LTE. measurement. Clark Lin Application and system support Rohde & Schwarz, Taiwan
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1 LTE Market and LTE RF measurement Cark Lin Appication and system support Rohde & Schwarz, Taiwan
2 Technoogy evoution path 2005/ / / / /2014 GSM/ GPRS EDGE, 200 khz DL: 473 kbps UL: 473 kbps EDGEevo DL: 1.9 Mbps UL: 947 kbps VAMOS Doube Speech Capacity UMTS DL: 2.0 Mbps UL: 2.0 Mbps HSDPA, 5 MHz DL: 14.4 Mbps UL: 2.0 Mbps HSPA+, R7 DL: 28.0 Mbps UL: 11.5 Mbps HSPA+, R8 DL: 42.0 Mbps UL: 11.5 Mbps HSPA+, R9 DL: 84 Mbps UL: 23 Mbps HSPA+, R10 DL: 84 Mbps UL: 23 Mbps HSPA, 5 MHz DL: 14.4 Mbps UL: 5.76 Mbps LTE (4x4), R8+R9, 20MHz DL: 300 Mbps UL: 75 Mbps LTE-Advanced R10 DL: 1 Gbps (ow mobiity) UL: 500 Mbps cdma xEV-DO, Rev MHz DL: 2.4 Mbps UL: 153 kbps 1xEV-DO, Rev. A 1.25 MHz DL: 3.1 Mbps UL: 1.8 Mbps 1xEV-DO, Rev. B 5.0 MHz DL: 14.7 Mbps UL: 4.9 Mbps DO-Advanced DL: 32 Mbps and beyond UL: 12.4 Mbps and beyond Fixed WiMAX scaabe bandwidth MHz typica up to 15 Mbps Mobie WiMAX, e Up to 20 MHz DL: 75 Mbps (2x2) UL: 28 Mbps (1x2) Advanced Mobie WiMAX, m DL: up to 1 Gbps (ow mobiity) UL: up to 100 Mbps Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 2
3 Commercia LTE Networks 26 commercia LTE systems are aunched (09/2011) Verizon (Dec 2010) Teia Sonera (Dec 2009) Vodafone (Dec 2010) Net4Mobiity (Nov 2010) Eisa (Dec 2010) NTTDoCoMo (Dec 2010) MetroPCS (Sept 2010) Mobikom Austria (Oct 2010) CSL (Nov 2010) Mobyand / CenterNet (Sept 2010) MTS/UCe (Juy/August 10) Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 3
4 LTE commercia network - detais Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 4
5 Verizon Wireess 4G LTE Verizon Wireess Launches The Word s Largest 4G LTE Wireess Network On Sunday, Dec. 5, 2010 Verizon 4G LTE is avaiabe in over 117 markets and 98 major airports Pans to two-third of US popuation by mid-year 2012,and cover entire existing nationwide 3G footprint with 4G LTE by end of Verizon Wireess announced that Rohde & Schwarz has been seected to provide test soutions for LTE device certification, Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 5
6 Verizon Wireess 4G LTE Phone Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 6
7 Germany Digita Dividend LTE Broadband Access in rura areas Deutsche Teekom starts nation wide LTE-Depoyment Commerciay aunched their Ca & Surf Comfort via Funk LTE service package in digita dividend (800 MHz) spectrum on Apri 5, Vodafone Germany to depoy LTE network Launched the first rura LTE mobie broadband service across Germany on December 1, Around 1,500 base stations incorporated LTE technoogy by end March 2011, serving thousands of communities. LTE piot ocations have been estabished in Berin. Vodafone pans to eventuay upgrade a base stations in Germany to LTE. Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 7
8 LTE - front runners pushing the wireess industry NTT DOCOMO Launched Japan s first commercia LTE system on December 24, 2010 The company said that voice cas using Xi wi become possibe sometime within the fisca year starting in Apri 2011 Xi service was initiay avaiabe in the Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka areas; other major cities and regions wi foow. China Mobie China Mobie has now aunched arge-scae LTE TDD trias consisting of more than 1,000 base stations in Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Xiamen. Commercia services are expected to aunch in Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 8
9 The LTE eco-system is buiding up LTE FDD and TD-LTE Severa LTE patforms have been announced by device and chipset manufacturers and were demonstrated to carriers and at trade shows Singe mode (LTE) and muti mode (LTE/HSPA) modems are in the market A major infrastructure vendor offer commercia equipment Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 9
10 The LTE eco-system is buiding up LTE FDD and TD-LTE 161 LTE User Devices (Juy 29, 2011) Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 10
11 The LTE eco-system is buiding up LTE FDD and TD-LTE 161 LTE User Devices (Juy 29, 2011) Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 11
12 The LTE eco-system is buiding up LTE FDD and TD-LTE 161 LTE User Devices (Juy 29, 2011) Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 12
13 The LTE eco-system is buiding up LTE FDD and TD-LTE 161 LTE User Devices (Juy 29, 2011) Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 13
14 LTE Technoogy Introduction and LTE RF Measurement
15 Content Introduction of LTE technoogy Test Requirement for LTE LTE RF measurement Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 15
16 Introduction of LTE technoogy Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 16
17 LTE Key Parameter Frequency Range Channe bandwidth 1 Resource Bock (RB) =180 khz Moduation Schemes Mutipe Access MIMO technoogy Peak Data Rate UMTS FDD bands and UMTS TDD bands 1.4 MHz 6 RB Downink Upink Downink Upink Downink Upink Downink Upink 3 MHz 15 RB QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM ( OFDMA (Orthogona Frequency Division Mutipe Access) SC-FDMA (Singe Carrier Frequency Division Mutipe Access) Wide choice of MIMO configuration options for transmit diversity, spatia mutipexing, and cycic deay diversity (max. 4 antennas at base station and handset) Muti-user coaborative MIMO 150 Mbps (UE category 4, 2x2 MIMO, 20 MHz) 300 Mbps (UE category 5, 4x4 MIMO, 20 MHz) 75 Mbps (20 MHz) 5 MHz 25 RB 10 MHz 50 RB optiona for handset) 15 MHz 75 RB 20 MHz 100 RB Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 17
18 LTE UE categories (downink and upink) UE category Maximum number of DL-SCH transport bock bits received within TTI Maximum number of bits of a DL-SCH transport bock received a TTI Tota number of soft channe bits Maximum number of supported ayers for spatia mutipexing in DL ~300 Mbps peak DL data rate for 4x4 MIMO MIMO = Mutipe Input Mutipe Output UL-SCH = Upink Shared Channe DL-SCH = Downink Shared Channe UE = User Equipment TTI = Transmission Time Interva ~150 Mbps peak DL data rate for 2x2 MIMO UE category Maximum number of UL-SCH transport bock bits received within TTI ~75 Mbps peak UL data rate Support 64QAM in UL No No No No Yes Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 18
19 Spectrum fexibiity LTE physica ayer /FDD/TDD) supports any bandwidth from 1.4 to 20 MHz, Current LTE specification supports a subset of 6 different system bandwidths, A UE s can support the maximum bandwidth of 20 MHz, Channe bandwidth BW Channe [MHz] Number of resource bocks Channe Bandwidth [MHz] Transmission Bandwidth Configuration [RB] Channe edge Resource bock Transmission Bandwidth [RB] Channe edge Active Resource Bocks DC carrier (downink ony) Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 19
![bandwidth of 20 MHz, Channe bandwidth BW Channe [MHz] 1.](/docs-images/42/11419114/images/page_19.jpg "4 3 5 10 15 20 Number of resource bocks 6 15 25 50 75 100 Channe Bandwidth [MHz] Transmission Bandwidth Configuration [RB] Channe")
20 LTE/LTE-A Frequency Bands (FDD) E-UTRA Operating Band Upink (UL) operating band BS receive UE transmit F UL_ow 1920 MHz 1850 MHz 1710 MHz 1710 MHz 824 MHz 830 MHz 2500 MHz 880 MHz MHz 1710 MHz MHz 698 MHz 777 MHz 788 MHz 704 MHz 815 MHz 830 MHz 832 MHz MHz 3410 MHz F UL_high MHz 1910 MHz 1785 MHz 1755 MHz 849 MHz 840 MHz 2570 MHz 915 MHz MHz 1770 MHz MHz 716 MHz 787 MHz 798 MHz 716 MHz 830 MHz 845 MHz 862 MHz MHz 3500 MHz Downink (DL) operating band BS transmit UE receive F DL_ow 2110 MHz 1930 MHz 1805 MHz 2110 MHz 869 MHz 875 MHz 2620 MHz 925 MHz MHz 2110 MHz MHz 728 MHz 746 MHz 758 MHz 734 MHz 860 MHz 875 MHz 791 MHz MHz 3510 MHz F DL_high MHz 1990 MHz 1880 MHz 2155 MHz 894MHz 885 MHz 2690 MHz 960 MHz MHz 2170 MHz MHz 746 MHz 756 MHz 768 MHz 746 MHz 875 MHz 890 MHz 821 MHz MHz 3600 MHz Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 20
21 LTE/LTE-A Frequency Bands (FDD) E-UTRA Operating Band Upink (UL) operating band BS receive UE transmit F UL_ow 1920 MHz 1850 MHz 1710 MHz 1710 MHz 824 MHz 830 MHz 2500 MHz 880 MHz MHz 1710 MHz MHz 698 MHz 777 MHz 788 MHz 704 MHz 815 MHz 830 MHz 832 MHz MHz 3410 MHz F UL_high MHz 1910 MHz 1785 MHz 1755 MHz 849 MHz 840 MHz 2570 MHz 915 MHz MHz 1770 MHz MHz 716 MHz 787 MHz 798 MHz 716 MHz 830 MHz 845 MHz 862 MHz MHz 3500 MHz Downink (DL) operating band BS transmit UE receive F DL_ow 2110 MHz 1930 MHz 1805 MHz 2110 MHz 869 MHz 875 MHz 2620 MHz 925 MHz MHz 2110 MHz MHz 728 MHz 746 MHz 758 MHz 734 MHz 860 MHz 875 MHz 791 MHz MHz 3510 MHz F DL_high MHz 1990 MHz 1880 MHz 2155 MHz 894MHz 885 MHz 2690 MHz 960 MHz MHz 2170 MHz MHz 746 MHz 756 MHz 768 MHz 746 MHz 875 MHz 890 MHz 821 MHz MHz 3600 MHz Prioritized GCF frequency bands for LTE Japan, (Europe) Europe, (Asia) US Asia Europe US Verizon Europe Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 21
22 LTE/LTE-A Frequency Bands (FDD) E-UTRA Operating Band Upink (UL) operating band BS receive UE transmit F UL_ow 1920 MHz 1850 MHz 1710 MHz 1710 MHz 824 MHz 830 MHz 2500 MHz 880 MHz MHz 1710 MHz MHz 698 MHz 777 MHz 788 MHz 704 MHz 815 MHz 830 MHz 832 MHz MHz 3410 MHz F UL_high MHz 1910 MHz 1785 MHz 1755 MHz 849 MHz 840 MHz 2570 MHz 915 MHz MHz 1770 MHz MHz 716 MHz 787 MHz 798 MHz 716 MHz 830 MHz 845 MHz 862 MHz MHz 3500 MHz Downink (DL) operating band BS transmit UE receive F DL_ow 2110 MHz 1930 MHz 1805 MHz 2110 MHz 869 MHz 875 MHz 2620 MHz 925 MHz MHz 2110 MHz MHz 728 MHz 746 MHz 758 MHz 734 MHz 860 MHz 875 MHz 791 MHz MHz 3510 MHz F DL_high MHz 1990 MHz 1880 MHz 2155 MHz 894MHz 885 MHz 2690 MHz 960 MHz MHz 2170 MHz MHz 746 MHz 756 MHz 768 MHz 746 MHz 875 MHz 890 MHz 821 MHz MHz 3600 MHz Prioritized PTCRB frequency bands for LTE US, Sprint US, Metro PCS Asia US, Europe US US Verizon US US AT&T Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 22
23 LTE/LTE-A Frequency Bands (TDD) E-UTRA Operating Band Upink (UL) operating band BS receive UE transmit F UL_ow F UL_high Downink (DL) operating band BS transmit UE receive F DL_ow F DL_high MHz 1920 MHz 1900 MHz 1920 MHz MHz 2025 MHz 2010 MHz 2025 MHz MHz 1910 MHz 1850 MHz 1910 MHz MHz 1990 MHz 1930 MHz 1990 MHz MHz 1930 MHz 1910 MHz 1930 MHz MHz 2620 MHz 2570 MHz 2620 MHz MHz 1920 MHz 1880 MHz 1920 MHz MHz 2400 MHz 2300 MHz 2400 MHz MHz 2690 MHz 2496 MHz 2690 MHz MHz 3600 MHz 3400 MHz 3600 MHz MHz 3800 MHz 3600 MHz 3800 MHz Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 23
24 LTE/LTE-A Frequency Bands (TDD) E-UTRA Operating Band Upink (UL) operating band BS receive UE transmit F UL_ow F UL_high Downink (DL) operating band BS transmit UE receive F DL_ow F DL_high GCF prioritized frequency bands for LTE MHz 1920 MHz 1900 MHz 1920 MHz MHz 2025 MHz 2010 MHz 2025 MHz MHz 1910 MHz 1850 MHz 1910 MHz MHz 1990 MHz 1930 MHz 1990 MHz MHz 1930 MHz 1910 MHz 1930 MHz MHz 2620 MHz 2570 MHz 2620 MHz Europe, China MHz 1920 MHz 1880 MHz 1920 MHz MHz 2400 MHz 2300 MHz 2400 MHz China MHz 2690 MHz 2496 MHz 2690 MHz MHz 3600 MHz 3400 MHz 3600 MHz MHz 3800 MHz 3600 MHz 3800 MHz Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 24
25 Test Requirement for LTE Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 25
26 3GPP LTE Performance and Test Specifications Performance Specifications: TS User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception TS Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception TS Requirements for support of radio resource management (RRM) Test Specifications BS: TS Base Station (BS) conformance testing Test Specifications UE: TS (TX/RX/Performance requirements) Chapter 6 and 7 covers both FDD and TDD. Section 8 covers performance requirement test cases. The structure foows the structure of TS and separate FDD and TDD test case. TS (RRM) Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 26
27 Test Requirement Basicay, test criteria of LTE UE foows TS User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception TS User Equipment (UE) conformance specification Radio transmission and reception Part 1: Conformance Testing Test items scope Transmitter Receiver Performance Channe State Information Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 27
28 Transmitter Characteristic Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 28
29 Transmitter Characteristic Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 29
30 Transmitter Characteristic Transmitter Characteristics Adjacent Channe Leakage Ratio Minimum requirement E-UTRA Minimum requirements UTRA Additiona ACLR requirements Spurious emissions Spurious emission band UE co-existence Additiona spurious emissions Minimum requirement (network signaed vaue "NS_05") Minimum requirement (network signaed vaue NS_07 ) Minimum requirement (network signaed vaue NS_[08] ) 6.7 Transmit intermoduation Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 30
31 Receiver Characteristic Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 31
32 R&S CMW500 Wideband Radio Communication Tester LTE RF Testing
33 Measurements as usua? No! Muti-evauation measurement for LTE FDD/TDD Moduation Resource Aocation Tabe Power, power contro Spectrum Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 33
34 Detais LTE FDD and TD-LTE muti evauation Tx measurements KM500, KM550 Supported measurements Moduation (see 3GPP TS x) EVM vs. sub-carrier EVM, Magnitude error and Phase error vs. SC-FDMA Symbo EVM, Magnitude error and Phase error per sot Frequency Error IQ Origin Offset Spectrum fatness IQ Consteation diagram Inband emissions Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 34
35 Spectra fatness Nomina subcarriers Ampitude Equaizer coefficients Equaized subcarriers f f 0 f 1 f 2 f 3 Integration of a Ampitude Equaizer Coefficients to dispay spectra fatness curve Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 35
36 Spectra fatness Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 36
37 EVM vs. subcarrier Nomina subcarriers Each subcarrier Moduated with e.g. QPSK f 0 f 1 f 2 f 3 Limits: BPSK+QPSK (17.5%), 16QAM (12.5%), 64QAM (tbd) f Integration of a Error Vectors to Dispay EVM curve Error vector.... Error vector Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 37
38 EVM vs. subcarrier Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 38
39 Impact on Tx moduation accuracy evauation 3 moduation accuracy requirements EVM for the aocated RBs LO eakage for the centered RBs I/Q imbaance in the image RBs Power eve Frequency error f = ±0.1ppm+15Hz RF carrier IQ component RB 0 RB 1 RB N-1 RB N frequency EVM, Spectrum fatness In-band emissions Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 39
40 In-band emissions measurement Estimate the interference to non-aocated resource bocks, as the UE shares transmission bandwidth with other UE s, 3 types of in-band emissions: genera, DC image and IQ image. Channe bandwidth (e.g. 20 MHz = 100 RB) Used aocation < ½ channe bandwidth Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 40
41 Moduation quaity: Consteation diagram LTE PUSCH uses QPSK, 16QAM and 64 QAM moduation schemes. In UL there is ony 1 scheme aowed per subframe Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 41
42 Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) EVM vs. symbo 1 Time Sot = 0.5 ms 7 SC-FDMA symbos (norma Cycic Prefix (CP)) 1 SC-FDMA symbo Time 1 subframe = 1 ms [minimum Transmit Time Interva (TTI)] Frequency Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 42
43 Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) EVM vs. Symbo How is this EVM measured? EVM ow EVM high Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 43
44 Detais LTE FDD and TD-LTE muti evauation Tx measurements KM500, KM550 Supported measurements Power Peak Power (dispayed in moduation measurements) RB (recourse bock) Power (dispayed in Inband Emission meas.) Transmit Power (dispayed in moduation and SEM meas.) Power vs. Subframe Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 44
45 Tx power aspects RB power = Ressource Bock Power, power of 1 RB TX power = integrated power of a assigned RBs TX power vaue corresponds to the maximum UE output power depending on the settings! Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 45
46 Power vs. Subframe Basicay power vs. Time measurement Power can change on TTI base (Subframe base) Anayse upink power distribution Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 46
47 Detais LTE FDD and TD-LTE muti evauation Tx measurements KM500, KM550 Supported measurements Spectrum (see 3GPP TS x) Adjacent Channe Power (ACP) Occupied Bandwidth (OBW) Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 47
48 Output RF spectrum emissions SEM ACLR From moduation process Harmonics, parasitc emissions, intermoduation and frequency conversion Spurious domain Δf OOB Channe bandwidth Δf OOB Spurious domain RB E-UTRA Band Worst case: Resource Bocks aocated up to/at channe edge Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 48
49 LTE ACLR requirements UTRA ACLR 1+2 two 3G neighbors 5MHz each EUTRA ACLR one LTE neighbor up to 20MHz EUTRA measured with rectanguar fiter WCDMA measured with RRC fiter Δf OOB E-UTRA channe E-UTRA ACLR1 UTRA ACLR2 UTRA ACLR1 RB Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 49
50 Adjacent Channe Leakage Ratio, ACLR Active LTE carrier, 20MHz BW 1 adjacent LTE carrier, 20MHz BW 2 adjacent WCDMA carriers, 5MHz BW Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 50
51 Spectrum Emission Mask, SEM OBW: Occupied bandwidth, defined as 99% of power specta density SEM: Spectrum Emission Mask, measured with different resoution bandwidth, 1 MHz (away from carrier) or 30 khz (cose to carrier) RBW 99% 1 MHz RBW 30 khz RBW Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 51
52 SEM imit definition Limits depend on channe bandwidth Spectrum emission imit (dbm)/ Channe bandwidth Δf OOB (MHz) 1.4 MH z 3.0 M Hz 5 M Hz 10 M Hz 15 M Hz 20 M Hz Measurement bandwidth ± khz ± MHz Limits dependent on offset from assigned BW ± ± 5-6 ± 6-10 ± ± MHz 1 MHz 1 MHz 1 MHz 1 MHz ± MHz Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 52
53 Additiona measurement RB aocation tabe frequency Subcarrier spacing = 15 khz UE3 UE2 UE6 UE5 UE4 QPSK, 16QAM or 64QAM moduation UE1 time 1 resource bock = 180 khz = 12 subcarriers *TTI = transmission time interva ** For norma cycic prefix duration 1 sot = 0.5 ms = 7 SC-FDMA symbos** 1 subframe = 2 sots = 1ms= 1 TTI* Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 53
54 Additiona measurement RB aocation tabe frequency 20MHz channe BW = 100 RBs max Recource Bock aocation UL recource bock aocation can change fexibe over time Depending on scheduing E.g. used RMC settings time Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 54
55 Detais LTE FDD signaing Rx Measurements Rx Measurements Counting ACKnowedgement (ACK) NonACKnowedgement (NACK) Cacuating BLER (NACK/ALL) Throughput [kbps] Fexibiity Change paramters directy the measurement on the fy Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 55
56 RX sensitivity eve Criterion: throughput sha be > 95% of possibe maximum (depend on RMC) E-UTRA MHz (dbm) MHz (dbm) Channe bandwidth 5 MHz (dbm) MHz (dbm) Sensitivity depends on band, channe bandwidth and RMC under test 15 MHz (dbm) MHz (dbm) Dupex Mode FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD Extract from TS Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 56
57 CMW500 LTE CMWrun CMWrun CMW-KT055 aows automated test of supported test cases Automaticay takes care about the 3GPP V9.5.0 depending on instaed SW version Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 57
58 Auguest 2011 LTE Market View 58
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