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- Angel George
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
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16 ($%+&#$%( %' yi!1$'& ni%+1 '%#!F#1& 3 1 #' EE 8"%' &# =%#$'%#3 $1 #'! %$& E*%! ' # #' * ##%#!# θ i3! 1$'& *'!F#1&"#&% $5& ξ #'! 1$'& '* &65&!%#'==$'&!!1*#'%&!F#1&3 ξ = ( (, ) ' ''5&%&!F#1&'!%%## > "*%! y i = f θ, ξ ) + ε ( σ + σ f ( θ, ξ )) ( i i i int er slope i i %Y ε i '! 1$'& & &!! $%%# #' E! ' %+1 '%# #%# 6!5&!*%! " # &% 5& $ & &!! %#' ## #' F&# %+1 '%#E!F &''5&F!!%#''+&!%#&#!%#%*! ε N(0, ) ~ i i I n 1$ I n &# i * '$#''*#%#K I" σ#'' σ %#'&6 *'$ $' #'! 1 #$ &*%!F&"*%!F&''%*%$ '5& σ = )"#*%!F& 'E$%==$#'1 '%#$%#' #' σ #' = )"$ #!%Y!&6 *'%#' ==#')'!$%*+#" #$*%!#%#!# E=='*6'3!*%!'&%$%**&#E'%&! #1&3*!1$'& *' θ i%&!f#1&3&'1 F&##1&E!F &' #! %&! '%#" # ' $ 1 '%# &' O' 6!5& $ $''5& #1&!!3'!!5&!FX3!63!%3!$%1 +!"%'D 3!1$'&$ $%1 +! $?!F#1& " *' &1#' & == 1 '%# #6!5&M $ 1 '%# %#' 5& #'=!F#'%&$'%# *'! '% b i" 1$'& *' θi!f#1&&'!%f6*x$e&#*%!'z$%# #1 &[3! #' &#=%#$'%#$%##&!1$'&=='=6 β $%**&#E'%&! #1&3!1$'&=='! '% bi %E!F#1&'!1$'&$%1 +! Zi > θ = Kβ33I I" # &% 5&! 1$'& =='! '% b i ~ N(0, Ω) 35& ε b i i %#' ## #' F&# &B' E!F &' ' 5& %& &# *O* #1& 3 εi ' bi %#' ## #'" Ω$%%#E! * '$1 #$=='! '%%&! 5&!!$ 5&!*#'$%%# &$%*% #'&1$'& #=#3%&'#$%*' #!*%!! 1 +!'#'/%$$ %# *'F&# &B'#'1%!1*#'3%# B%&'&# &' *'! '% κ #! *%! $%##1 & KR!%# ' #3(--7I" #3!!1*#' %#' ==$'& 16
17 ($%+&#$%( & #'*%$$ %#3!1$'& *'#1&!&&B'E!F%$$ %#31 #'EE *3 &' # F$> θ = Kβ3 3I 3 κ I"=='! '% κ %#'&%'+& #%*!*#'3*%2###&!!'* '$1 #$/$%1 #$ Γ > κ 8 K)3 ΓI" =P%# #!3! =%#$'%# #'!!& %&1#' &# *%! '= %& 6%##'!" 6*! %&&#*%! *! # $%1 +!3! 1$'& *'!F#1&E!F%$$ %#3F$'!%> θ = β + + κ %#$ %'3! 1$'& +κ %& θ = β 3$'1*#'" Ψ! 1$'& 9 *' E '* ' Ψ = ( β, vec( Ω), vec( Γ )', σ, σ )"!F%#% λ!1$'&%& #'! *' int er slope 1 #$'!5& λ J = ( KΩIJ3 KΓIJ3 σ#' 3 σ ) 3%#&'$ Ψ $%** Ψ ' = ( β ', λ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Ξ "# 8&B' &65&!%# ''+&&# %'%$%!'!*#' ξ 31 #'EE8" $&#%'%$%!!*#' ξ '=# &# #%*+!1*#' # 5&! '* &65&!! %#' ' ==$'&> ξ = ( (, ) " %'%$%! %&! '%# '!%!F#*+! 8 %'%$%!!*#' > Ξ = { } ξ,, 1 ξ N "! ' $'! 8 %'%$%!!*#' %&&##%*+ 18
19 ($%+&#$%( '%'! F%+1 '%#'!5& n = N i i=1 n " # #'3! '!& =5&#' F 1%&# %'%$%! $%*%<%&&B' 2 #'!*O*%'%$%!!*#' ξ 1$!! #'EE<" { ξ, 1 N ; 1 ξ, ; ;, 2 N2 ξ Q N Q } Ξ = %'%$%!%&! '%#F$'!%> [ ] [ ] $ 5& 8 $%%# &6 #%*+ &B' 2 #'! *O* %'%$%!!*#' ξ 1$ Q q=1 N q Q q q q=1 = N ' n = n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
20 ($%+&#$%( $#'3! #%#!# ' & *%! '&$'&! # $ *' # *'! '*# '%# #!2'5&!!%/1 *+! #$3'%#$! * '$F#=%* '%# $!$&! E ' 1 $%# $!!/$" # %6* '%#!F6%#! * '$ F#=%* '%# ' %% #' '!"K(--9I #! $ F&#*%! F& '=%Y! & %#' &% '+&#%*!*#' *%2###&!! ' 1 #$ %*%$ '5&"''6%#'+ &&#!# '%# &*%&*%! &# 1!%*#' 2!% &'%&!F #$ =='! '%3 $%** #! *'% " '' %6* '%# *' F%+'# &# *%!!# %' &6=='! '%'$%#&'E%# #!2'5&! * '$F#=%* '%# "'%&''!"K,)),I%#'! &''#&!1!%*#'! * '$##'%& #' #!1$'& *'E'* σ#' ' σ $ $' #'!*%!F&&!!" 1!%*#'%#' ' 1!& *&! '%# &&# '&!! * $%$#'5& %&! *%!$&!!F#%6 #K'%&'3,)),M'%&''#'3,))7I" * '$F#=%* '%#%&! '%#$%*%$%**! %**8* '$ F#=%* '%#!*#' > KΨ3Ξ I = 8 = ( KΨ3ξ I!%'%$%!%&! '%#'=#!F#*+! %'%$%!!*#' $ $&# #1& Ξ = {, }!!&'F$ M %&" F Q q= 1 ξ,ξ N 1 "&+#3 ( Ψ, Ξ) = N M ( Ψ, ξ )!%'%$%!%&! '%#'=# < q F q %&1!%%#!F6%#! * '$F#=%* '%#%&&#%'%$%!!*#' ξ K!F#$ ' #' &* #! ' $'' $'%# =# F!!!F$'&I" %&!%#5&!1$'&$%1 +!'%## D" * '$' #=#, 3 KΨM I. 3%Y 3 KΨM I'!!%/1 *+! #$&1$'&%+1 '%# y %& I Ψ Ψ! 1$'& *' %&! '%# Ψ " %&!# %#! *%! K Kβ33II3 ξi # ==$'& #'!%*#' 2!% &*%M$1!%*#''==$'& &'%&! *%2## =='! '% 3 1!& 5& ' %#$! E )" =# '#! $%*!6' $!$&!3 #%& #F!5&%# $''!# '%# & *%! F&M $'' '$'%# ' F!!& *! E $!! ==$'& =&' # " *%! ' ''5&F$'!%> JK Kβ33II3 ξi K Kβ3)3II3 ξ I + K )I + εkσ #' + σ K Kβ3)3II3 ξii = ) 20
21 ($%+&#$%( '!!%/1 *+! #$3' %$ > (, 3 KΨM I!#, π +!# 1 + K. I1 K. I %Y.'1%#'!F #$* #!'! 1 #$* #!%## >. K I I =. K Kβ3)I3 ξi, JK Kβ33II3 ξi K Kβ3I3 ξi 1 K II 1 = Ω + σ + σ β ξ #' K K 3)3II3 I J = ) = ) 1 '%#!!%/1 *+! #$ %' &6 *' %&! '%# $%#&#'!%E!F6%#! * '$F#=%* '%#!*#' #+!%$> K. 31 I 2 K. 31 I ( KΨ3 ξi, 2 K. 31 I ) K. 31 I %Y K.1I)K.1I ' 2K.1I %#' +!%$* '$! # #'!F #$. '! 1 #$1%+1 '%#> ( ( ( ( K. 31 I ), = + β β β β 1$' = (3 3 *Kβ I 1 1 ) K. 31 I = 1 1 λ λ ( ( ( ) K. 31 I = 1 1 λ β ( ( ( ) 1$' = (3 3 *Kλ I 1$ m = 1,, dim( β ) ' = (3 3 *Kλ I #!' 1 &6 $' $**#'3! +!%$ 2 K. 31 I! * '$F#=%* '%# ' &% #&!3 "! # #$! 1 #$ %+1 '%# #! *' *%2##F' #$%*'"''*'% #! &'! '!DE" F6%#! * '$ $%*!' KD JI '!& $%*!6 & ='!F#'%&$'%# 1$%#&*%!" $%* %#$&6*'%#F 1! &$&#==#$ *%' #' #!F1!& '%#&66*!K'%&''#'3,))7I" F6%#! * '$ F#=%* '%# ' '#& E *%!'# #' $%*'!F#=!&#$$%1 +!&! * $%$#'5&'F +!'#' /%$$ %# &$%&==#'%' '*#'K'%&''#'3,))7I" #$*O*' 1!3!%#' &%%&#!# '%#'23$F'E&#!# '%#&*%! &'%& 21
22 ($%+&#$%( 1!&!!=='! '%"&$&# *!% '%##F '*%#' 1$$'' # %$35&%##&!' '*! E$!!1!%$**#'* %& &#'* $!$&!!&!1 & =' *&! '%# %#'!%" # =='3 #! $ F&# #!2%##3!%##$ 5&%#'#$%##&'&#'* '%#*5& + 2###&'%#$ O'==$'&"#1!& '%# ( ( Ψ ξ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
23 ($%+&#$%(!& '' 1!& %! * '$ F#=%* '%# "!& &'! # * $%$#'5& ' $!& /%'*!'3 5& *' *#*!F#1 & '*# #'! * '$ F#=%* '%# %&! '%#" # '5&3! $!$&! $ $' # #$' F#1%#* '$!! &5&*#*!F#1 & '*# #'! * '$ F#=%* '%#1#'E* 6*!'*# #'! * '$"!%'* F%'* '%# %#' #$ " #%*+&6!%'* %#' ' 1!%3 $%#& #' %' E!F%'* '%# F&# %'%$%! ' #'3 %' E!F%'* '%# F&# %'%$%!'' ''5&K%&$%#'#&I" %** $' $**#'3 &# %'%$%! Ξ %& &# '& %&! '%# # * $%$#'5& &' F$ %&! =%* Ξ = { } ξ,, 1 ξn %Y$ 5& ξi $%%# &6 %'%$%!!1*#'==$'&&!&B'3 i = 1,, N "! *O*=P%#3#%& 1%# *%#'5&F!&'F6*%&! =%* Q%& Nq &B' 2 #'!*O*%'%$%! { ξ, 1 N ; 1 ξ, ; ;, 2 N2 ξ Q N Q } Ξ =!*#' > [ ] [ ] &' # ''+&E$ 5&%&&#% '%##! m &B' mq 2 #'!*O*%'%$%! ξq''!5& {[ ξ, 1 m1 ] ; [ ξ, 2 m2] ; ; ξ, Q mq} " #!!% F&# %'%$%! #'" # Q i= 1 m q N q q = 3$%%# #'E! %%'%# N = 1" Ξ &'%#$F$%&! =%* Ξ = '=# #&#%'%$%!' ''5&"#&''#$ %'%$%!' ''5&E* 5&!$%#5&$%*#')'('1= #''%&B%& Q i= 1 m = 1" %'%$%! ' *#'! +! &5&#%&#F 1%# &##%*+ mq q #'"! =&'!% *# E&# %'%$%! #' # %$ #'! %%'%# E!F#' &&!!&%$" F&#%'%$%!' ''5& &%'%$%!#'##&# 'F==$ $'&%'%$%!5&'##!''=+!" N #!%'* 'E$'' %$'!F!%'*&%%1/^ 2##K%%13(-9,M ^2##3(-9,I31!%#'!*#' #&#$%#'6'%##%#!# $! 5&& '#& &6 *%! #%#!# E ==' *6' #' '!" K(--9I"! *'! $%#'&$'%#%'%$%!$%#'#&/%'* &6"'!%'*$%#11&#%'%$%!/ %'*!5&!5&%'!%'%$%!#'!"!&'$# #'O'!%#%& ''#! $%#1#$ $!&'!!F#*+!%'%$%!!*#' %+! &$%&' '%#" %'%# ζ 3!!' $ %'%$%!!*#' 5& &1#' O' $%*% F&##%*+!1*#' ==#'!%#!$%#' #'/=#" F!%'*&%%1/^2##'' '="%'3 Ξk!%'%$%!%+'#&E!F' '%#B"! * F 'E!F' '%#BKE$%#'&!%'%$%! Ξk + 1'!5& Ξ = ( 1 α ) Ξ + α ξ 1$ α k + 1 k + 1 k + 1 k k
24 ($%+&#$%( * $%*#')'(' ξ # ζ 3&#%'%$%!!*#' E B%&' &%'%$%!3 &5&!&# * α k + 1' ''+&#' #'&#= $'%#* ''+& &6 &'%'%$%!!*#' $%*% #' Ξ k " %'%$%!!*#' ξ E = #' #! %'%$%! * $%%# #''$!&%&!5&!! ' #$ d ( Ξk, ξ ) '* 6*!3$5&1#'E$$ ξ * '!5& ξ arg max * d ( k, ξ ) ( ( )) log det M F ( Ψ, Ξk + 1 ) =# α = Ξ " ξ ζ k + 1 αk+ 1= 0 F!%'* & %%1/^ 2## ' + &! '%* F5&1!#$ R= ' ^%!=%C'?K(-8-I5&' +!'!F5&1!#$#'! '%#&1 #'> -!%'%$%! Ξ'/%'*! - max ξ ζ d ( Ξ, ξ ) = P 1$ P!#%*+ *'E'*&*%! - Ξ*#* max ξ ζ d ( Ξ, ξ ) #3! *%#' 5&F&# %'%$%! %'*! %&!F'* '%# *' & %'5&1!#'%&! 1 #$! $'%#" '&$'&' '1!F!%'*'!%! &1 #'> (" %&#%'%$%!' ''5&#'! Ξ0 #%##","!F' B3 1$!%'%$%! Ξk 3'%&1 ξ = arg max ξ ζ d ( Ξk, ξ ) O' max ξ ζ d ( Ξk, ξ ) P + ε 1$ ε 13&#&!'%! #$'*#" * 7" #%#3 $'&!!%'%$%! Ξ k + 1 = ( 1 αk + 1 ) Ξ k + αk + 1ξ 3%Y α k + 1'$%& ] 0,1[ '5& * 6* det ( M F ( Ψ, Ξk + 1 )) 3$5&$%%#E α = P d * d ( Ξk, ξ ) P ( ( Ξk, ξ ) 1) k + 1 * '!%'*%'* #!#%*+<%'%$%!!*#' '!%%'%# &B'#$!& #$ 5&%'%$%!!*#' ξq&%'%$%!%&! '%#%'*! Ξ"$ ='3!*'! '*# '%#F&#%'%$%!%&! '%##!&=# #'&#'&$'&3$F' E&#+%##+! #$#'!#%*+%& Q E#$!&3!#%*+ nq!1*#' %&'#=#!#%*+&B'E#$!& #$ 5&%&" #1 #$3%&!F%'* '%#%'%$%!#'3!%'*$=5&%#'' 1!%3 5& #! $ %'%$%! /%'* &63 %#'!%'* F$ #" & #$' #' 'F&#%'%$%!#'!'!F *!%&$$1*#'#$ # #'&# '*!1*#' &# *!!& '*" 5& &' O'!*' #' 5& #! $ #*#'!&&'*#*&!' #'&#*!!&%!&'%#K%%13(-9,M^ 2##3 (-9,M'$!!3(-9;I"!'# '1%#''%%+ &!*O*#$3$# #' &$&#$!%'*# #''! $%#1#$1!%'%$%!%'*!" " 24
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