Bat Research at the Limestone Cave in South East Asia
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1 25 Years of Bat Research at the Limestone Cave in Bad Segeberg Dipl.-Biol. Karl Kugelschafter departed/ roosting bats [n] Bad Segeberg, 6 February ChiroTEC - Verhaltenssensorik und Umweltgutachten Lohra
2 It happened exactly 25 years ago. And it was the event, which later on gave a new direction to my life. At least 353 bats caught by cats in 1989 (visual census on 11 March 1989: 370 bats) (Puchstein 1992) Foto: K. Spruck
3 Start-up team of the Segeberg-Project Susanne Vogel Alfred Ortmann Werner Kimpel Foto: T. Stephan
4 A. Ortmann former chairman of den NABU group Bad Segeberg His questions How many bats are hibernating in the cave? What are the seasonal activity patterns of the bats? Which species are using the cave? How many indivuals of which species are using the cave for hibernation?! I was supposed to collect the data without touching the bats
5 The car-marten-project at the Justus-Liebig University Gießen
6 Marderfoto, Wildbio etc. Karte mit Verbindungslinie This is where the light barrier system was developed Departement of natural sciences of the Justus-Liebig University in Gießen
7 Experimental development Arbeitskreis Wildbiologie an der Justus-Liebig University Gießen e.v. Dr. Dipl.-Phys. Thomas Horvath Dipl.-Phys. Werner Kimpel Foto: T. Stephan, 1994
8 Spring 1991: Start of the practical phase. Finally the third model fulfilled our expectations. Foto: T. Stephan 1 August 1992: Installation of two light barrier systems and start of the bat census.
9 Surprising results in autumn departing/ arriving bats [n]
10 40 35 As a result: > hibernating bats hibernating bats (n) We were convinced, this can t be true!
11 Spring 1993 It started with a whole bunch of problems. Finally, at the 9th of March the light barrier system at the entrance was working. Two days later the light barrier system at the discovery opening was operating. And up from the 25th of March the third light barrier system, which was meant to monitor the crevices, was working.
12 First evidence for a mass hibernacula in spring 1993 no data no data no data departed bats [n] hibernating bats
![-400-600 -800 departed bats [n] 8.](/docs-images/52/12469421/images/page_12.jpg "297 hibernating bats 14.3 21.3 28.3 4.4 11.")
13 In spring 1994 the results were confirmed hibernating bats hibernating bats [n]
14 But there were still doubts among colleagues Are there mosquitos in the cave? (J. Gebhard at the convention of the bat research workers in September 1995 in Kiel) Foto: T. Stephan
15 How the light barrier systems works Only logical interruptions of departing/ arriving bats are registered (objects from 3,5cm on)!
16 The light barrier systems changed our knowledge about hibernacula Phenomenon mass hibernaculas of bats (recent data) Kalkberghöhle/ Schleswig-Holstein: Alte Levensauer Hochbrücke (Kiel/ S-H): Landgrafenschloß (Marburg/ Hessen): Brunnen Meyer (NRW, Trappmann 2005): Mauerstollen (Grubenfeld Mayen, R-P): Trollenhagen (Keller, Meck-Pomm): Windloch (Naturhöhle, Bayern): bats bats bats bats bats bats bats
17 departing/ arriving bats [n] Moreover it allows a detailed look into the seasonal use of hibernacula
18 30.4 History of departing bats in springtime between 1994 and Rel. Anteil ausgeflogener Fledermäuse [%]
![1997 1998 1999 Rel. Anteil ausgeflogener Fledermäuse [%] 19.](/docs-images/52/12469421/images/page_18.jpg "2 24.2 1.3 6.3 11.3 16.3 21.3 26.3 31.3 5.4 10.4 15.4 20.")
19 Phenomenon springtime visits at hibernacula
20 Indeed, no mosquitos Cluster of Daubenton s bats (May 1993) Foto: A. Ortmann
21 Similar picture in August Thousands of Daubenton s bats visit the cave Foto: T. Stephan
22 From 1995 the next step was: species identification based on video sequences Bechstein s bat Daubenton s bat Frozen images from video tapes Natterer s bat
23 Time went by: we were allowed to use harp traps
24 Results First of all the data point differences of the species (in their ecological niche) n = Wasserfledermäuse Fransenfledermäuse Bechsteinfledermäuse untersuchte Fledermäuse [n]
25 n = Männchen Weibchen adult juvenil untersuchte Wasserfledermäuse [n] untersuchte Wasserfledermäue [n] Detailed Results Daubenton s bats Männchen Weibchen n = Natterer s bats untersuchte Fransenfledermäuse [n]
26 Weight development in autumn (on average) Männchen Weibchen Durchschnittsgewicht [g] M. daubentonii Männchen Weibchen Durchschnittsgewicht [g] M. nattereri
27 13,1-14 g 14,1-15 g 15,1-16 g Weight development in autumn (in detail) M. daubentonii n = 274 (5.9.) Männchen Weibchen Gewichtsklassen [%] 0 n = g 6,1-7 g 7,1-8 g 8,1-9 g 9,1-10 g 10,1-11 g 11,1-12 g 12,.1-13 g 13,1-14 g 14,1-15 g 15,1-16 g 5-6 g 6,1-7 g 7,1-8 g 8,1-9 g 9,1-10 g 10,1-11 g 11,1-12 g 12,.1-13 g Männchen Weibchen n = 450 ( ) Gewichtsklassen [%] 5-6 g 6,1-7 g 7,1-8 g 8,1-9 g 9,1-10 g 10,1-11 g 11,1-12 g 12,.1-13 g 13,1-14 g 14,1-15 g 15,1-16 g g 6,1-7 g 7,1-8 g 8,1-9 g 9,1-10 g 10,1-11 g 11,1-12 g 12,.1-13 g 13,1-14 g 14,1-15 g 15,1-16 g 5 0 n = 185 ( ) Männchen Weibchen Männchen Weibchen 13,1-14 g 14,1-15 g 15,1-16 g Gewichtsklassen [n%] Gewichtsklassen [%] n = Männchen Weibchen 13,1-14 g 14,1-15 g 15,1-16 g M. nattereri Gewichtsklassen [%] 12,.1-13 g 5-6 g 6,1-7 g 7,1-8 g 8,1-9 g 9,1-10 g 10,1-11 g 11,1-12 g 30 n = g 6,1-7 g 7,1-8 g 8,1-9 g 9,1-10 g 10,1-11 g 10 0 Männchen Weibchen Gewichtsklassen [%] 11,1-12 g 12,.1-13 g
28 2001: first attempts with automatic scales
29 Shock in 2001: where did the bats go? hibernating bats [n] 0 N = departing bats
30 Renewal of the exit cabins in 2003 Foto: T. Schipmann Foto: T. Schipmann
31 At the same time: renewal of the light barrier system
32 Increase of hibernating bats Implications for openings in former cabins Technical problems hibernating bats [n] 0
33 2005 building Noctalis
34 From 2007 on not too far from Bad Segeberg: development of the photo technique
35 Surprising species richness in the Levensauer Hochbrücke near Kiel
36 2011: application of the new technique in SE discovery opening departure discovery opening arrival entrance-departure entrance-arrival Foto: F. Gloza-Rausch
37 Results of the sampling Daubenton s bats (incl. pond bats) Natterer s bats
38 Estimated number of hibernators > 400 Bechstein s bats
39 What s the future research in Bad Segeberg Sexing based on photo technique?
40 Bat research is Teamwork Bats are highly developed mammals with complex behaviour. Those who want to work with them need to act as a team. To all the people I worked with the last 20 years, discussed, developed ideas or just had a beer with: Thank you!!
41 Thanks Special thanks to A. Ortmann. He had the vision of the light barrier system and managed to realize it. Thanks to the different institutions and administrations for their financial and visionary support: the Arbeitskreis Wildbiologie at the Justus-Liebig University Gießen e.v., the NABU Bad Segeberg, the government of the province Schleswig-Holstein, the NABU LV Schleswig-Holstein e.v., the bayr. LfU, the environmental ministry Hessen u.v.a. Last but not least, a warm thank you to all the bat workers and assistants for their support. Without your help the complex research work would have not been realized: Dipl.-Biol. H. Demant, H. Dieterich, Dr. Dipl.-Biol. M. Dietz, D. Fünfstück, H. Friedrich, Dipl.-Ing. M. Göttsche, Dr. J. Götz, Dipl.-Biol. F. Gloza-Rausch, Dipl.-Biol. C. Harrje, M. Harder, Dipl.-Biol R. Heuser, Dr. Dipl.-Phys. T. Horvath, Dipl.-Biol. H. Jauker, Dipl.-Phys. W. Kimpel, C. Kreidler, G. Knipfer, L. Leber, R. Leitl, S. Lüders, Dipl.-Biol. B-U. Rudolph, Dr. Dipl.-Phys. B. Spruck, Dr. vet.med. M. Straube, A. Twardy, Kaya Spruck, Klaus Spruck, T. Stephan, T. Volk, J. Vollmer, Dipl.-Biol. A. Weckert, B. Wimmer u.v.a.
42 Thank you for your attention Foto: T. Stephan
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