KOSOVO ACCREDITATION AGENCY (KAA)

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1 KOSOVO ACCREDITATION AGENCY (KAA) SELF-EVALUATION REPORT Approved by KAA s Board on 24 October 2013 This Report is also available on-line on the Agency s website, 1

2 CONTENTS 1. Introduction Context and purpose of the Self-Evaluation Report Background to the self-evaluation process Higher Education and Quality Assurance in Kosovo Background to current situation of higher education in Kosovo Structure of Kosovo higher education Degree structures Development of Quality Assurance in Kosovo higher education Current status and role of KAA Funding of KAA KAA organization and bodies KAA s international activities KAA s accreditation activities Accreditation procedures and decisions KAA-defined standards and procedures Different types of accreditation procedures External quality assurance for study programmes Initial accreditation and licensing Reaccreditation procedures Other KAA responsibilities: Stragetic development plan of KAA The national context SWOT analysis for the Agency Strategic priorities for the quinquennium KAA Compliance with European Standards and Guidelines ESG part ESG 2.1. Use of internal quality assurance procedures ESG 2.2. Development of external quality assurance processes ESG 2.3. Criteria for decisions ESG 2.4. Processes fit for purpose ESG 2.5. Reporting ESG 2.6. Follow up-procedures ESG 2.7. Periodic reviews ESG 2.8. System-wide analyses ESG part ESG 3.1. Use of external quality assurance procedures ESG 3.2. Official status

3 ESG 3.3. Activities ESG 3.4. Resources ESG 3.5. Mission statement ESG 3.6. Independence ESG 3.7. External QA criteria and processes used ESG 3.8. Accountability procedures Conclusion List of Annexes

4 LIST OF ACRONYMS AI Administrative Instruction (from MEST) BFUG Bologna Follow-Up Group CEENQA Central and Eastern European Network for Quality Assurance ECTS European Credit Accumulation and Transfer System EHEA European Higher Education Area ENQA European Association of Quality Assurance in Higher Education EQAR European Registry of (credible) QA agencies EQF European Qualifications Framework ESG European Standards and Guidelines HE Higher Education HEI Higher Education Institution INQAAHE International Network of Quality Assurance Agencies in HE KAA Kosovo Accreditation Agency KAIP Kosovo-Austria Institutional Partnership Project on HE and Research LHE Law on Higher Education (Kosovo) MEST Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Kosovo) NQC National Quality Council (KAA s Board) NQF National Qualifications Framework RaG Report at Glance UNMIK United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo 4

5 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Context and purpose of the Self-Evaluation Report Kosovo higher education is facing many challenges in its role as a promoter of economic, social and cultural development of the society, with the aim to transform it in a society of knowledge and innovation, able to compete in a global market of knowledge. But the current state of higher education in Kosovo cannot be understood without previous knowledge of its recent political developments. Among the many challenges higher education in Kosovo has faced, the largest and most important has been its struggle for existence during the segregation process in the period This period is known as the period of survival when, as the result of the segregation policy by the then Serbian regime, higher education in the Albanian language functioned as a "parallel system organized in private homes at all level of education. This served the Albanian-speaking students, teachers, professors and administrative staff who had been banned from the only university in that time (the University of Pristina), as well as from the whole school system. With many efforts and strong commitments of both academic staff and students, Albanian-speaking students continued their studies in private homes, with poorly equipped classrooms, without adequate equipment, literature, laboratories and other services. This parallel, underground education system in Albanian language functioned until the escalation of the armed conflict in March 1999.This ten-year period of isolation caused delays in the development and reforms of higher education in Kosovo in comparison with neighbouring countries and Europe as a whole. After the conflict ended in 1999, the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) was initially in charge of all areas of education, and was tasked with creating formal institutions and authorities in Kosovo, such as the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) that was set up in With strong support from the international community present in Kosovo, higher education went through tremendous developments and reforms in an effort to catch up with the developments elsewhere in the European area. Besides the reconstruction of the education system and the reorganization of academic life, another challenge for higher education at that time resulted from the adoption of

6 the Bologna Declaration by the University of Pristina in 2001, making it one of the first universities in Europe to start with the reforms called for in the EHEA. In the spirit of the Bologna Declaration a new Law on Higher Education (No. 2003/14) was drafted in 2002 and adopted in It focuses on the necessary structural reforms and the establishment of internal and external quality assurance systems in higher education that would enable Kosovo to effectively integrate in the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). In 2008, on the basis of the Law on Higher Education (No. 2003/14) (Annex 1), the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) made the decision to create the Kosovo Accreditation Agency (KAA) with real authority to act as a public, independent agency responsible for assessing and promoting quality in higher education in Kosovo. Since its establishment KAA has been actively involved in supporting higher education to transform itself through the implementation of reforms and the increasing awareness of the importance of quality and quality assurance. Therefore the Kosovo Accreditation Agency is seen in society as a key actor effectively promoting the development and improvement of quality in higher education. In order to effectively play its role, KAA has developed its procedures and expertise based on the best international practices in the area of higher education quality assurance. From the very beginning KAA has been committed to developing its standards and procedures in full compliance with the European Standards and Guidelines for quality assurance in Higher education (ESG), by adapting them in the national context. During its short life, KAA has placed great importance on communication with stakeholders and public opinion in order to make its work transparent and to build up public trust. At the moment, KAA is affiliate to ENQA and is a member of CEENQA and INQAAHE. A key strategic objective of the Agency is to become a full member of ENQA and EQAR. Due to the small size of the country, in full awareness of the need to avoid conflicts of interest, a golden rule of KAA has been to engage only international experts in its evaluation procedures, which has given a marked international dimension to its work and its profile. 6

7 1.2. Background to the Self-Evaluation process Since its establishment KAA has been committed to act in full compliance with the European Standards and Guidelines for quality assurance in higher education (ESG). The main objective of this Self-evaluation process is to assess KAA s compliance with the ESGs with the aim to achieve full membership in ENQA and EQAR. However, at the same time KAA wants to use the opportunity to critically analyze whether it operates effectively with regard to its main stakeholders in Kosovo and partners in Europe, and to learn what it can do to further improve its work. KAA decided therefore to undergo a type A evaluation to be coordinated by ENQA. A specific working group to draft the Self-Evaluation Report was set up in February 2013 by the Agency s Board the National Quality Council (NQC). It included representatives from the Secretariat and the Board, including both Kosovo and international members. This working group was tasked with the preparation of a draft Self-Evaluation Report (SER). This group organized regular meetings to discuss and share information during the drafting period of the SER. The involvement of stakeholders in the Self-Evaluation process is very important for KAA. The Ministry of Education and other stakeholders were informed about KAA s application for ENQA and EQAR membership and were invited to contribute to the self-evaluation. A main initiative in this direction was KAA s decision to conduct a survey for which more than 500 questionnaires (Annex 24) were distributed electronically to all categories of stakeholders. The results of this survey are presented in Chapter 5. The revised draft of the Self-Evaluation Report was sent to the National Quality Council (i.e. to the full Board of KAA) where it was further discussed. Comments were integrated in the text and the SER was formally adopted by the full Board at its meeting of 24 October

8 2. HIGHER EDUCATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE IN KOSOVO 2.1. Background to current situation of higher education in Kosovo Kosovo has the youngest population in Europe, therefore there is a real challenge and opportunity for institutions of higher education to provide quality education and prepare the young generation for the job market. As elsewhere, quality in higher education in closely linked to quality in all other education. The education system in Kosovo extends from pre university education through higher education. All of its components are under the oversight of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Kosovo. Pre-University Education in the Republic of Kosovo includes children aged 6-18 attending one of the three education levels: primary school (grades 1-5), lower secondary school (grades 6-9) and upper secondary school (grades 10-12/13). The first two levels are compulsory for all children. After completion of upper secondary school all students have to undergo the Matura exam, the organization of which is regulated by the Law on Final Examinations and State Matura Examination (No. 2008/ 03/L-018). Students who successfully pass the Matura exam have the right to enter higher education. The organization of higher education is based on the Law on Higher Education in the Republic of Kosovo (No. 04/L-037), (Annex 2) adopted in August The role and responsibilities of the Kosovo Accreditation Agency are regulated by the Articles 7 and 15 of the same law. Although Kosovo has not officially joined the Bologna Process, since the introduction of Bologna Reforms by the University of Prishtina in 2001/2002 all national legislation has served to better implement and make operational the Bologna reform objectives and principles in Kosovo. As a result of the implementation of these reforms in higher education in Kosovo today all institutions of higher education implement the ECTS credit system, curriculum reform, three-cycle degree system, student and staff mobility, diploma supplement and quality assurance system. The sole exception is an Americanstyled institution founded after the recent war. 8

9 In the effort to follow the trends in EHEA, policy makers in Kosovo have been most challenged in respecting the autonomy of HEIs and increasing the responsibility of HEIs for their quality. This is hardly unusual in nations shifting from heavy ministerial control to more independent quality assurance, and it is to be expected in a nation transitioning from a highly centralized system of control to something significantly more decentralized. Most of the fundamental reforms in higher education were done through and supported by the KAIP project, the Kosovo Austria Institutional Partnership Project on Higher Education and Research. The development and reform of higher education at National level is supported by a few strategic documents, implemented by MEST. The Strategy for Development of Higher Education in Kosova (Annex 22) and the Kosovo Education Strategic Plan (Annex 25) are the two main strategic national documents that support the development of higher education in the Republic of Kosovo. One of the main goals of these two documents regarding Kosovo higher education is to formally become part of the Bologna Process, the European Higher Education Area and the European Research Area. The research activities in HE are regulated by the National Research Programme and the Law on Scientific Research Activity in Republic of Kosovo (No. 2004/42), two additional documents that support the scientific and research activity at national level, from which higher education institutions benefit regularly to support their research programmes, their publications and the mobility of academic staff and students. The National Qualifications Law (No. 03/L-060), and the National Qualifications Framework, which were developed to fully integrate the European Qualifications Framework, are two other legal and strategic documents that regulate the qualifications of higher education in the Republic of Kosovo. Last but not least, NARIC Kosovo is the National Academic Recognition Information Centre for academic recognition of diplomas and study period, undertaken in other States Structure of Kosovo higher education The higher education system in Kosovo operates through public universities and private higher education institutions (colleges, institutes, higher professional schools). Only accredited institutions of higher education can offer study programmes that lead to a degree or diploma. 9

10 The interest of the young population in Kosovo for enrolment in higher education has risen over the last 10 years. So have the numbers of opportunities available to these students. Starting in the year 2003, the number and the types of higher education institutions in Kosovo changed very quickly. Within a short time a considerable number and range of private institutions were opened, almost all with no internal system of quality assurance. In 2008, before the Kosovo Accreditation Agency become functional, MEST appointed the British Accreditation Council (BAC) to conduct an ad hoc external audit at all 30 private providers of higher education in Kosovo that were operating at that time. The report on this global audit was published in July 2008 (Annex 21). From the thirty private providers of higher education presented in Kosovo, 29 failed to pass the evaluation, particularly as related to their claim to be a university. As a result of the findings during this audit, BAC recommended that many of these providers should be transformed into vocational colleges. As such, most of these institutions reapplied in 2009 to undergo external evaluation at institutional and programme level by Kosovo Accreditation Agency. A total number of 16 HEI s were evaluated by KAA in that process. As a result, at the institutional level most of the private providers are accredited as colleges. Regarding the establishment of new HEIs in the Republic of Kosovo, public providers of higher education may only be created by decision of the Ministry that must be ratified by the Assembly. They have to undergo accreditation by KAA within twelve month after establishment. A new private provider of higher education aspiring to offer higher education qualifications must undergo a preliminary (ex ante) KAA process at the institutional and programme level before it is licensed by MEST. The Statutes of all institutions titled University must be ratified by the Assembly, while the statutes of other types of HEI have to be approved solely by the Minister of Education. Until 2009 the only university in Kosovo was the public University of Prishtina. During the last four years, in order to increase the inclusion of the young population in higher education, the Government of Kosovo decided to expand the number of public universities. Today the accredited HE sector in Kosovo has 3 public universities, 25 private institutions of HE (22 denominated as colleges, 2 higher professional schools and one Academy of arts). Beside this, there is a public university in north Mitrovica and three higher professional schools where the language of instruction is Serbian. These four institutions continue to operate under Serbia's legal framework and so far were not subject of evaluation by KAA. 10

11 Recently the Government of Kosovo announced the establishment of three other public universities in three cities in Kosovo: Gjilan, Gjakovë and Mitrovica. In Kosovo the Law on Higher Education classifies the higher education institutions in the following categories: A University offers education and scientific research/artistic programmes. It can offer professional programmes too. Universities give diplomas and degrees at all levels including the doctoral level. There are 3 accredited and one not (yet?) accredited public university in Kosovo with a total number of students, of which study at the University of Prishtina. University Colleges offer programmes with professional orientation that gives diplomas and degrees including the doctoral level. They can offer academic oriented programmes too. At the moment there is no university college accredited in Kosovo. Colleges offer professional or academic programmes at Bachelor and Master level. Currently there are 22 accredited private colleges in Kosovo with students. Two of them offer study programmes in English language. Only two out of 22 colleges are for non profit, the others are for profit. Higher professional schools offer professional courses in one or more professional fields. There are 2 private accredited schools and three other non accredited in Kosovo, with a total number of 3364 students. Academies provide higher education and creative activity in specific areas of arts, sports or other professional areas. So far only one Academy is accredited. It has 326 students. The Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Kosovo is responsible for planning the development of higher education in Kosovo, regulating public and private providers of higher education and approving their Statutes, allocating funds to higher education providing for purposes of teaching and research in the public interest, on the basis of accreditation decision licensing private providers of higher education and providing assistance with legislation. The Minister of Education appoints the Members 11

12 of the National Quality Council (KAA s Board). However, the Ministry has not the right to change accreditation decisions or to interfere in them in any way. The Kosovo Assembly ratifies the Law on Higher Education and Statutes of public universities. The appointed members of the National Quality Council (NQC) by the Minister also have to be ratified in the Kosovo Assembly. The relevant bodies in HE system in Kosovo 12

13 Table 1: Number of students in both public and private institutions of higher education in Kosovo Number of students in universities, colleges, professional schools and academies Public Sector Private Sector Universities Faculties Professional Schools* Colleges Professional schools Academies *institutions of higher education which were not subject of evaluation by KAA Chart 1: Number of universities, colleges, faculties, professional schools and academies in the Republic of Kosovo

14 University of Prishtina University of Prizren Faculty of Islamic Studies Private Bearers of Higher Education University of Peja University of Mitrovica Public professional schools Chart 2: Number of students at both sectors in the Republic of Kosovo in Degree structures Following the Bologna reform, the majority of study programmes at public and private higher education institutions in Kosovo implement the three cycle studies (3+2+3), with exception of some disciplines, which follow scheme. Higher education is organized as following: first level three (3) to four (4) years of studies by which the student reaches 180, respectively 240 ECTS, and obtains Bachelor Diploma. second level one (1) to two (2) years of studies after completion of the first level by which the students reaches 60, respectively 120 ECTS and the student obtains Master Diploma. third level programme of doctorate studies with academic and independent research scientific character. 14

15 Integrated studies 300 ECTS Medicine,Dentistry,Vet.medicine Architecture, Pharmacy, etc. The scheme of higher education in the Republic of Kosovo 3rd level of Higher education Doctorate Studies PhD/Dr 180 ECTS Minimum 3 years 2nd level of Higher education MSc, MA Academic or professional 1-2 years, ECTS 1st level of Higher education 2 years professional studies 120ECTS Bachelor BSc, BA Academic or professional 3-4 years ECTS Secondary education - Matura exam Undergraduate level: Bachelor programmes are offered in all types of HEI and takes 3-4 years ( ECTS credits). A bachelor thesis is required at most of the Bachelor programmes. Depending on the discipline, accredited bachelor programmes can lead to a Bachelor of Sciences (BSc.), Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Law (LL.B.), Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) or Bachelor of Fine Arts (B.F.A.) Graduate level: Master programmes last 1-2 years ( ECTS credits) depending on the length of Bachelor studies. Master programmes can be provided at Universities, University Colleges and Colleges. A Master thesis work is required at all master programs. Accredited Master programs, depending on the study discipline, can lead to 15

16 Master of Science (M.Sc.), Master of Arts (M.A.), Master of Laws (L.L.M), Master of Engineering (M. Eng.) or Master of Fine Arts (M.F.A.). Postgraduate or doctoral level: are programmes with academic and independent research scientific character. They can be offered at Universities and University colleges. So far they are accredited only at one public university. The length of this cycle is at least 3 years or 180 ECTS. All students that have collected at least 300 ECTS in previous studies can register to doctoral studies. Exceptions to this study scheme are studies in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and veterinary medicine which are organized in integrated form ( ECTS). After completion of the studies students qualify to register doctoral studies. There are also a few examples that some colleges offer a two year professional study programmes (120 ECTS), which lead to a diploma and qualifications equivalent to level 5 of National Qualification Framework as well as the European Qualifications Framework. All HEIs in Kosovo implement the ECTS system which is regulated by an Administrative Instruction issued by MEST. The annual full-time student workload is estimated at 1500 hours, making one ECTS credit point equal to 25 hours of planned instruction. The methodology, criteria and procedures for student s assessment are regulated by the Statutes of HEI and are published. Since introduction of Bologna Declaration by HEI in Kosovo, the student assessment is organized not only at the end of semester but several times during the semester. The midterm assessment usually is in a test form or seminars, whereas final exam can be in oral or written form. The grading scheme is from 5 to 10, based on the score student get out of 100%. The mode of organization of studies is regulated by the Statutes of the providers of HE qualification. It can be organized full-time, part-time, by distance learning and the combination of any of these ways of study. 16

17 Chart 3: Number and type of study programmes offered in accredited HEI s in Kosovo in Development of Quality Assurance in Kosovo higher education The beginnings of quality assurance in Higher Education in Kosovo are found in the Law on Higher Education (No. 2002/3), (Annex 1). According to Section 4.3 of this law the Ministry shall by administrative instruction provide for the establishment of the Kosovo Accreditation Agency (KAA) charged with promoting the quality of higher education in Kosovo. The Administrative Instruction on Establishment of Kosovo Accreditation Agency (No. 11/ 2004), (Annex 3), was developed by MEST and entered into force in February On 27 March 2008 the Kosovo Accreditation Agency was established. It started with first accreditation activities in October of the same year. With respect to internal quality assurance within HEIs, the first QA unit in a HEI was established in In 2009 the MEST issued an Administrative Instruction which regulates the establishment of quality assurance units at all HEI s in the Republic of Kosovo. The quality assurance unit at HEI is under supervision of the Vice rector for teaching or Vice rector for QA. It usually has a QA coordinator who is responsible to coordinate conducting on regular basis student evaluation of the courses, surveys, SWOT analyses and preparing self-assessment. QA coordinators are contact persons with KAA during the accreditation period. They participate in meetings with KAA, 17

18 training seminars and other activities relevant for QA. In order to support the establishment and development of QA units within HEIs, KAA participated in a number of Tempus projects focused on this theme. With respect to external quality assurance, the Administrative Instruction on Establishing the Kosovo Accreditation Agency (No. 11/2004), (Annex 3) specifies the establishment, role and responsibilities of the Kosovo Accreditation Agency (KAA). Pursuant to the Law on Higher Education in the Republic of Kosovo (No. 04/ L-037) (Annex 2) and the Administrative Instruction on Establishing the Kosovo Accreditation Agency (No. 11/ 2004), (Annex 3), the KAA shall be governed by a Board called the National Quality Council (Regulation of National Quality Council) (Annex 7), a collegial body that has overall responsibility for its operations. The first members of the National Quality Council were appointed by the Minister of Education during 2006 and Since its establishment, NQC has always included three international experts. In 2007 NQC started to develop the documents, standards and procedures for accreditation as well as to provide training seminars for existing institutions of higher education in order to inform them about the standards of quality assurance in Higher education and to prepare for the self assessment. Despite all these efforts of National Quality Council to start accreditation process, the establishment of KAA was delayed until 2008 when the Minister of Education gave it power to carry out its work. Therefore, the period from 2003 to 2008 was characterized by the establishment of a big number of private institutions which by the spring 2008 included over 30 so called universities without any quality control system in place. This chaotic situation in higher education during this 5 years period caused a decrease of public trust in higher education to the lowest possible level. Because of this situation and the delay to make viable the national agency for accreditation, in spring 2008 the new Kosovo Government decided to appoint the British Accreditation Council (BAC) to conduct an ad hoc external audit at all private providers of higher education licensed by MEST during The BAC s Kosovo Accreditation Project Report 2008 (Annex 21) has shown that none, apart from one, of 31 evaluated institutions met the legal requirements to be a university, specified in the Law on Higher Education (No. 2002/3) (Annex 1). Based on this evaluation, in 2008 only one private institution of higher education was licensed to register new students. 18

19 In autumn 2008 with the appointment of the first acting director and two administrative staff, KAA became fully operational and implemented the process the agency earlier outlined. The KAA staff took the duty to continue with development of the procedures and to start with the first site visits at institutions of higher education. The Administrative Instruction on the Accreditation of Higher Education Institutions in the Republic of Kosovo (No. 2/2013), (Annex 4) developed by MEST on recommendation of KAA, served HEIs as a guideline to prepare the application (Self-Evaluation Report) for the first accreditation process. During 2009/2010 KAA evaluated all private institutions of higher education and their study programmes as well as some of the faculties of the University of Prishtina. The data of this process are presented in Chart 4, 6 and 7. Due to the many shortcomings that expert panels found at Kosovo institutions, particularly private ones, the first accreditation was usually given for only one year. After this first accreditation round, KAA has conducted two more accreditation such rounds. In the last process a total of 29 institutions of higher education with 258 study programmes were evaluated and 206 were accredited/ reaccredited. (Please see Chart 6 and 7). Although the independence of the Agency was already provided in the Law on Higher Education (No. 2002/3) approved in 2003, (Annex 1) the first NQC s accreditation decisions were endorsed by the Government of Kosovo or by the Minister of Education in The new Law on Higher Education in the Republic of Kosovo (No. 04/ L-037)/ approved in 2011 (Annex 2) discontinued that practice. Since then the NQC decisions are final and respected by both institutions of higher education and Government institutions. Table 2: Number of evaluated HEI s per year Number of evaluated HEIs per year Year Public Sector Private Sector Total

20 Public HEIs Private HEIs Chart 4: Number of evaluated HEI s per year 2.5. Current status and the role of the Kosovo Accreditation Agency (KAA) KAA is a public agency established in 2008 by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) in accordance with the Law on Higher Education (No. 2002/3) (Annex 1). It is the only agency in the country responsible for the accreditation of institutions of higher education and their study programmes. KAA is independent in performing its work in accordance with the Law on Higher Education (No. 04/ L-037) (Annex 2), the Administrative Instruction on Establishing the Kosovo Accreditation Agency (No. 11/2004) (Annex 3) and the Administrative Instruction on Accreditation of Higher Education Institutions (No. 02/2013) (Annex 4). Apart from these legal acts, KAA has developed a number of internal documents which serve for the regulation of its own work as well as for the description of the accreditation procedures: the Statute of KAA (Annex 6), the Regulation of NQC (Annex 7), the KAA Principles for Programmes Offered at new/additional Locations (Annex 9), KAA Regulation on Criteria and Procedures for the Accreditation of Doctoral Studies (Annex 10), etc. KAA s primary activities concern: The accreditation of public and private institutions of higher education; The accreditation of new institutions of higher education and their programmes,(preliminary accreditation); The accreditation of new programmes at those institutions of higher education that are already accredited; Continuous control of quality at accredited institutions and their programmes; 20

21 The Kosovo Accreditation Agency mandate is: To carry out the accreditation and reaccreditation of public and private institutions of higher education and their academic and research programmes; To follow-up quality at the accredited institutions. The legal duties of Kosovo Accreditation Agency also include: Interpreting the quality requirements prescribed by law by setting guidelines and quality standards for accreditation; Developing instruments for reviewing on a regular basis whether these requirements are met by accredited institutions; Participating actively in international cooperation projects in the field of accreditation and quality assurance; Submitting an annual report on its activities to the Minister and to the Assembly. Aims: To open the sector of higher education to new providers from Kosovo and abroad; To provide quality assurance for all institutions of higher education; To promote, improve and develop the quality of the higher education sector; To create transparency and comparability in the interest of providers, students and the labour market; To encourage innovative forms and content in higher education; To ensure the comparability of degrees from Kosovo higher education institutions with those awarded by international programmes; To implement the objectives for the integration of Kosovo into the European Higher Education Area and to contribute to its development. Based on its mission and responsibilities given in the Law on Higher Education in the Republic of Kosovo (No. 04/ L-037) (Annex 2) the principles underpinning the work of the KAA are: Its decisions shall be made in accordance with international quality standards; Its decisions shall be made with the collaboration of international experts; Its decisions shall be made independently and justified in a consistent and verifiable manner; It shall orientate itself towards educational policy developments in Kosovo and Europe; 21

22 It shall cooperate with international partners with the aim to become a member of international networks and panels in the field of quality assurance; It shall maintain communication with higher education institutions and their academic staff and students; It shall observe its accountability to the public and political decision makers by means of an effective information policy; It shall set up procedural rules, standards and evaluation criteria and make them available to the public; Its work shall rely on internationally developed good practices; It shall provide for an external evaluation of its activities on a regular basis Funding of Kosovo Accreditation Agency (KAA) KAA is funded mainly from two sources: - funds from the MEST in the form of a global allocation; KAA acknowledges that a significant proportion of resources set aside by MEST for the promotion of quality in higher education are made available thanks to the support of international donor countries; and - income generated from its activities in the form of accreditation fees and taxes paid by the higher education institutions using the Agency s services, as specified in article 23 of the Administrative Instruction for Accreditation of Higher Education Institutions in the Republic of Kosovo (No. 02/ 2013) (Annex 4). It should be noted that a proportion of the income generated by the Agency goes to the State budget rather than to the budget of the Agency. KAA has been maintaining a discussion with the Ministry in order to review the sharing of these resources and thus make it easier to the Agency to plan and use its budgetary resources. The annual budget is proposed by KAA based on the planned activities. The KAA budget is a separate budget line managed by MEST, which also provides administrative services for the financial management of KAA. The budget for the year 2013 is presented in Annex KAA organization and bodies Based on the Law on Higher Education in the Republic of Kosovo (No. 04/ L-037) (Annex 2) and the Administrative Instruction on Establishment of Kosovo Accreditation Agency (No. 11/2004) (Annex 3) KAA is composed by a Board designated as the National Quality 22

23 Council (NQC) of the KAA and by a permanent Administrative structure or KAA office. The National Quality Council (NQC) is the governing body of KAA. It has 9 members appointed by the Ministry for a fixed term from among persons of both genders active in academic work in higher education and/or the professions within and outside of Kosovo. According to article 7.4 of the Law on Higher Education in the Republic of Kosovo (No. 04/ L-037) (Annex 2) at least three members of the NQC should be international experts not employed by any higher education provider in Kosovo. The membership in NQC shall be ratified in the Assembly. All members of the Council should be expert in the field on Higher Education, having competence in evaluations and judgments, and having good communication skills. The President of the NQC is selected from its membership with open votes, for five years mandate with the opportunity to be re-elected for one more mandate. As a rule, the President should have a high academic title. The composition of the Board (the National Quality Council) has been remarkably stable since its creation, both with respect to national and international members, which has allowed it to develop its teamwork and expertise. Its current composition is as follows: Kosovo members: - Professor Ferdije Zhushi Etemi, Chair of NQC, a national expert in quality assurance and Bologna reforms in Higher education in Kosovo. One of the designers of accreditation process in the country; she is associated professor at the Department of Biology at University of Prishtina. - Professor Sabri Hamiti, one of the members with the longest experience in the NQC, member of the Academy of Science and Arts of Kosovo, writer of many books and literature parts which are used in schools, professor of Albanian language in the University of Prishtina - Professor Sadik Idriz, Bosnian nationality. Long experience in Development of Higher education policies in the country. Writer of many books of poems and short stories, professor of linguistics at the University of Prizren. Former Minister of Health in the Government of Kosovo. 23

24 - Professor Bajram Kosumi, state legislator, educator, writer and journalist. Assistant professor at Journalism Department of University of Prishtina. Former Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo. - Ylber Hysa, experienced independent scientific scholar in the Albanian Institute. Currently the Ambassador of the Republic of Kosovo in the Republic of Macedonia. - Doctor Isa Haxhiu, active member of Kosovo health associations and publisher of more than 20 scientific journals in Kosovo and abroad. International members: - Prof. Steve BRISTOW (UK), leading expert in quality assurance and accreditation in the UK and internationally; he specialises in strategic review, analysis and evaluation and was instrumental in drafting some of the fundamental texts on Higher Education and quality assurance in the Republic of Kosovo - Dr. Steve Crow (USA), former Chair of the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (USA); over the last decade he actively participated in global higher education quality assurance in various capacities and in different countries - Dr. Guy HAUG (Austria), one of the architects of the European Higher Education Area, with extensive experience in the evaluation of programmes, policies, higher education institutions and quality assurance agencies, mainly in Europe and Latin America. The KAA Board (NQC) has four regular meetings in a year. It takes the accreditation decision by a majority vote of its members. The Council reports annually to the Ministry and Assembly on its accreditation activities and on the adequacy of the infrastructural support available to it. The local members of NQC after being appointed by the Minister of Education a number of trainings on quality assurance at agencies for accreditation of HE in different European countries, such as Austria, Albania and UK and also in USA. Members of NQC were actively engaged in organizing seminars and trainings for HEI on the topic of Quality Assurance in higher education and the preparation of the application for accreditation. One member of NQC participates in the site visits together with the international expert team and the KAA officer, the Expert for Evaluation and Accreditation who coordinates the work of the panel. Beside the other duties they have, 24

25 NQC members participate in different international events related to QA in HE organized either by ENQA, CEENQA, EUA or other bodies. KAA s administrative office is responsible to fulfil all administrative tasks. Its main task is to organize, coordinate and supervise the accreditation process. The KAA office consists of the Executive Director of KAA and five administrative staff, who are all appointed and paid by MEST. Additionally to this, three other administrative staff members are formally planned to be employed in the next three months. The KAA Director and other staff are appointed through an open contest according to the terms and conditions of the relevant policy on recruiting staff for the civil services. The KAA Director is an ex-officio member of the National Quality Council, without right to vote. In order to manage effectively its work, KAA has developed an Internal Work Regulation of Kosova Accreditation Agency (Annex 8). Figure 1: KAA organizational scheme 25

26 According to the KAA Statute (Annex 6) the responsibilities of the KAA Director are: - Administers the process of preparing lawful and professional documentation for the agency (legal packages, standards of evaluation and accreditation, manual on procedures of evaluation and accreditation). - Coordinates the actions of KAA with MEST and NQC related to the process of evaluation, accreditation and licensing. - Plans the procedures of internal evaluation according to the published standards. - Plans the procedures of external evaluation and accreditation according to the published standards. - Organises Evaluation teams for external evaluation and recommends to NQC for approval. - Coordinates the work of evaluation teams. - Coordinates the preparation of summary reports from the recommendations of evaluation reports and delivers them to NQC for approval. - Implements all NQC decisions. Other staff working for KAA includes administrative positions which perform all administrative and legal related works in the office: - one Expert for Accreditation and Evaluation who is responsible for organizing and managing actions and processes for evaluation and accreditation of HEIs; - one Senior Legal Officer who is responsible for the overall applicability of legality within KAA, including drafting and monitoring the implementation of KAA regulations; - two Officers for Monitoring and Statistics who are in charge to mainly plan, develop, coordinate and implement inspection visits to accredited HEIs, and to maintain accurate statistical data for accredited HEIs related issues (still vacant); - one Manager for Development Projects and Quality who is mainly responsible for developing and monitoring KAA projects related to quality, accreditation, international cooperation and publications (still vacant); - one Officer for Administration and Personnel who is in charge to manage all issues related to administration, personnel, including data, records, dossiers of staff working for the KAA; 26

27 - one Officer for Budget and Finances who is in charge for managing all procedures related to finances, supplies, accounting in the KAA, including management of KAA assets; - one Officer for Publication, Web and IT who is responsible for the functioning, administration and maintenance of the ICT system in KAA KAA s international activities Since its establishment KAA has had support from a very good relationship to accreditation bodies in different countries in Europe. Thanks to this cooperation KAA came closer to existing QA networks in Europe: in 2009 KAA become member of CEEN (Network of Central and Eastern European Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education) now CEENQA; in 2011 KAA become affiliate to ENQA, aspiring full membership in coming years, in 2013 KAA become member of INQAAHE (International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education); In order to see the experiences of other QA agencies and to base its development in the best practices, KAA visited other agencies in European countries (Austria, Ireland, UK, Albania, Bulgaria) and in the USA (CHEA, APA). In order to support HEI to establish and strengthen the QA systems, KAA participated as a partner in Tempus, WUS Austria, European Council, WUS Kosovo, projects; With the aim to follow the trends in QA in HE in Europe and widen its cooperation with other QA agencies, KAA every year regularly participates in European Quality Assurance Forum, in ENQA and EUA conferences and seminars and other activities; Two members of KAA are members of ENQA working groups; In 2014 KAA is going to be the host of the CEENQA annual meeting; KAA considers the engagement of international experts in accreditation process in Kosovo as one of the strongest element of internationalization of its work. 27

28 3. KAA s ACCREDITATION ACTIVITIES Since its establishment in 2008 KAA s main activity has consisted in conducting institutional and programme accreditation procedures in higher education, in accordance with the applicable Law on Higher Education (Annex 1 and 2) and Administrative Instructions (Annex 3, 4 and 5) and in full compliance with the quality standards set out in part II of the ESGs. Accreditation is all the more important in Kosovo that it is a compulsory requisite before a private provider of higher education can be licensed and start its activities (Administrative Instruction on Licensing of Private Bearers of Higher Education in Kosova / No. 25/2012 (Annex 5). Hence, being accredited by KAA confirms that an institution fulfils the minimum quality standards to operate as an institution of higher education and can thus be licensed. KAA carries out both initial accreditations and reaccreditations. It conducts external quality assurance processes at the level of: study programmes institutions institutions and their study programmes. A summary of KAA s accreditation activities performed since 2009 at institutions of HE in Kosovo is presented in Chart 6, 7 and Accreditation procedures and decisions All accreditation procedures applied by KAA have four steps: - Step 1: Submission to the Agency of the application (Self-Evaluation Report of the institution of HE) - Step 2: External evaluation by a group of experts, including a site-visit to the institution - Step 3: Receiving accreditation from the National Quality Council and publication of the evaluation report - Step 4: Follow up procedure and improvement plan 28

29 3.2. Flow chart of accreditation procedures 29

30 Accreditation procedures start with the submission of the application, Self-Evaluation Report (SER) and First Page (FP) in English and Albanian language by the applicant higher education institution. HEIs draft the SER based on the applicable document published by KAA (KAA Guidelines on drafting the Self-Evaluation Report (SER) for evaluation of higher education institutions and their study programs (G1) (Annex 13) and Guideline on drafting the Self-Evaluation Report (SER) for program evaluation (G2) (Annex 14). After this application is checked for completeness by KAA staff and approved for evaluation by NQC, the members of the Review Panel are being selected by KAA s Director, mostly from lists of qualified evaluators proposed by KAA s Board and staff. Due to the country s size and in order to completely avoid any conflict of interest, as it is regulated by the Law on Higher Education in the Republic of Kosovo (No. 04/ L-037) (Annex 2), all panel members, including the student member, are drawn from abroad, which means that KAA evaluation always provide the views of an international team of evaluators. A site visit to the applicant institution is a standard part of the procedure. The Review Team panel compiles an Evaluation Report based on the SER submitted by the HEI as well as on findings collected during the site visit and on further documents and evidence requested from the applicant. The first draft of the panel s Evaluation Report is sent to the institution to give its comments. The panel s final Evaluation Report contains recommendations for improvement addressed to the HEI and a recommendation for a decision addressed to the NQC. The final decision about the acceptance or rejection of the accreditation is the responsibility of KAA s Board - the NQC. The decision is taken on the basis of a summary document a Report at a Glance (RaG) compiled by the Secretariat on the basis of all information available, i.e. the Panel s report and recommendations and the HEI s observations. The RaG contains the Panel s statements on each KAA quality standard and recommendations for the further improvement of the HEI and study programs under evaluation. It serves only for the NQC members to make easier their decision on accreditation and it is never published. 30

31 Institutional and programme accreditation procedures may lead to the following decisions taken by the National Quality Council: positive decision (for accreditation) that recommends to the MEST to issue the license allowing the HEI to perform the activity; negative decision (denial of accreditation): no license will be issued by the Ministry and the HEI cannot perform the activity; conditional accreditation, if the team of experts recommends accreditation under certain conditions; in this case the NQC defines the conditions that need to be fulfilled and the deadline by which the HEI must demonstrate fulfilment; in case of a failure to fulfil the conditions, the programme or institution will not be accredited and will not get the license to operate. After the completion of the procedure the applicant institution receives from KAA the final Evaluation Report and a Notification of the accreditation decision. When the accreditation is granted, KAA issues to the HEI an Accreditation Certificate which contains information about the accredited study programmes and degrees. KAA also publishes the Evaluation Reports ( Expert Reports ) on the Agency s webpage. The accreditation decision is also being sent to the MEST for the purpose of issuing or extending the corresponding license(s), or denying the license if the accreditation answer is negative. After the accreditation procedure is accomplished, the NQC President writes an annual report for the MEST and the National Assembly. 3.3 KAA-defined standards and procedures Before it has organized the first external quality assurance procedure, KAA in compliance with ESG, developed all accreditation standards (Annex 11) and procedures and made them public through it website. In cooperation with MEST the accreditation standards, criteria and procedure were made official in an Administrative Instruction on Accreditation of Higher Education Institutions in the Republic of Kosovo, (No. 02/2013) (Annex 4), which served as a guideline for institutions. Additionally to this KAA developed KAA Guideline on drafting the Self-Evaluation Report (SER) for evaluation of higher education institutions and their study programs (G1) (Annex 13) and Guideline on drafting the Self-Evaluation Report (SER) for program evaluation (G2) (Annex 14), the lists of 31

32 requirements which applicant institutions have to demonstrate that they meet in written form. A set of documents for the use of members of evaluation panels such as KAA Guideline for experts (Institution) (Annex 16), KAA Guideline for experts (Program) (Annex 17) and KAA Code of Good Practice for Site Visits (Annex 18) was produced and sent to the selected experts. The review panel was nominated by NQC, based on the published document Selection Procedure and Criteria for Selecting Experts for the Review Teams (Annex 15), among international experts in QA based on the recommendation from partner agencies in Europe. The number of reviewers was decided based on the size of the institution and number of the study programmes. Before visiting the institution under assessment, evaluation team members signed a document the Declaration of Confidentiality (Annex 19) to declare in writing that they will carry out their tasks to the best of their ability and knowledge according to the standards of their discipline and that there are no grounds on which their impartiality could be challenged. All private barriers of HE which licenses were revoked a year before by MEST after BAC evaluation, reapplied for accreditation at both institutional and programme level. KAA received also a number of applications for new institutions. The only historical public university, the University of Prishtina, which was only formally accredited by UNMIK without any assessment, later was also the subject of external evaluation by KAA Different types of accreditation procedures External quality assurance for study programmes Since the Bologna Declaration was accepted in 2001 by the only public university that existed in the country at that time, all programmes that were subject to external evaluation once the new Agency was created were required to meet the principles of the Bologna Process (allocation of ECTS credits, two cycles of study, Learning Outcomes, etc.), both at public and private HEIs. In its first year of operation (2009), KAA evaluated all existing study programmes offered by Kosovo HEIs at that time, as well as some applications for new study programmes applying for accreditation from KAA. In total 173 study programs were evaluated in The Self-Evaluation reports of HEIs were prepared according to the Administrative Instruction on the Accreditation of Higher Education Institutions in the Republic of Kosovo 32

33 (No. 02/2013) (Annex 4) as well as Guideline on drafting the Self-Evaluation Report (SER) for program evaluation (G2) (Annex 14) which describe in detail the criteria for accreditation of a study programme, published in website of the agency. The evaluation of study programmes includes a site visit which is scheduled by the KAA Director. Only few study programmes were exceptions to this procedure. The panels of experts were selected based on the expertise and experience in higher education and quality assurance, among the list of proposed international experts by partner agencies in Europe. The selection of review members was done by the director of the agency and approved by NQC. The date of the site visit was decided in cooperation with the institution under evaluation. The Expert report was written following KAA Guidelines for experts (Program) (Annex 17), a KAA document which was sent to reviewers before the site visit. Draft report of the panel of experts was sent to the institution for comments. A final Experts Report with experts statements about the fulfilment of quality standards for study programmes was sent to NQC to decide about accreditation. In the first two years of KAA s work the accreditation decisions of NQC were approved by Government, and in the following year by the Minister of Education. Since two years, after the approval of the new Law on Higher Education in the Republic of Kosovo (No. 04/ L-037) (Annex 2), the NQC as a decision making body of KAA has strengthened its authority and the decisions of NQC are final and need not to be further approved by any other body. Based on KAA s decisions MEST issues the licenses for study programme. KAA has conducted external evaluation of study programmes in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 as a result of which a total number of 441study programmes in both public and private institution were accredited. All evaluation reports for quality of the reviewed study programmes were structured according to the KAA document KAA Guidelines for Experts (Program) (Annex 17). The reports and the NQC accreditation decisions are published on the website of the agency. 33

34 Total Number of programmes Programmes of Bachelor Level Programmes of Master Level Programmes of PhD Level Programmes of Level V Integrated programmes Table 3: Number of study programmes offered in public HEI in Kosovo in 2013 *programs which were not subject of evaluation by KAA Institution University of Prishtina University of Peja University of Prizren University of Mitrovica * * * * * * Faculty of Islamic Studies 1 1 Higher Technical Professional School, Zvecan Higher Economic Professional School, Leposavic Higher Technical Professional School, Urosevac Zvecan * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Bearers of Higher Education Total Agricultural sciences 02. Archi. Urb. Region Art and Design 04. Business Studies a Education, Teach. T Engineering, Techn Geography & Geology 08. Humanities 09. Linguistics and Phil Law 11. Mathematics and I... Public HEIs Mdecial Sciences 13. Natural Sciencws 14. Social Sicences Communication an Other areas of study Chart 5: Public and Private HEI s programmes according to the Erasmus Subject Area Codes (ESAC) Private HEIs 34

35 Total applications Positive Decisions Negative Decisions Chart 6: Number of evaluated programmes and number of positive and negative decisions at the Private Sector Total applications Positive Deicisons Negative Decisions Chart 7: Number of evaluated programmes and the number of positive and negative decisions at the Public Sector 35

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