7007 0884 Direct Fax: +44 20 7007
More informationPre-Algebra 2008. Academic Content Standards Grade Eight Ohio. Number, Number Sense and Operations Standard. Number and Number Systems
Academic Content Standards Grade Eight Ohio Pre-Algebra 2008 STANDARDS Number, Number Sense and Operations Standard Number and Number Systems 1. Use scientific notation to express large numbers and small
More informationInternational approaches to mining projects: Due Diligence, Scoping, Pre-Feasibility, Feasibility Studies
International approaches to mining projects: Due Diligence, Scoping, Pre-Feasibility, Feasibility Studies Sergei Sabanov, PhD, CEng MIMMM Date:10 December 2013 Location: Almaty, Kazakhstan SRK Consulting
More informationFACULTY OF MANAGEMENT. Department of Corporate Finance USING OF REAL OPTIONS IN DECISION MAKING CONCERNING LIQUIDATION OF COAL-MINES
FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT Department of Corporate Finance Cezary Mróz USING OF REAL OPTIONS IN DECISION MAKING CONCERNING LIQUIDATION OF COAL-MINES Summary of doctoral thesis Promoter: dr hab. Jacek Mizerka,
More informationApplication of the Thermo Scientific CQM Online Coal Analyzer in Anjialing Coal Preparation Plant s Rail Loadout
Application of the Thermo Scientific CQM Online Coal Analyzer in Anjialing Coal Preparation Plant s Rail Loadout Pingshuo Coal Industry Limited Liability Corporation (PSC) is China Coal Energy Group's
More informationNext-generation mining: People and technology working together
Next-generation mining: People and technology working together Every new Mine of the Future technology begins with the question: What new idea can we bring to mining to make it safer, more productive,
More informationFRICTION, WORK, AND THE INCLINED PLANE
FRICTION, WORK, AND THE INCLINED PLANE Objective: To measure the coefficient of static and inetic friction between a bloc and an inclined plane and to examine the relationship between the plane s angle
More informationUnderstand the Sketcher workbench of CATIA V5.
Chapter 1 Drawing Sketches in Learning Objectives the Sketcher Workbench-I After completing this chapter you will be able to: Understand the Sketcher workbench of CATIA V5. Start a new file in the Part
More information