ANNUAL AREA EMPLOYMENT MARKET REPORT OF TAMILNADU FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH 2014

Transcription

1 ANNUAL AREA EMPLOYMENT MARKET REPORT OF TAMILNADU FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH 2014 EMPLOYMENT TRENDS INTRODUCTION: PART-I 1.1This Annual Area Market report reviews the employment trends and situations that prevailed in Tamilnadu during the period from to This report is based on the data collected from the following establishments. a) All public sector establishments b) Non agricultural establishments in private sector employing 25 persons or more (which are coming under the Compulsory Notification of Vacancies act 1959) c) Private establishments employing workers which provide information on voluntary basis. 1.3 Employment market information program play a vital role in assessing manpower surpluses and shortages in the organized public and private sectors. To get a clear employment market information it is necessary to get details from unorganized sectors thereby short term or long term skill training may be provided to the unemployed youths in order to improve their employability. Before making use of the data reported in this review, the limitations in scope and coverage of the Employment Market Information Program need to be known. This report is prepared on the basis of quarterly returns collected and compiled by the Employment Market Information units functioning at the Employment Exchanges of Tamilnadu. First and foremost is employment in Agriculture is outside the purview of this program, though they play a significant role in the State's economy. Besides employment in agriculture, this program also excludes the domestic workers, self employed persons, and part-time employed persons. construction industry, only those private contractors who are engaged in 1 Similarly, in the public construction activities are covered. As stated in Para-1.2, establishments employing less than 10 persons in the private sector are not covered under this program. These limitations in the coverage of the Employment Market Information Program need to be taken note of, while interpreting the findings in this annual review. Based on this report, information regarding the employment opportunities in the organized sectors can be assessed and also the structure, occupational composition and educational qualification of the present and assessment of requirements of future manpower in the above mentioned establishments can also be studied.

2 ROLE OF AREA MARKET INFORMATION REPORT: Based on the data and information of the area market report the employment exchanges can guide the students and the various skill training institutes to take up the apt skills and also it helps the employment exchanges to guide and match the job seekers and the employers thereby play an important role in solving unemployment and under employment problems. II.HIGHLIGHTS: The frame of Employer Register made use of, under the Employment Information Programme for collection of employment information during the year ended March 2014 consisted a total of establishments, of which under public sector and under private sector. The total employment in both public and private sectors which stood at 23,66,399 as on recorded a marginal increase of 4693 persons during the year under review compared to the year ended March An analysis by major industry divisions reveals employment gains or losses in Public Sector and Private Sector during the year ended March 2014 as indicated in the following table:- 2

3 TABLE-I SECTOR-WISE BREAK-UP OF EMPLOYMENT IN MAJOR INDUSTRY SECTIONS AS ON NIC (1998) Industry Description PUBLIC SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR TOTAL % OF Total Employment in 2014 % OF Total Employment in 2013 Variation of Employment % over previous year Agriculture, Hunting and A Forestry B Fishing C Mining and Quarrying D Manufacturing Electricity, Gas and E Water Supply F Construction Wholesale and Retail G Trade, etc., H Hotels and Restaurants I Transport, Storage and Communication J Financial Intermediation Real Estate, Renting and K Business activities Public Administration and L Defence M Education N Health and social work O Other Community, Social and Personal Service activities Total

4 III.EMPLOYMENT TRENDS: COVERAGE AND RESPONSES ACHIEVED. Sectors which showed major increase and decrease in employment in 2014 when compared to previous year data is printed below: Percentage of sector wise Increase and Decrease in Employment The overall response in the matter of data collection from various establishments for the period ended March 2014 has been, on the whole, satisfactory and encouraging. Among the sector-wise breakup of employment in major industries, we can see that there is a no remarkable increase or decrease of employment. 4

5 A comparative picture of response achieved during the period under report and the previous year may be seen in the following table:- TABLE-II STATEMENT SHOWING PERCENTAGE OF RESPONSE ACHIEVED IN THE COLLECTION OF EMPLOYMENT RETURNS UNDER THE EMPLOYMENT MARKET INFORMATION PROGRAMMES DURING THE YEAR ENDED COMPARED WITH PREVIOUS YEAR.. 1. No. of Establishments addressed 2. No. of Establishments responded Current Year Public Private Sector sector Previous Year Public Private Sector Sector Percentage of response 99.72% 96.33% 99.7% 96% 3.2 The above statement shows that the total number of establishments in both Public and Private Sectors on the frame of the Employment Market Information enquiry during the year under review reveals no change when compared to the to the previous year response i.e As has been stated in Para 1.2 above, data collection under this programme from the Private Sector Establishments employing persons is dependent purely on their voluntary co-operation. Because of this factor cent percent response in the Employment Market Information enquiries could not be achieved in the Private Sector. However, in the case of non-responding establishments, the figures furnished by them during the earlier quarter has been adopted for coverage under the current review:- EMPLOYMENT LEVEL BY SECTOR-WISE 3.4 The following table provides a sector-wise, break-up of total employment in Tamil Nadu during the period under report:- 5

6 TABLE-III STATEMENT SHOWING TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS IN AMILNADU AS REVEALED BY QUARTERLY ROUNDS OF EMPLOYMENT MARKET INFORMATION ENQUIRES.(in 000 ) Year Ended Public Sector Private Total Sector 1 Current year as on Previous year The above table reveals that the employment situation has decreased in Public sector. and increased in Private sector when compared to the previous year. EMPLOYMENT IN PUBLIC SECTOR 3.6 The following Table highlights the Employment Levels and variations in the Public Sector during the review period. TABLE-IV STATEMENT SHOWING EMPLOYMENT LEVELS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN TAMIL NADU STATE AS ON COMPARED WITH PREVIOUS YEAR. (FIGURES IN 000) BRANCH Previous Year Current Year Change over Previous year Central Government -0.6 State Government Central Quasi Government State Quasi Government Local Bodies Total The information from the above table reveals that employment level in State Quasi Govt. alone have shown a minimum increase of 1.9 thousands during the period under report when compared with the data ended with March 2013 and there is a remarkable decrease of 13 thousands in Central Quasi undertaking establishments..employment IN PRIVATE SECTOR 3.8. The following table relating to the year ended highlights the varying Employment trends in Larger and Smaller Establishments, over the previous year:- 6

7 TABLE-V STATEMENT SHOWING THE TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN PRIVATE SECTOR BY SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENTS IN TAMILNADU AS ON COMPARED WITH PREVIOUS YEAR.(Figures in 000) Non Act Establishment Act Establishment Total private sector Year Employment % To total Private Employment Employment %To total Private Employmen t Employmen t CurrentYear % % %To total Employment Previous Year % % % Change in Employment over Previous Year % Table- V Total employment in larger establishments of private sector in year 2014 have showed an increase of 14% when compared with 2013 data The smaller establishments in private sector have showed only a marginal increase of 3.7%. The above data reveals that Job seekers have a preference for larger establishments. Job seekers prefer larger establishments due to career prospects they offer and opportunities for them to excel in jobs and stability of tenure they provide compared with smaller establishments which show volatile job market seems to be the reason for increase in employment in larger private sector establishments. The above table highlights that the total Private Sector Employment which shares about 39.63%. i.e. almost two-fifth of overall employment (both private and public sector combined) in the State as on Employment in Private Sector has increased to the tune of 0.96%. A decrease of 13.9 thousands is shown in Public Sector employment. Likewise increase in employment in Private Sector is 16 thousands shows the increasing opportunities in Private Sector employment like Agriculture, Education and Public Administration.. 7

8 IV. AREA WISE ANALYSIS: 4.1 The following table provides a district-wise distribution of total employment in Tamil Nadu as on TABLE VI STATEMENT SHOWING THE EMPLOYMENT LEVELS IN THE DISTRICTS OF TAMILNADU AS ON COMPARED WITH Sl. No District Total Public Private Public Private Sector Sector Sector Sector Variation Over Previous Year 1 Chennai Coimbatore Cuddalore Villupuram Dindigul Erode Krishnagiri Kancheepuram T.Vallur Madurai Theni N.Coil P.kottai Ramnad Salem Namakal Sivagangai T.Veli Thanjavur N.Patinam Tiruvarur Trichy Karur Perambalur Ariyalur Tuticorin Ooty V.Nagar Vellore T.V.Malai TOTAL

9 Details showing major increase and Decrease in employment over previous year Sl.No Districts Increase in Employment over previous year 1. Madurai Thiruvannamalai Kancheepuram Krishnagiri Vellore Increase in Employment over previous year Increase in Employment over previous year Districts Decrease in Employment over previous year Sl.No 1. Coimbatore Trichy Theni Ariyalur Salem Decrease in Employment over previous year Decrease in Employment over previous year

10 V. WOMEN EMPLOYMENT Though the work and service done by women of our country are not measurable in terms of economy,the following table discuss the statistics about women employment in the organized sectors of Tamilnadu. The Employment Market Information round of enquiry for March 2013 has revealed that there were women employed in the Organized sector in Tamil Nadu as on forming 35.2% of over all employment, nearly 52.4% of this total Employment were found to be in Public Sector. Compared to the level as on employment during the year registered a net decrease in Public Sector(+)7289 and a net increase in Private Sector (+)8755. The reason for increased women employment during the year in Public and Private Sector is as a result of booming opportunities for women particularly in service sectors like education, Manufacturing and in health and social work etc., The following table shows women employment levels relating to women in Public and Private Sectors as on compared with previous year. TABLE VII STATEMENT FURNISHING STATISTICS ABOUT WOMEN EMPLOYMENT IN TAMILNADU AS ON IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS COMPARED WITH PREVIOUS YEAR. Public Sector Establishments Larger Establishments Private Sector Establishments Smaller Establishments Total Public Sector and Private Sector Establishments Previous Year (as on ) Current Year ( as on )

11 Private Industrial Sectors which give Maximum and Minimum employment to Women: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry Fishing Mining and Quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, Gas and Water Supply Construction Wholesale and Retail Trade, etc., Hotels and Restaurants Transport, Storage and Communication Financial Intermediation Real Estate, Renting and Business activities Public Administration and Defence Education Health and social work Other Community, Social and Personal Service activities 0 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O The increase in literacy rate have created a notable rise in the education of women. The education gives not only the knowledge but also improve the livelihood of women. The Government of Tamilnadu have reserved 30% of jobs exclusively for women and they are eligible to compete in open reservations also.increasing industrialization, casual jobs and value added services provide ample opportunities to women. Particularly Manufacturing Industry provides maximum employment to women. 11

12 Public Sector Industries which gives maximum employment to Women: Social work comes first among the Public sector Industries which gives maximum employment to Women with more than jobs. Other Sectors like Public administration and Education showed more or less even growth in job market. Employment A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O To conclude on the employment opportunities for women in Tamilnadu, private sectors covering Education provide ample opportunities for women with more than jobs and in public sector Health & Social Work provide more than jobs The educated women folk of Tamilnadu always have a passion to work as teachers, which shape the attitudes and aptitudes of kids and youth towards the betterment of society and development of our nation. The increased numbers of colleges of education, teacher training institutes further add value to this opportunity. The preference of women as teachers particularly in primary education also contributed increased employment of women education. 30% reservation for women in Government jobs is the major reason for increased employment of women. Thus, the education sector alone have provided more than 2.09 lakh jobs in both private and public sectors for period ending March Employment A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry Fishing Mining and Quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, Gas and Water Supply Construction Wholesale and Retail Trade, etc., Hotels and Restaurants Transport, Storage and Communication Financial Intermediation Real Estate, Renting and Business activities Public Administration and Defence Education Health and social work Other Community, Social and Personal Service activities

13 PART-II VI. MAN POWER SUPPLY AND DEMAND: INTRODUCTION 6.1 For a proper understanding of the Labour Market Trends, a precise knowledge about the composition of the employed work force, its sector-wise, sex-wise and Industry wise distribution, impact of seasonal jobs on the occupational pattern and identification of industries poised for employment gains or prone to stagnate, etc., is very vital. These details, as relevant to the organized sector of Tamilnadu State's Labour Market were furnished, to the best possible extent, in Part-I of this review. But equally important in this context, is keen perception of the trends and shifts taking place on the other side of the Labour Market that is composed of the job seeking unemployed work force. With this view an attempt is made in this second section to analysis and review the unemployment situation in Tamilnadu FOR the period from 31/03/2013 to 31/03/ The activity reports and the performances statistics of the Employment Exchanges provide a rich storage of data on these very aspects (viz.volume and composition of job seekers and job demands). This is due to the fact that Employment Exchanges occupied a central place in the Labour Market where the unemployed enroll themselves for job assistance on the one hand and the employers in need of man power notify their job demands on the other. It is hence only natural that information on these two key areas viz., composition of skills available for placement in the job market and the nature and type of job outlets surfacing to absorb them are available in every Employment Exchange. 6.3 But at the same time, it has to be considered that the data collected through the Employment market information unit can able to provide the datas which are available in the employment exchanges alone:- First and foremost is the registration of educational qualification in the Employment Exchanges of Tamilnadu is not mandatory.so not at all the job seekers searching for job do register their names in the Employment Exchange. Likewise the Employment Exchange is not the only one source which provide employment opportunities to all and that not all those who have registered and are waiting on the rolls of the Employment Exchange, are actually with-out jobs i.e. unemployed in the real sense. Most of them are students and a sizeable fraction of them are actually employed in some gainful activity, but register themselves in the Employment Exchange, 13

14 without revealing their current activity status, for getting better jobs in terms of regular employment, more salary, skill-application, time etc., Similarly not all the employers functioning within the jurisdiction of Employment Exchanges concerned notify their vacancies to the Local Employment Exchanges. As per the provisions of Employment Exchange Compulsory Notification of Vacancies Act, notification of vacancies to the Local Employment Exchange is obligatory only for private sector employers who employ 25 persons and more. Even here, certain categories of vacancies (such as these that are of short duration of unskilled in nature) have been exempted. This means private employers employing less than 25 persons are under no obligation to notify their vacancies to the Local Employment Exchange. Even in the case of Public sector, considerable number of vacancies are filled by the recruitment boards such as Staff Selection Commission, Tamilnadu Public Service Commission, Railway Recruitment Board, Banking Service Recruitment Board, Uniformed Service Commission, Teachers Recruitment Board etc. In addition to this, most of the multinational companies, other industries recruit candidates through human resource agencies on contract basis or casual labour basis. These limitations will affect the review of employment in terms of Live Register, vacancy and placement data available through the Employment Exchange.These particulars have to be kept in mind while assessing the trends of short term fluctuations in the Unemployment situation in Tamilnadu State.. VII. JOB SEEKERS (a) REGISTRATION AND LIVE REGISTER: 7.1 During the period under report (April 2013 March 2014), the following table shows the number of job seekers who are waiting in the live register of Employment Exchanges of Tamilnadu TABLE-IX COMPARED STATEMENT OF THE NUMBER OF APPLICANTS ON THE LIVE REGISTER 1 QUARTERWISE LIVE REGISTER 30/06/ /09/ /12/ /03/2014 WOMEN TOTAL

15 (b) OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSIS OF JOB-SEEKERS: 7.3. A statement showing a broad occupational break-up of Live Register as on is given below:- TABLE-X OCCUPATIONAL BREAK UP OF LIVE REGISTER OF THE EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGES Sl. No IN TAMILNADU STATE AS ON Occupational Divisions 15 Number waiting on the Live Register As on Educated Others Total (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1 Professional and Technical Administrative and Managerial Clerical and related Workers Sales Craftsman and Production Workers and other Technical (Skilled) workers Unskilled Persons with out any vocational Training A total of 84,72,948 registrants are available as on 31/0./2014, only 26.4 % are skilled and the rest 74.6% are unskilled.. In order to make them employable and to impart sklii to them Tamilnadu Skill Development Corporation provide skill development training is being given thorough out the state of Tamilnadu. VIII. DEMAND FOR PERSONNEL IN LABOUR MARKET: VACANCIES NOTIFIED TO THE EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGES The following table shows the total number of vacancies notified to the various Employment exchanges in Tamilnadu. TABLE-XI STATEMENT SHOWING THE TOTAL NUMBER OF VACANCIES NOTIFIED TO THE EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGES IN TAMILNADU DURING THE YEAR ENDED AND FOR THE QUARTER ENDED COMPARED WITH THE PREVIOUS YEAR Sl.No. Year Number of vacancies Notified UP TO

16 The vacancies tabulated above are exclucively notified by the public sector undertakings alone.the number of vavacies received are very meager when compared with the live register.efforts are being taken by the Employment Exchanges to place the unemployed youths by conducting frequent job fairs at office levels and district levels. IX.PLACEMENTS:- 9.1 The following table shows the placement details of vacancies notified exclusively to Employment Exchanges of Tamilnadu. However it is to be noted that the other placements made by the public sectors include Tamilnadu Public service Commission Teacher s Recruitment Board.,etc and the vacancies filled by the establishments coming under the purview of compulsory notification act and the casual labours engaged by the human resource agencies are not taken into account. During the Year ended a total number of registrants were placed in jobs by various Employment Exchanges in Tamil Nadu. Compared to the placement performance during the previous year , this shows an increase of registrants. TABLE-XII STATEMENT SHOWING THE NUMBER OF REGISTRANTS PLACED IN JOBS BY EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGES IN TAMIL NADU DURING THE YEAR ENDED COMPARED WITH THE PREVIOUS YEARS. Sl.No Year Number placed in jobs X.VACANCIES OUTSTANDING: 10.1 A total number of vacancies were notified to the Employment Exchanges during the period,under review, were reported as filled as on , a total number of 7103 vacancies were remaining outstanding, awaiting communication about result of selection made by the employers. XI.MANPOWER SHORTAGE: Manpower shortages are experienced by the Employment Exchanges.in certain specific categories of occupations which are exclusively reserved for certain communal reservations.this situation is inevitable and it may not be interpreted for the shortage of manpower on the whole.. This situation necessitates the Employment Exchanges to issue non-availability 16

17 Certificates(NACs) to the employers concerned so that the employers concerned can tap other channels of recruitment such as press, through advertisement etc., to fill up the vacancies The non-availability certificates issued by the Employment Exchanges in a particular trade do not necessarily indicate that the manpower shortage in that trade is absolute and there is a total lack of qualified manpower in that specific trade, in the registers of Employment Exchanges or in the Labour Market. Manpower shortages, as revealed by the Employment Exchanges statistics, are always relative rather than absolute Employment Exchanges are often required to issue non-availability certificates in all such cases when candidates fully conforming to the employers' specifications with reference to age, qualification experience communal reservation etc., are not available on their Live re-registers. In these instances, shortages are often induced or accentuated by most of such contributory factors as communal reservations, prescription of previous experience for a minimum period as a pre-requisite to recruitment, unrealistic wage rates, lack of mobility on the part of the job-seekers, unrealistic pay expectation by job-seekers etc., 11.3 However, within limits, the non-availability certificates issued by the Employment Exchanges during a particular period can be reckoned as a rough guide for identifying manpower shortages prevalent in the labour market during that period. Therefore, an analysis of the Nonavailability certificates issued by the Employment Exchanges in Tamil Nadu during the year ended Year 2013 was made. This analysis has revealed manpower shortages in the following occupational categories in the Stage during the review quarter. 1. Steno Typist - Priority and Non-priority 2. ECG Technician - OC-Priority 3. Dark Room Assistant OC-Priority 4. Dental Hygienist OC- Priority 5. Heavy Vehicle Driver Women 6. Medical and Para Medical persons 7. Specialized Teachers like Blind, Deaf, Ortho and Mental Retardation 8. Accountant (OC-Priority) 9. Blue Print operator, 10. Cinema operator (BCM) priority 17

18 XII. EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK: When compared to the neighbouring states, Tamilnadu is one of the most industrialized state in India. Urbanization,increase in educational institutions not only at the general education but also at the Industrial Training Institutes,Polytechnics,Engineering Colleges, para medical colleges level, self sufficient income leads to better education, increasing contract and casual labours and mismatch of formal education with the employment trends are the major factors which controls the various aspects of employment opportunities.steps and plans must be framed to clear the above mentioned obstacles in the path of better employment situation not only in terms of quality but also in terms quantity of employability. Generation of employment opportunities in village level in addition to agricultural activities based employment, ensuring challenging and safe environment, secured income and feasible society for living, modernizing Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programs by providing various skills to the rural youth will also help the growing population to a better world of employment. Proper information and planning may also be gathered in order to improve the employment in unorganized sectors because in future major employment is vested with the unorganized sector only. So to improve the employability of the growing generations the formal education and vocational education must go with hand to hand and such education should enhance the thinking, experiencing and innovating ability of younger generation To conclude this report regarding the present Employment situation in Tamil Nadu, slight improvement have been seen in both Public and Private Sectors in respect of Manufacturing, Transport, Wholesale & Retail trade, Education, Health & Social Work and in areas such as Storage and Communication, Public Administration, Defense and Construction recorded a slight decrease in employment during the period under report. For Director. 18