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2 Teacher s Toolbook BZ-4204 The Great Depression and the New Deal Copyright 2003 Performance Education Updated February

3 There are 185 lessons. There are 761 questions on the test. Table of Contents THE GREAT DEPRESSION What was the Great Depression? page 24 Lesson #1 Lecture What was the Great Depression? Lesson #2 Powerpoints The Great Depression Lesson #3 Graphic organizer How to analyze the Great Depression The stock market crash, 1929 page 29 Lesson #4 Lecture The stock market during the 1920s Lesson #5 Readings The Roaring Twenties Lesson #6 Lecture The stock market crash Lesson #7 Videos The stock market crash Lesson #8 Photos The stock market crash Lesson #9 Games The stock market crash Causes of the Great Depression page 36 Lesson #10 Lecture What caused the stock market crash? Lesson #11 Lecture What caused the Great Depression? Lesson #12 Group analysis Three causes Lesson #13 Student project Three causes Herbert Hoover page 42 Lesson #14 Profile Herbert Hoover: From rags to riches Five major problems Lesson #15 Lecture Five major problems Lesson #16 Student project Five major problems Five wrong actions Lesson #17 Profile Herbert Hoover: The Mining Engineer Lesson #18 Lecture Five wrong actions Lesson #19 Lecture The Federal Reserve made things worse Lesson #20 Videos The Federal Reserve Lesson #21 Group analysis The Federal Reserve One right action Lesson #22 Lecture The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) The most hated man in America Lesson #23 Profile Herbert Hoover: The Scapegoat Lesson #24 Videos The most hated man in America

4 The Suffering page 62 The unemployed and the homeless Lesson #25 Photos The homeless Lesson #26 Videos The unemployed Lesson #27 Stories Tales of the average joe and jane Lesson #28 Photos Cities & Countryside Lesson #29 Films Feature films Young people during the Depression Lesson #30 Videos How young people made a living Lesson #31 Research Riding the Rails Lesson #32 Videos The Scottsboro Boys, 1931 African Americans during the Depression Lesson #33 Videos African Americans during the Depression Lesson #34 Timeline Life in Harlem during the Great Depression The Dustbowl page 77 Lesson #35 Lecture The Dustbowl Lesson #36 Profile Dorothea Lange - Photographer of the Dustbowl Lesson #37 Research The Dustbowl Lesson #38 Videos The Dustbowl Lesson #39 Videos Woody Guthrie - Folksongs of the Dustbowl Lesson #40 Group analysis The Dustbowl Lesson #41 Group analysis The Grapes of Wrath Lesson #42 Group analysis The United Farm Workers By 1932, people were desperate Lesson #43 Group analysis Top Ten Reasons why the Depression was traumatic The Bonus March, 1932 page 90 Lesson #44 Lecture The Bonus March Lesson #45 Research The Bonus march The Election of 1932 page 93 Lesson #46 Lecture The Election of 1932 Lesson #47 Research The Election of 1932 Lesson #48 Maps & Charts The Election of 1932 Lesson #49 Game Two philosophies: Hoover vs FDR Lesson #50 Game Two philosophies: Hoover vs FDR Lesson #51 Lecture FDR won by a landslide Lesson #52 Readings Why Hoover was defeated Lesson #53 Group analysis Why Hoover was defeated page 16

5 Review page 104 Lesson #54 Group analysis Famous quotations Lesson #55 Graphic organizer The Great Depression Lesson #56 Game The ABCs of the Great Depression Lesson #57 Game Can you talk like Herbert Hoover? Lesson #58 Game Mars / Venus Lesson #59 Game Honk if you hate history Lesson #60 Game Stump the teacher Lesson #61 Game The Last Man Standing The Test page 113 The test consists of 285 questions. page 17

6 THE NEW DEAL Websites page 155 What was the New Deal? page 158 Lesson #1 Lecture What was the New Deal? Lesson #2 Timeline Timeline of the New Deal Lesson #3 Graphic organizer How to analyze the New Deal Franklin Delano Roosevelt page 163 Lesson #4 Profile FDR: His personal tragedy Lesson #5 Videos The life story of FDR Lesson #6 Character web FDR: His character Lesson #7 Profile Eleanor Roosevelt Lesson #8 Research Eleanor Roosevelt Lesson #9 Political cartoons Waiting for FDR to take office FDR took office page 173 Lesson #10 Speech First inaugural address, 1933 Lesson #11 Political cartoons FDR faced a lot of problems Lesson #12 Research FDR s cabinet Lesson #13 Profile Frances Perkins Lesson #14 Research Frances Perkins Lesson #15 Lecture The Brain Trust Lesson #16 Videos John Maynard Keynes Lesson #17 Chart Deficit spending Lesson #18 Letter From John Maynard Keynes to FDR Lesson #19 Group analysis Deficit spending The First 100 Days page 192 Lesson #20 Lecture The First 100 Days Lesson #21 Videos The First 100 Days Lesson #22 Political cartoons FDR ended Prohibition FDR saved the banks Lesson #23 Lecture The first crisis FDR tackled was the banking crisis Lesson #24 Radio broadcasts The Fireside Chats Lesson #25 Group analysis FDR s Bank Holiday Lesson #26 Political cartoons FDR saved the banks How the New Deal regulated the banking industry Lesson #27 Group analysis The Glass-Steagall Act, 1933 Lesson #28 Group analysis The FDIC How the New Deal regulated Wall Street Lesson #29 Group analysis The SEC Lesson #30 Political cartoons FDR cleaned up Wall Street Lesson #31 Game Crackdown on banks and Wall Street Lesson #32 Game Crackdown on banks and Wall Street

7 Government regulation of Big Business Lesson #33 Chart What was new about the New Deal? Lesson #34 Political cartoons Big Business did not like government regulation Lesson #35 Group analysis The FCC Congress gave FDR a hard time Lesson #36 Political cartoons Congress gave FDR a hard time The Alphabet programs page 216 Lesson #37 Lecture The Alphabet programs Lesson #38 Political cartoons The Alphabet programs Lesson #39 Chart The Alphabet programs Lesson #40 Game The Alphabet programs Lesson #41 Photos The New Deal Lesson #42 Chart The Alphabet programs How the New Deal helped those who lost their jobs Lesson #43 Lecture Welfare payments Lesson #44 Group analysis The FERA How the New Deal helped those who still had jobs Lesson #45 Lecture The NRA Lesson #46 Group analysis The NRA How the New Deal helped young men Lesson #47 Lecture The CCC Lesson #48 Videos The CCC Lesson #49 Group analysis The CCC How the New Deal created jobs for construction workers Lesson #50 Lecture The WPA Lesson #51 Group analysis The WPA Lesson #52 Political cartoons Public Works Lesson #53 Internet The WPA: Yes, we did! How the New Deal created jobs for starving artists Lesson #54 Internet The WPA: Jobs for starving artists How the New Deal created jobs for African Americans Lesson #55 Profile Zora Neale Hurston Lesson #56 Research African Americans during the New Deal How the New Deal helped farmers Lesson #57 Lecture How the New Deal helped farmers Lesson #58 Group analysis The AAA Lesson #59 Political cartoons The AAA page 19

8 How the New Deal helped the South Lesson #60 Lecture The TVA Lesson #61 Group analysis The TVA How the New Deal helped homeowners Lesson #62 Group analysis The FHA Lesson #63 Video The FHA How the New Deal helped senior citizens Lesson #64 Lecture Social Security Lesson #65 Group analysis Social Security Lesson #66 Political cartoon Social Security Critics of the New Deal page 263 Lesson #67 Lecture Critics of the New Deal Lesson #68 Videos Opposition to the New Deal Lesson #69 Game Critics of the New Deal Lesson #70 Game Critics of the New Deal Was the New Deal socialism? Lesson #71 Profile FDR: Prevented extremism Packing the Supreme Court, 1936 page 271 Lesson #72 Profile FDR: Packing the Supreme Court Lesson #73 Lecture Packing the Supreme Court Lesson #74 Videos Packing the Supreme Court Lesson #75 Political cartoons Packing the Supreme Court The New Deal Continues Lesson #76 Speech FDR s second inaugural address, 1937 Lesson #77 Political cartoons FDR tried to balance the budget, 1937 Organized labor page 284 Lesson #78 Profile Florence Reece Lesson #79 Lecture The Wagner Act and the CIO Lesson #80 Videos History of organized labor Lesson #81 Political cartoons The Wagner Act, 1935 Lesson #82 Group analysis The Wagner Act Lesson #83 Lecture The Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938 Lesson #84 Group analysis The Fair Labor Standards Act Lesson #85 Game Labor laws Lesson #86 Game Labor laws Lesson #87 Lecture The farmworkers Lesson #88 Profile Cesar Chavez page 20

9 Results of the New Deal page 301 Lesson #89 Chart Ten results 1. Only World War II pulled the U.S. out of the Great Depression Lesson #90 Political cartoons The New Deal did not pull the U.S. out of the Depression Lesson #91 Lecture World War II pulled the U.S. out of the Depression 2. Government intervention in the economy Lesson #92 Group analysis The New Deal: What worked? What did not work? 3. Government regulation of Big Business Lesson #93 Lecture What worked 4. The Welfare State Lesson #94 Lecture The Welfare State 5. Preserved democracy Lesson #95 Chart How the Democrats & Republicans saw the New Deal Lesson #96 Political cartoon FDR preserved democracy 6. The President became much more powerful Lesson #97 Political cartoons FDR was the first powerful president 7. The beginning of Big Government Lesson #98 Profile FDR created Big Government Lesson #99 Political cartoons FDR created Big Government 8. The beginning of Organized Labor Lesson #100 Charts Union membership 9. The New Deal Coalition Lesson #101 Profile Mary McLeod Bethune Lesson #102 Game The New Deal Coalition Lesson #103 Game The New Deal Coalition Lesson #104 Lecture The Hatch Act 10. Changes to the Constitution Lesson #105 Game Changes to the Constitution page 21

10 Pop Culture in the 1930s page 332 Lesson #106 Internet What was life like during the 1930s? Lesson #107 Videos Fashion Lesson #108 Videos Hollywood films Review page 340 Lesson #109 Group analysis Top Ten Reasons why the New Deal was great Lesson #110 Group analysis Top Ten Reasons why the New Deal was not great Lesson #111 Group analysis The New Deal Lesson #112 Group analysis The New Deal Lesson #113 Debate The New Deal Lesson #114 Graphic organizer The New Deal Lesson #115 Game The ABCs of the New Deal Lesson #116 Game Can you talk like FDR? Lesson #117 Game Who am I? Lesson #118 Group analysis Rank! Lesson #119 Group analysis Great quotations Lesson #120 Game Mars / Venus Lesson #122 Game Honk if you hate history Lesson #123 Game Stump the teacher Lesson #124 Game The Last Man Standing The Test page 359 The test consists of 476 questions page 22

11 What was the Great Depression? page 24

12 Lesson #1: Lecture As you tell the story, students fill in the graphic organizer. What was the Great Depression? When 1929: It began with the stock market crash on Wall Street. 1942: It ended when the U.S. entered World War II. Where It began in the U.S and spread world wide. The economic crisis posed a horrible challenge to democratic nations. a. In Germany, the Depression caused the rise of Hitler. b. In Italy, the Depression caused the rise of Mussolini. c. The U.S., Britain, and France faced growing internal threats from both the Left and the Right. d. The Left was communist. (The Soviet Union) e. The Right was fascist. (Nazi Germany) Who Two Presidents Hoover got all the blame. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected to solve the economic crisis. What For those who lived through it, the Great Depression as as traumatic as any war or revolution. An economic crisis A depression is a deep, extended slump in total business activity. Buying and selling drop during a depression, causing a decline in production, prices, income, and employment. Money becomes scarce. Many businesses fail, and many workers lose their jobs. - World Book Encyclopedia What happened 1. People stopped buying in stores. 2. The stores ordered less from factories. 3. The factories laid off workers. 4. Unemployed workers stopped buying in stores. 5. This downward spiral continued until stores and companies went bankrupt. The difference between a recession and a depression A recession lasts only a year or so. A depression lasts for years. The federal government grew LARGE As a result of the Depression, the federal government began managing the economy. Why What caused the Great Depression? Three words: Drop in demand. (People stopped buying in stores.) How How did the U.S. government pull the nation out of the Depression? Three words: World War Two. (Government spending on the military stimulated the U.S. economy.) page 25

13 Graphic organizer The Great Depression: Who, what, where, when, why and how? When Where How The Great Depression Who What Why page 26

14 Lesson #2: Powerpoints The Great Depression Powerpoints Websites Definition: The Great Depression Timeline of the Great Depression Primary sources st.html Deal.htm page 27

15 Lesson #3: Graphic organizer How to analyze the Great Depression The Depression can be broken down into 7 parts. World War II When FDR spent $ to prepare for war (ships, planes, tanks), the Depression ended. The economy soared. World War II was a gigantic jobs program. Downturn FDR stopped spending $. He balanced the budget. The GNP went down and unemployment went up. When the government stopped spending money, the economy took a nosedive. Economy improves FDR spent govt $ like crazy. The GNP went up and unemployment went down. The federal government created jobs. That put $ in the pocket of the average joe and jane. When they spent the money, this helped businesses. The New Deal 1933 FDR took office. In his first 100 days, he launched all of his major programs. Alphabet soup. Election of 1932 In November, FDR was elected by a landslide. The New Deal marked the beginning of Big Gov t and the Welfare State. The Hoover years President Hoover did too little, too late. He was opposed to government intervention in the economy. Wall Street crash 1929 The stock market collapsed. Factories closed. Massive unemployment. The Great Depression began. page 28

16 The stock market crash on Wall Street, 1929 page 29

17 Lesson #4: Lecture The Stock Market during the Roaring Twenties During he 1920s, the stock market was roaring It gave people a false sense of prosperity The stock market had nothing to do with the rest of the economy. It was an artificial boom. Speculators pushed up the price of stocks far higher than the actual value of the company. The Bull Market: The stock market soared. Bulls charge forward There was a spectacular upward trend in the prices of corporate stocks. From 1921 to 1927, stocks were rising on Wall Street. In 1928, stocks started soaring threw the roof. If you bought $10,000 worth of stock in 1924, it was worth $40,000 in Speculation: People bought stocks with loaned money. Investors borrowed from stockbrokers. Stockbrokers borrowed from banks. Stockbrokers borrowed $5 million in 1928, but $850 million in Buying on margin Joe Stockbroker sold shares of stock on margin: John Investor bought $100 worth of stock. a. He gave only $10 to the stockbroker. b. The stockbroker borrowed the other $90 from a bank. c. When the stock market crashed, the banks held worthless stock. d. Eventually, the banks closed. Banks made bad investments Banks speculated on the stock market. Banks loaned stockbrokers up to 75% of the price of stock purchases. When the crash hit, stockbrokers could not repay the banks. The banks went under. Wide gap between rich and poor In the 1920s, the rich made a killing. Wages were low and profits were high. But the average workers real wages increased only slightly. The majority of people lived at or near poverty. There was a wide gap between the rich and the poor. Frederick Lewis Allen, Only Yesterday Ask a student to read this aloud Chapter 12: The Big Bull Market Wall Street during the Roaring Twenties page 30

18 Lesson #5: Homework on the Internet Readings: The Roaring Twenties Speculation on the stock market Buying on margin - investments were made with borrowed money. Bank deposits were invested on the stock market Reading: The Crash Powerpoints Laissez-faire Definition: Laissez-faire Powerpoint: US. government policy of laissez-faire Definition: The Teapot Dome Scandal, Reading: The Teapot Dome scandal The business of America is business Speech: Calvin Coolidge on the Spirituality of Commerce, Magazine article: Business... the Salvation of the World : Celebrating Big Business, Speech: Herbert Hoover, Rugged Individualism, Herbert Hoover Predicts Prosperity, Song: A Hymn to the God of Business page 31

19 Lesson #6: Lecture Many names for the same thing: Wall Street, the stock market, the Dow Jones, New York Stock Exchange. The Stock Market crash The stock market crashed on Black Tuesday - October 29, This was the beginning of the Great Depression The Bear Market: The stock market crashed Bears hide in a cave There was a financial panic on Wall Street. Since most Americans viewed the stock market as the chief indicator of the health of the American economy, the crash shattered public confidence. Everyone sold off their shares and the stock market collapsed. Stocks on the New York Stock Exchange lost 50% of their value. Industrial stocks lost 80% of their value. Investors lost their money Stock prices fell and banks called in their loans. Within a month, $30 billion in stock values evaporated. Total panic a. Investors began to sell their stocks. b. Stockbrokers called in their margins. c. Banks called in their loans to stockbrokers. d. Everybody panicked - everybody sold all their stocks. e. Over the next 30 days, the price of stocks fell by 80%. The stock market crash hurt the rich In one day, a person went from rich to poor. In New York City, stockbrokers were jumping out of windows. In the suburbs, men jumped in front of commuter trains. The stock market crash hurt everyone Although less than 1% of the American people owned stocks and shares, the Wall Street crash caused factories to close and massive unemployment. Frederick Lewis Allen, Only Yesterday Ask a student to read this aloud Chapter 13: Crash! The Wall Street Crash, 1929 page 32

20 Lesson #7: Homework on the Internet Homework: Watch the videos on YouTube Class discussion: The stock market crashed. What does that mean? Videos: The Stock Market crash, % were rich They had money on the stock market. 15% were middle class They had money on the stock market. 84% were poor They did not. 1. The Wall Street Crash, 1929 The short version Speculation: When Wall Street disconnected from the real economy. Stocks rose $10 billion higher than their real value The Great Crash An explanation of the causes Over six terrifying, desperate days in October 1929, shares crashed by a third on the New York Stock Exchange. More than 25 billion dollars in individual wealth was lost. Later, three thousand banks failed, taking people's savings with them. Surviving eyewitnesses describe the biggest financial catastrophe in history. There was no government regulation of the stock market. The stock market was a big gambling casino that was rigged by insiders. They got out of the market before the crash. Part 1: Part 2: Part 3: Part 4: Part 5: Part 6: page 33

21 Lesson #8: Homework on the Internet Photos: The Stock Market Crash, 1929 Timeline The Wall Street crash of Chart The business cycle, Eyewitness Account The Wall Street crash, Political cartoons Photos The Wall Street crash, A collection of photos The Wall Street crash, Powerpoint The causes of the stock market crash page 34