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6 Presentation Overview Look at the OSDUS and identify trends. Identify how Developmental Assets relate to substance use. Teenage brain development and substance use effects. What signs of use you may see in a substance user. Explore and define the Continuum of Drug and Alcohol Use.

7 What youth are using Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey, The longest ongoing study of adolescent drug use in Canada. HYS Halton Youth Survey, 2010 Gr. 7 and Gr.10

8 Past year of drug use, once or more Drug OSDUHS 2009 OSDUHS 2011 OSDUHS 2013 Alcohol 58.2% 54.9% 49.5% Energy Drinks % 39.7% Cannabis 25.6% 22.0% 23% Opioids 17.8% 14.0% 12.4% Cigarettes 11.7% 8.7% 8.5% OTC Cough Med 7.2% 6.9% 9.7% Cocaine 3.2% 2.4% 2.4%

9 Most Commonly Used Drugs Grades 7-12 Students (OSDUHS, 2013) Alcohol (49.5%) Energy Drinks (39.7%) Cannabis (23.0%) Opioid Pain Relievers (12.4%) Cigarettes (8.5%)

10 Trends in drug use are No drugs have shown significant increase. Significant change has been with: Alcohol decrease from 54.9% % Energy drinks decrease from 49.5% % Inhalants from 5.6% - 3.4% Significate increase in grade 7-12 in over-the-counter cough/cold medication from 7.2% - 9.7%. 32% of student who reported alcohol use in the past year, reported drinking alcohol hazardously or harmfully. 18% of students could not remember what had happened. Drugging and Driving is higher than Drinking and Driving

11 2010 Halton Youth Survey Percentage of Students using Cannabis in the past 12 months by the Number of Assets 50% 48% Percentage of Students 40% 30% 20% 10% 31% 17% 0% 6% 1% 1% 6% Grade 7 Grade

12 2010 Halton Youth Survey Percentage of Students engaging in at least one heavy drinking episode per month in the past 12 months by the number of assets 60 Percentage of Students to 5 6 to to to 21 0 Grade 7 Grade 10

13 Brain Development The brain is under construction until 24 years old. Brain maturation occurs from the back to front. The emotional brain rules. Thinking Brain Governing emotions Judgment Planning Organization Problem Solving Impulse Inhibition Abstraction

14 What you may see PHYSICAL SIGNS Change is sleeping patterns: sleeping all the time, sleeping very little. Weight gain or loss. Bloodshot eyes, usually large/ small pupils. Runny nose. Unusual smells (e.g., gasoline, tobacco) Thinning or loss of hair.

15 What you may see con t Bruises, skin abrasions, rashes on face. Less attentive to self care. BEHAVIORAL SIGNS Negative changes in schoolwork; missing school or declining grades, lack of interest in the future. Lying, stealing, being manipulative, increased secrecy about possessions or activities, subtle changes in conversations with friends, e.g., more secretive, using coded language/ new friends

16 What you may see con t Mood changes; withdrawn, more or less energetic, depressed, anxious, argumentative, difficult to talk with, excessive irritability or happiness. Frequent forgetfulness. Use of incense, room deodorant or perfume to hides smoke or chemical odours, new use of mouthwash or breath mints Change in clothing choices - new fascination with clothes that highlight drug use.

17 What you may see con t Removes self from extra-curricular activities, spends time removed from family, more time away from home/ not coming home, late night phone calls. Increase in borrowing money. Evidence of drug paraphernalia, such as pipes, rolling papers etc, bottles of eye drops, which may be used to mask bloodshot eyes or dilated pupil Missing prescription drugs especially narcotics

18 Screening for a concern

19 What parents can do. Know where your child is, what they are doing, who they are doing it with and when they are going to be home. Praise their efforts and strengths, encourage positive behaviours, show pride and appreciation, listen to their ideas and ask for their help. Model low-risk alcohol use and no illegal drug use. Talk to your kids about your expectations regarding the use of alcohol and other drugs. Tell you kids clearly how you will handle situations involving substances.