Electricity Price Comparison. Namibia Manufacturers Association (NMA)
|
|
- Darcy Wesley Leonard
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Electricity Price Comparison December 2012 Submitted to: Namibia Manufacturers Association (NMA) P O Box Windhoek Namibia Tel +264 (0) Fax +264 (0) Submitted by: EMCON (Pty) Ltd P O Box 1900 Windhoek Namibia Tel +264 (0) Fax +264 (0) uli@emcongroup.com
2 Contents 1 INTRODUCTION HOW ELECTRICITY TARIFFS ARE DERIVED IN NAMIBIA APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY Approach Assumptions / Limitations / Notes BACKGROUND NamPower Trend General Electricity Price Developments in Namibia Domestic vs Commercial Prices KEY FINDINGS The Tariffs Comparing Namibia to its Neighbours Development Over Time Comparing Different Areas in Namibia ADDITIONAL ISSUES Access Charges vs Demand Charges Future Electricity Pricing Outlook CONCLUSIONS POSSIBLE NMA ACTIONS ANNEX: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY PRICING TERMINOLOGY Cost Reflectivity Tariff Structure and Charges Tariff Level Pricing Signals Average Energy Cost Load Factor November 2012 Page 2 of 21
3 Figures Figure 1: The Namibian ESI Structure... 4 Figure 2: Typical Daily Load Curve... 5 Figure 3: Electricity Price Build-up... 7 Figure 4: Electricity Price Composition... 7 Figure 5: NamPower Average Price... 9 Figure 6: Namibia Electricity Sourcing Figure 7: Namibia Electricity Price Development Figure 8: Commercial vs Residential Tariffs in Namibia Figure 9: Commercial vs Residential Tariffs in RSA Figure 10: Electricity Tariffs Figure 11: Average Electricity Cost for Different Consumers Figure 12: Average Electricity Cost Windhoek vs Johannesburg Figure 13: Fixed Cost / Total Bill Figure 14: Average Price Difference between ZA and NA Figure 15: Average Commercial Price Development Figure 16: Fixed Charges vs Total Bill Figure 17: Commercial Electricity Cost per Area in Namibia Figure 18: Demand Charges per Area in Namibia Figure 19: TOU High Season Rates Figure 20: TOU Low Season Rates November 2012 Page 3 of 21
4 1 INTRODUCTION The NMA has approached EMCON in 2004 to conduct an electricity price comparison between Namibian and South African municipalities. Updates to this analysis were done in 2007 and This present report updates the 2011 report and draws some comparisons to the status quo in 2004, 2007 and HOW ELECTRICITY TARIFFS ARE DERIVED IN NAMIBIA In Namibia the electricity industry is regulated by the Electricity Control Board (ECB). The ECB functions under the Electricity Act of 2007 and within national energy policies as developed by the Ministry of Mines and Energy. All participants in the electricity industry have to obtain licenses for their activities from the Minister of Mines and Energy, and are referred to as licensees. Figure 1 below illustrates the structure of the Namibian electricity supply industry (ESI): Figure 1: The Namibian ESI Structure The flow of electricity in Figure 1 is from left to right. Electricity has to be generated (produced) somewhere, either by generators in Namibia or by generators outside Namibia from where electricity is imported. In Namibia NamPower currently does November 2012 Page 4 of 21
5 Proportion of Average Daily Peak NMA Electricity Cost Comparison almost all generation of electricity, and NamPower is also responsible for import, export and trading of electricity. The final compound generation price of electricity is a mix of the costs of the various generators and import sources. This generation price varies from hour to hour and from day to day as demand rises and falls and different generators are called upon to fulfil the demand. Figure 2 shows how the demand for electricity in Namibia varies during a typical day: Figure 2: Typical Daily Load Curve 1.00 Daily Load Pattern - All Observations All Load Meters Time of Day The main implications from Figure 2 are as follows: Some generators can run throughout the day and night to fulfil some 60% of peak demand. These are called base load generators and usually have the lowest running cost because their fixed costs can be recovered over many running hours, they usually run on the lowest cost fuels and have the highest fuel efficiency; Some generators must run mostly during the day but not at night. These are called mid merit generators and usually have a higher cost than the base load generators, partly because their fixed cost must be recovered over less running hours than base load generators and partly because they often run on more expensive fuels (and at lower fuel efficiency) than base load generators; and Some generators run only for one or two hours per day, usually in the early evening to fulfil the daily peak at that time. These are called peaking generators and usually have the highest cost because their fixed costs must be recovered from very few running hours and they often run on the most expensive fuels and at the lowest fuel efficiency. The differing generation costs at different times lead to the term time-of-use and are the main reason for having time-of-use energy tariffs. The main cost components for sourcing electricity in Namibia are: November 2012 Page 5 of 21
6 The fixed costs related to paying for the generator assets; The cost of fuel used by the generators; The operating and maintenance costs of running the generators; and The cost of imports of electricity. Once the electricity has been generated it needs to be transported from the place of generation to the places of consumption. This transport process is divided into two parts namely transmission and distribution. Transmission is the long distance transport, usually at very high voltages, and distribution is the transport from the nearest transmission end point to the consumers premises. In Namibia transmission is done exclusively by NamPower. Namibia has a very long transmission network in order to cover all areas of the country. Consumption of electricity in Namibia is low in relation to the extent of the transmission network, leading to a high cost of transmission relative to countries with a higher population density. The cost of transmitting electricity in Namibia is made up of two main components: The fixed costs related to paying for the transmission network assets; and The operating and maintenance costs of running the transmission network. In Namibia the compound cost of generating, importing and transmitting electricity results in NamPower s so called price for bulk electricity. Some large end consumers buy directly from NamPower at this bulk price, and the distributors also buy their electricity from NamPower at this bulk price. When referring to NamPower price increases this bulk price of electricity is referred to. Most end consumers are affected by this price only through their electricity distributors, which add their own costs before selling to the end consumer. Distribution of electricity in Namibia is done mostly by three regional electricity distributors (REDs) plus a number of local and regional authorities as well as NamPower distribution in areas where no REDs have been formed. Within the RED areas the local and regional authorities are no longer involved in the distribution of electricity (however many of them receive a local authority surcharge (LAS) on electricity sold in their area, which is effectively a local authority tax. Levels of this tax vary significantly between areas.). The cost of distributing electricity in Namibia is made up of four main components: The fixed costs related to paying for the distribution network assets; The operating and maintenance costs of running the distribution network; The cost of providing customer services to consumers; and Local authority surcharge. To arrive at an end consumer price for electricity the generation, transmission and distribution costs must be added up. This is illustrated in Figure 3 below: November 2012 Page 6 of 21
7 Figure 3: Electricity Price Build-up Consumer End Consumer Tariff LA Surcharge Distribution Customer Service Cost Operating Cost Asset Cost NamPower Bulk Tariff + Transmission Operating Cost Asset Cost + Imports Cost Generation Fuel Cost Operating Cost Asset Cost Typically between one half to two thirds of the end consumer price is made up of generation and transmission costs over which the distributor has little or no control. Figure 4 shows the estimated contributions that each sector makes to the final price of electricity in Namibia in 2012/13: Figure 4: Electricity Price Composition November 2012 Page 7 of 21
8 The ECB is responsible for regulating electricity prices. Their control applies equally to the NamPower bulk price and the end consumer price. The ECB has established tariff determination methodologies for all sectors of the electricity industry. This implies that NamPower and the distributors have to approach the ECB when they wish to increase their tariffs. This normally happens once a year in sync with the financial year of the utilities which runs from July of one year to June of the following year. In the tariff review process it is the licensees responsibility to present to the ECB its cost forecast and propose tariffs which are designed to recover these costs from the consumer. It is the ECB s duty to review the costs presented by the licensee to make sure that these costs are reasonable and justifiable. The ECB also reviews the proposed tariffs to ensure fairness and avoid unreasonable tariff changes. This review process may take two or three rounds before final costs and tariffs are approved. It is primarily the licensees responsibility to communicate with its customers during this process and once tariffs have been approved. Customer concerns and views should be incorporated into the tariff design submitted to the ECB by the licensee. 3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY This section briefly explains our approach to this assignment. 3.1 APPROACH We have collected electricity tariffs from a number of RSA and Namibian electricity distributors valid for 2012 to The RSA entities are a mix between the largest cities and some smaller places which are more comparable in size to the Namibian municipalities. For Namibia we have included the NamPower Distribution tariffs for comparative purposes. We have also included the tariffs charged by City of Windhoek, NORED Electricity, Erongo RED (Walvis Bay) and CENORED (Tsumeb). Swakopmund and Otjiwarongo have been omitted from this update because they have the same tariffs as Walvis Bay and Tsumeb respectively. We have also included data on Botswana. We have used the same NMA member consumption data collected in 2004, updated in 2011 with two NMA members who are on time of use tariffs. We have compiled the above data into a spreadsheet and calculated the total electricity bill for all the sample consumers if they were supplied by each of the municipalities. 3.2 ASSUMPTIONS / LIMITATIONS / NOTES NamPower when used in the figures and compared to other distributors means NamPower Distribution, NOT NamPower Transmission. NamPower Transmission is referred to as NamPower TX. Some distributors do not have time of use tariffs or no flat tariffs. For this reason the non-time of use consumers could not be modelled on some places. Some of the RSA tariff sheets lacked information on how the tariffs are applied. We have used our discretion to use the most likely applicable tariff options and charges. Where seasonal rates are used we have computed a weighted average and recorded it as a flat tariff. The tariffs in Botswana are low compared to RSA and Namibia. However essentially the utility company in Botswana is facing financial difficulties as a result of this, and power blackouts are regular and widespread. The Botswana data is still provided for information, but must not be regarded as a reasonable comparator. November 2012 Page 8 of 21
9 The consumers modelled in this analysis have certain unique usage profiles. These profiles may not be universally representative of members of NMA and are certainly not representative of all consumers served by the electricity distributors. Therefore the results shown in the present report may not apply equally to all NMA members and can certainly not be used to make statements about general price increases in the electricity industry. 4 BACKGROUND 4.1 NAMPOWER TREND Figure 5: NamPower Average Price 1 The above figure shows the development of NamPower s revenue per kwh sold (derived from NamPower s annual reports). This shows that since 1995 the bulk electricity price has gone up by a factor of more than 5 and since 2004 it has more than doubled. It is also evident that the rate of increase has been higher in the last few years than in the decade before. All electricity distributors (from whom the NMA members buy their electricity) buy their bulk electricity from NamPower. Usually the bulk electricity cost makes up between 50% to 70% of a distributor s cost. 1 The years in this chart refer to NamPower s financial year ending in June of the referenced year, i.e applies to NamPower s 2010/2011 financial year. The figures for 2011/12 are not yet publicly available at time of writing. Data source is the NamPower annual reports. November 2012 Page 9 of 21
10 Figure 6: Namibia Electricity Sourcing One key factor influencing NamPower price development is the demand growth experienced in the last decade, coupled with increasing reliance on imports of electricity which carry sharply increasing costs. Although the growth curve has slowed from 2008 it has picked up again with the new mines being developed in Namibia. Most growth in electricity demand in Namibia now has to be supplied from imports (because little additional generating capacity has been developed in Namibia). If those imports happen at peak or standard times (in TOU terms) then they often carry high prices, which in turn drives up the average cost of bulk electricity in the country. The additional turbine being installed at Ruacana will help provide power at peak times at a more reasonable rate, and the new diesel power station in Walvis Bay will also help provide power at peak times (although at a fairly high cost). Despite these initiatives by NamPower the role of imports will be big until a larger base load power station is built in Namibia. 4.2 GENERAL ELECTRICITY PRICE DEVELOPMENTS IN NAMIBIA Figure 7: Namibia Electricity Price Development November 2012 Page 10 of 21
11 Figure 7 above shows the electricity price index since 2006/7 per distribution area. It shows that for all areas except NORED the price has more than doubled since 2006/7. During the same time the NamPower price has increased by a factor of about DOMESTIC VS COMMERCIAL PRICES Figure 8: Commercial vs Residential Tariffs in Namibia Figure 8 shows the difference between commercial (large power user) and domestic tariffs in the sample of Namibian distributors. In Namibia the residential tariffs are higher than the commercial tariffs except for Tsumeb (CENORED) and Oshakati. The residential tariff used as reference is the prepaid tariff applicable at 500kWh/month. Generally the difference between the commercial and domestic tariffs in Namibia is not huge. Figure 9: Commercial vs Residential Tariffs in RSA Figure 9 shows the difference between large power user and domestic tariffs in South Africa. As in Namibia the difference between commercial and domestic tariffs is not large. November 2012 Page 11 of 21
12 5 KEY FINDINGS 5.1 THE TARIFFS The table below shows the tariffs of the various Namibian and RSA distributors that we have obtained. Figure 10: Electricity Tariffs Large Power User Tariff Basic N$/month Demand N$/kVA/ month Access N$/kVA/ month Non-TOU Energy c/kwh Energy Hi Peak Energy Hi Standard Energy Hi Off-peak Energy Lo Peak Energy Lo Standard Energy Lo Off-peak Citypower JHB Port Elizabeth Bloemfontein Kimberley Potchefstroom Eskom Demand Access Windhoek Walvis Bay Tsumeb Oshakati NORED NamPower Botswana From the above table one can make the following observations: Demand charges in RSA are no longer necessarily lower than in Namibia. Energy charges in RSA are generally lower than Namibia, however not in all cases. Demand charges vary substantially between distributors, both in RSA and Namibia Electricity tariffs in Botswana are lower than those in both RSA and Namibia (although the demand charge has risen to a comparable level). 5.2 COMPARING NAMIBIA TO ITS NEIGHBOURS The figure below shows the average monthly electricity bill that would be experienced by the six sample consumers if they were supplied by the selected South African or Namibian distributors or by BPC. The load factor for the sample consumers is also shown on the chart to illustrate the effect that load factor can have on average electricity cost. Load 2 factor is a measure of the utilisation of purchased capacity (maximum demand). 2 See section 9.6 for a definition. November 2012 Page 12 of 21
13 Figure 11: Average Electricity Cost for Different Consumers A low load factor (low utilisation of capacity) has a large detrimental effect on the average cost of electricity, as illustrated by the sample consumer Non-TOU 2. The bill in Namibia is higher than in RSA and in Botswana for all cases. Figure 12: Average Electricity Cost Windhoek vs Johannesburg Using tariff data for Windhoek and Johannesburg only (instead of country averages) reveals almost equal costs on TOU while the gap on most other consumers is smaller than when using the country averages. November 2012 Page 13 of 21
14 Figure 13: Fixed Cost / Total Bill Looking at fixed cost as portion of the total bill reveals that in Namibia and South Africa the fixed part of the bill is roughly the same, and both are much less than in Botswana. Up to three quarters of the electricity bill is for energy consumed, which in turn implies a high incentive for energy efficiency (i.e. to reduce the bill by using less energy where possible). Those consumers with low load factors (non-tou 2 and 4) have a higher fixed component to their bill because they use relatively little energy compared to the capacity they have available. 5.3 DEVELOPMENT OVER TIME Figure 14: Average Price Difference between ZA and NA The price differential between Namibia and RSA has decreased sharply since Currently the average Namibian price is only about 25% higher than in South Africa whereas it was 70% higher five years ago. There has not been much change since November 2012 Page 14 of 21
15 Figure 15: Average Commercial Price Development Since 2004 the average electricity cost for commercial consumers has more than doubled in Namibia. In South Africa and Botswana it has also more than doubled, although the price in Botswana is still little more than half of that in Namibia. Figure 16: Fixed Charges vs Total Bill The percentage of the average electricity bill coming from fixed charges (demand, access and basic charges) in Namibia has decreased from 50% in 2004 to around 30% in In South Africa it has also decreased by about the same percentage. In Namibia a small increase can be seen from 2011 to 2012, because fixed charges were increased about as much as energy charges. In previous years energy charges were increased more than fixed charges. The reduced fixed part of the bill and rising energy prices present an increasing opportunity for energy efficiency, since energy saved now has a much more pronounced effect on the total bill than before. Managing demand is however also still important as wasted capacity is still expensive. November 2012 Page 15 of 21
16 5.4 COMPARING DIFFERENT AREAS IN NAMIBIA The analysis computes the average electricity bill for the six sample NMA members for different areas in Namibia. Figure 17: Commercial Electricity Cost per Area in Namibia From the above it is clear that CENORED s commercial tariffs are still significantly higher than the other areas that have been investigated, however the gap has decreased since Most other areas have roughly the same level of average cost with the exception of Oshakati which lies between CENORED and the rest. Figure 18: Demand Charges 3 per Area in Namibia The demand charges in Erongo RED and CENORED and Oshakati are markedly higher than those in most other areas. Notably Windhoek s demand charges are extremely low. 3 Demand and Access charges are added here, which is a simplification since in practice they are not just added up. The above picture would therefore be true only for consumers with a very flat load profile over the year. Actual demand plus access charges paid by most consumers will be less than the illustrated value. November 2012 Page 16 of 21
17 Figure 19: TOU 4 High Season Rates The pattern of high season time-of-use charges is similar for most areas in Namibia. The only notable exception is Windhoek which has a very high peak energy rate while it has a very low off-peak rate. This means that consumers on TOU are hard hit in Windhoek during the months of June through August (high demand season). This is a trend already observed in 2011, but has reduced in severity this year. It is expected that within one to two years Windhoek will align with the other areas in this regard. Figure 20: TOU Low Season Rates Looking at the low season rates it is only NORED which is slightly out of line with a lower off-peak rate. During most of the year therefore Windhoek s consumers will not face the high peak rate which applies during the winter months. 4 Hi-P = Peak, Hi-S = Standard, Hi-O = Off-Peak. High season is June through August. Low season is the rest of the year. November 2012 Page 17 of 21
18 6 ADDITIONAL ISSUES 6.1 ACCESS CHARGES VS DEMAND CHARGES Erongo RED is still the only distributor to have followed NamPower s lead of splitting the old demand charges into network access charges and new (reduced) demand charges. Network access charges are charged on the highest demand taken in the last 12 months while demand charges are charged on the demand taken in a given month. This brings some relief to consumers with varying demand. In comparison with 2011 Erongo RED has only increased its demand charge and left the network access charge constant. This favours consumers with varying demand, and it is our understanding that this has been done with the seasonal consumers in Walvis Bay in mind. 6.2 FUTURE ELECTRICITY PRICING OUTLOOK The Southern African region is still in the middle of an electricity supply crisis. Eskom in RSA has run out of the excess capacity that has for many years supplied cheap electricity to the Region (cheap when compared to international electricity prices). Eskom is likely to keep getting high tariff increases for some years into the future, and this will be reflected also in distribution tariffs for that country. In Namibia this trend has to some extent been mitigated by Ruacana power station which produces at a cost much lower than other local power stations or most imports, but nevertheless NamPower has received tariff increase of more than 15% per year for some years. This trend is expected to continue or get worse over the coming three to four years as demand in Namibia is expected to grow and the additional energy required will come at a high price, driving up the average cost of electricity. The cost of any new power stations to be built will inevitably be higher than the current generation mix, and will push prices up further. The benefit will however (hopefully) be stable power supply. In most areas of Namibia the electricity distributors have reached cost reflectivity 5, and therefore their tariff increases should generally be lower than NamPower s (because up to two thirds of their cost is the NamPower bill and the other third depends largely on inflation which is generally lower than NamPower s price increase). The largest distributors tariff increases in 2012 are all below the increase granted to NamPower. This trend is expected to continue in most areas. 7 CONCLUSIONS We make the following conclusions from the above analysis: The price margin between Namibia and South Africa has remained almost since 2011 at around 25%. Within Namibia significant differences in price levels are observed (see Figure 17). Of the distributors sampled CENORED has the highest prices, for commercial consumers up to 40% higher than other urban areas. The reasons behind this are many, but for energy intensive consumers this makes the CENORED area unattractive. Between the other urban areas sampled the difference in price is relatively small. In general energy intensive commercial consumers are advised to locate in one of the larger towns. Areas currently served by NamPower Distribution (such as the plots north of Windhoek) are also attractive; however it is likely that NamPower Distribution may be absorbed into REDs or into local authorities at some point in the future (negotiations are currently under way for City of Windhoek 5 See section 9.1 for more information. November 2012 Page 18 of 21
19 to take over the electricity supply in the Brakwater, Nubuamis and Döbra areas from NamPower). It is therefore not clear how long the advantage of NamPower Distribution s lower tariffs will be sustained. Demand charges vary between distributors in Namibia (see Figure 18), with Windhoek s being very low and Erongo RED and CENORED being high. This is to some extent offset by higher energy rates in places with low demand charges (for example Windhoek s high peak energy rate). High demand charges are unattractive to consumers with a peaky load profile, i.e. who consume less energy compared to their maximum demand. However at the end of the day it is the combination of demand and energy cost that counts. Over time the difference between areas is expected to decrease as tariffs are harmonised. Many distributors have by now introduced time-of-use tariffs, which offer an opportunity to shift consumption to lower priced times. The slope from peak to off-peak energy rates is similar for all distributors except Windhoek in high demand season (see Figure 19). The differential between the three time slots clearly indicates how much can be saved by moving energy use to standard or offpeak periods. Energy rates have increased more than demand and fixed rates for the past number of years, but this has changed between 2012 and 2012 where both were increased almost equally. This still presents an opportunity for energy efficiency to reduce energy consumption. 8 POSSIBLE NMA ACTIONS The following are possible actions emanating from the above that the NMA and/or its members could consider: NMA should advise its members (specifically in Windhoek, but also elsewhere) to monitor their electricity bills closely during and shortly after implementation of TOU tariffs by their electricity suppliers. To our knowledge there have been many teething problems, and consumers should make sure that they are billed correctly. All consumers should review their demand or capacity taken from the electricity supplier and consider whether reductions in demand are possible while maintaining production. Despite their decreasing role in the overall electricity bill they still pose a significant cost. All consumers should continue to budget for electricity tariff increases in the range between 10% and 15% per annum. Some areas and/or tariff categories may increase even more than this. The NMA should continue and expand its dialogue with electricity distributors to inform the NMA members early of pending tariff increases and changes in tariff structures and take NMA concerns into account when devising tariffs. November 2012 Page 19 of 21
20 9 ANNEX: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY PRICING TERMINOLOGY 9.1 COST REFLECTIVITY The electricity tariff methodology adopted by the Electricity Control Board (ECB) embraces the key principle of cost reflectivity. This implies that the price paid by the consumer should relate to the actual cost of producing and transporting the electricity as closely as possible, both in terms of tariff level and tariff structure. An electricity licensee is considered to have reached cost reflectivity when its projected revenue from tariffs would meet all its projected costs in full. Licensees who have not reached cost reflectivity usually require higher tariff increases than those who are cost reflective because they need to reach cost reflectivity. Specific events can also influence the cost reflectivity of a licensee. For example Erongo RED was nearly cost reflective before it needed to incur huge costs for upgrading its supply capacity from NamPower for the central coast. Recovery of these additional costs has caused Erongo RED to be less than cost reflective again and has resulted in continued high tariff increases. 9.2 TARIFF STRUCTURE AND CHARGES Tariff structure refers to the various tariff charges / components levied on the consumer: Basic charges are fixed charges per consumer per month theoretically they should reflect the fixed network costs to connect the customer as well as monthly administrative costs associated with providing customer service, meter reading and billing. Capacity charges are charges per Amp or kva at which the installation is rated (contractual supply capacity) per month. Theoretically this should relate to the cost of the local installation supplying the consumer, plus administrative monthly costs. In some cases the capacity charge is called basic charge (but is differentiated by circuit breaker rating, making it a capacity charge). Energy charges are charges for energy consumed, i.e. per kwh. This should relate to the cost of generation, i.e. producing the electrical energy. Demand charges are charged for the highest half hourly maximum demand consumed by the customer. This should relate to the transmission and distribution network cost, i.e. the cost of transporting the energy to the consumer as well as the fixed component of electricity production. 9.3 TARIFF LEVEL The tariff level relates to the amount of money charged for each of the tariff charges. This should relate to the true costs attached to each tariff charge. In practice it is impossible to make tariffs reflect the true costs 100% in the tariff structure and level. Some tariff components therefore over-recover while some under-recover in relation to true costs. This is unavoidable, but it is the responsibility of the electricity supplier to manage this carefully and responsibly in the interest of the financial health of the supplier as well as the consumer. The function of the ECB is to regulate tariffs and to ensure that consumers are protected while suppliers must be viable and cost reflective. November 2012 Page 20 of 21
STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT REPORT ON NAMIBIA S INDUSTRIALISATION ENVIRONMENT Final Report: 4 August 1999 D ENERGY INDICATORS
D ENERGY INDICATORS Energy is a broad input into human settlements and activities. It is strongly linked to a nation s GDP. Energy indicators provide a measure of efficiency and sustainability in production
More informationCommittee on the Northern Territory s Energy Future. Electricity Pricing Options. Submission from Power and Water Corporation
Committee on the Northern Territory s Energy Future Electricity Pricing Options Submission from Power and Water Corporation October 2014 Power and Water Corporation 1. INTRODUCTION On 21 August 2014, the
More informationCOMPARISON OF PROPOSED TARIFFS
COMPAISON OF POPOSED TAIFFS WITH EFFECT FOM 1 JULY 2012 SCHEDULE 1 ELECTICITY 1. Domestic residential indigent consumers These tariffs are applicable to all residential indigent consumers with an ampere
More informationNetwork Price List (excludes GST)
Network Price List (excludes GST) Effective from 1 July 2007 Monthly Monthly Monthly Network Network Network Energy Rates Step Rates Demand Capacity Capacity Price Network Price DLF Access Rates Rates
More informationMonitoring your Energy Bills in Your Business
Fact Sheet #2 Monitoring your Energy Bills in Your Business In this fact sheet you will discover: What to look for on your energy bills to indentify problems and reduce costs. How to monitor and track
More informationWhich? Analysis Energy Wholesale Costs and Retail Prices
Which? Analysis Energy Wholesale Costs and Retail Prices Summary There has been much debate about whether competition in the energy market is sufficient to incentivise suppliers to properly reflect reductions
More informationREVISED CONSUMPTIVE TARIFFS, RATES AND BASIC CHARGES FOR ELECTRICITY SERVICES, WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICES
ANNEXURE 4 REVISED CONSUMPTIVE TARIFFS, RATES AND BASIC CHARGES FOR ELECTRICITY SERVICES, WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICES 1. ELECTRICITY 1.1 General The proposed revisions
More informationUnderstanding Network Tariff Reform
Understanding Network Tariff Reform A guide for small to medium business and residential customers who use less than 100MWh of electricity a year Ergon Energy is restructuring the way it charges for the
More informationDomestic Customer Tariff Breakdown - RoI Note this is approximate due to tariff and consumption variations
Guide to Electricity price formation in Ireland and Northern Ireland The numbers The average household consumes 4,300 kwh 1 of electricity per annum in Ireland and 4,100 in Northern Ireland. At an average
More informationCOMPARISON OF PROPOSED TARIFFS
COMPAISON OF POPOSED TAIFFS WITH EFFECT FOM 1 JULY 2013 all tariffs are VAT exclusive SCHEDULE 1 ELECTICITY PESENT POPOSED 1. Domestic residential indigent consumers These tariffs are applicable to all
More informationCOMPARISON OF PROPOSED TARIFFS
5. ELECTICITY COMPAISON OF POPOSED TAIFFS WITH EFFECT FOM 1 JULY 2016 all tariffs are VAT exclusive SCHEDULE 1 5.1 Domestic residential indigent consumers These tariffs are applicable to all residential
More informationSubmission to the Queensland Department of Energy and Water Supply
Submission to the Queensland Department of Energy and Water Supply The 30-year electricity strategy December, 2013 1 Cotton Australia Cotton Australia is the key representative body for the Australian
More informationNERA Analysis of Energy Supplier Margins
7 December 2009 NERA Analysis of Energy Supplier Margins By Graham Shuttleworth Even though wholesale energy prices have fallen recently, gas and electricity suppliers are earning very little margin on
More informationPass Through Costs for Business Electricity Customers from 1 st October 2015
Pass Through Costs for Business Electricity Customers from 1 st October 2015 DOCUMENT TYPE: Information Note REFERENCE: CER 15/226 DATE PUBLISHED: 22 nd September 2015 The Commission for Energy Regulation,
More informationFor the purpose of this Schedule the following words and phrases shall have the same meanings as assigned to them herein:
SCHEDULE OF STANDARD PRICES FOR ESKOM TARIFFS 1 APRIL 2014 TO 31 MARCH 2015 FOR NON-LOCAL AUTHORITY SUPPLIES, AND 1 JULY 2014 TO 30 JUNE 2015 FOR LOCAL AUTHORITY SUPPLIES 1. Standard prices The standard
More informationInternational comparison of electricity and gas prices for commerce and industry
International comparison of electricity and gas prices for commerce and industry FINAL REPORT ON A STUDY PREPARED FOR CREG October 2011 Frontier Economics Ltd, London. October 2011 Frontier Economics
More informationTariffs & Charges Booklet 2012/13
Charges for non-local authorities effective from 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013 Charges for local authorities effective from 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2013 Tariffs & Charges Booklet 2012/13 DISCLAIMER The
More informationSEP 2014 OCT 2014 DEC 2014 NOV 2014 HOEP* 3.23 1.70 2.73 2.25 2.06 1.41 0.62 1.52 2.02 2.86 4.97 2.42 1.57 1.42 1.42 2.41
Ontario Energy Report Q2 Electricity April June Electricity Prices Commodity Cost ( /kwh) Commodity cost comprises two components, the wholesale price (the Hourly Ontario Energy Price or HOEP) and the
More informationSouth African Distribution Code
South African Distribution Code Glossary and Definitions Version 6.0 July 2014 This document is approved by the National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA) Issued by: RSA Grid Code Secretariat Contact:
More informationA Gazprom A Energy Gazprom whitepaper Energy Guide. Energy. What are you paying for?
A Gazprom A Energy Gazprom whitepaper Energy Guide Energy What are you paying for? 2 Introduction According to government statistics, the cost of buying electricity to businesses in the UK has increased
More informationINTRODUCTION Tariff Objective Factors
TARIFF INTRODUCTION Tariff is the schedule or rates framed for supply of electrical energy to various consumers. Objective is to distribute the equitably the cost of generation amongst various consumers
More informationIRP 2010 Energy Forecast Revision 2 Report
IRP 2010 Energy Forecast Revision 2 Report Report prepared for IRP 2010 Revision 2 By: Systems Operations and Planning Date: July 2010 IRP 2010 Revision 2 Forecast Report Page 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Forecasts
More informationThe Effects of Critical Peak Pricing for Commercial and Industrial Customers for the Kansas Corporation Commission Final Report
The Effects of Critical Peak Pricing for Commercial and Industrial Customers for the Kansas Corporation Commission Final Report Daniel G. Hansen David A. Armstrong April 11, 2012 Christensen Associates
More informationElectricity Distribution Business Pricing Methodology for Prices Effective 1 April 2015 27 March 2015
Electricity Distribution Business Pricing Methodology for Prices Effective 1 April 2015 27 March 2015 Page 1 of 40 1 Table of contents 1 Table of contents... 2 2 Introduction... 3 3 Summary of 2015 pricing
More informationTARIFF SCHEDULE FOR THE 2014/2015 FINANCIAL YEAR
TARIFF SCHEDULE FOR THE 2014/2015 FINANCIAL YEAR MBOMBELA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY CHARGES FOR ELECTRICITY Mbombela Local Municipality hereby gives notice in terms of Section 75A of the Local Government Municipal
More informationENERGY ADVISORY COMMITTEE. Electricity Market Review : Electricity Tariff
ENERGY ADVISORY COMMITTEE Electricity Market Review : Electricity Tariff The Issue To review the different tariff structures and tariff setting processes being adopted in the electricity supply industry,
More informationTariff Development II: REVIEW of Basic Allocation and Rate Design Principles
Tariff Development II: REVIEW of Basic Allocation and Rate Design Principles Robert Manning Public Utility Commission of Texas Briefing for the NARUC/INE Partnership 1 Overview Steps in Setting Rates Establish
More informationFor the purpose of this Schedule the following words and phrases shall have the same meanings as assigned to them herein:
SCHEDULE OF STANDARD PRICES FOR ESKOM TARIFFS 1 APRIL 2013 TO 31 MARCH 2014 FOR NON-LOCAL AUTHORITY SUPPLIES AND 1 JULY 2013 TO 30 June 2014 FOR LOCAL AUTHORITY SUPPLIES 1. STANDARD PRICES The standard
More informationWhat is the Impact of Utility Demand Charges on a DCFC Host?
What is the Impact of Utility Demand Charges on a DCFC Host? June 2015 Key Conclusions Demand charges associated with 50 to 60-kW high power charging of a direct current (DC) fast charger (DCFC) can have
More informationElectricity. Introduction. Institutional arrangements
Electricity 11 Introduction The electricity, gas and water sectors contribute around 2 per cent of South Africa s GDP. The social and economic role that electricity plays accordingly places it at the epicentre
More informationPower NI: tariff methodology
Research and Information Service Paper 12/14 23 September 213 NIAR 640-13 Aidan Stennett Power NI: tariff methodology 1 Introduction The following paper supplements Northern Ireland Assembly Research and
More informationNamibia s Electricity Supply
Namibia s Electricity Supply By Dr Detlof von Oertzen 1 1.1 Introduction Namibia s economy depends on the reliable, accessible and affordable supply of electricity. Most domestic and industrial consumers
More informationFIXED CHARGE: This is a cost that goes towards making the service available, including
ELECTRICITY BILL COMPONENTS FIXED CHARGE: This is a cost that goes towards making the service available, including installation and maintenance of poles, power lines and equipment, and 24-hour customer
More informationResources for Personal, Social and Health Education Activities on energy bills and energy use
Resources for Personal, Social and Health Education Activities on energy bills and energy use Contents Energy bills quiz Energy bills quiz answers Energy bill exercise Energy bill exercise answers Energy
More informationThe cheap electricity revolution lets look at the numbers
The cheap electricity revolution lets look at the numbers By: Tian Claassens In my recent article: The revolution has started, I discussed the impact of the launch by Elon Musk of the Tesla Powerwall battery
More informationDaily Daily Network Network Network Energy Rates Step Rates Capacity. Price Rates Rates
Excludes GST Effective from 1 July 2010 Tariff Class Daily Daily Network Network Network Energy Rates Step Rates Capacity Capacity Price Rates Rates No. Network Price DLF Access Non-ToU Time of Use (ToU)
More informationAnnex 2C International comparisons of gas and electricity prices
Annex 2C International comparisons of gas and electricity prices Wholesale gas prices in the UK have risen between 23 and 24. This has caused industrial and domestic gas prices to increase and the gap
More informationElectricity Terminology. Simplifying energy management
Simplifying energy management AMR Automated Meter Reading - automatic collection of data from meters which is transferred to a central database for billing and/or analysis. Balancing Mechanism The mechanism
More informationTITLE PAGE MINNESOTA POWER ELECTRIC RATE BOOK
MINNESOTA POWER SECTION I PAGE NO. 1 ELECTRIC RATE BOOK REVISION 4 th TITLE PAGE MINNESOTA POWER ELECTRIC RATE BOOK This book contains Minnesota Power's retail rates and related information per the Minnesota
More informationELECTRICITY PRICING INFORMATION. This list shows the terms that appear on electricity bills and what they mean:
ELECTRICITY PRICING INFORMATION GLOSSARY OF BILLING TERMS: The Government of Ontario requires all electricity distributors to issue standardized bills to their low- volume consumers, such as residential
More informationSolar Power Frequently Asked Questions
General information about solar power 1. How do I get solar power? Solar Power Frequently Asked Questions Many companies install solar power systems including some electricity retailers. It is worth comparing
More informationSALT RIVER PROJECT AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT AND POWER DISTRICT E-26 STANDARD PRICE PLAN FOR RESIDENTIAL TIME-OF-USE SERVICE
SALT RIVER PROJECT AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT AND POWER DISTRICT E-26 STANDARD PRICE PLAN FOR RESIDENTIAL TIME-OF-USE SERVICE Effective: April 2015 Billing Cycle Supersedes: November 2012 Billing Cycle AVAILABILITY:
More informationAPRIL 2014 ELECTRICITY PRICES AND NETWORK COSTS
APRIL 2014 ELECTRICITY PRICES AND NETWORK COSTS 1 WHAT MAKES UP THE RETAIL ELECTRICITY BILL? Retail electricity bills are made up of a number of components: Wholesale costs reflecting electricity generation
More informationSTANDARD ELECTRIC PRICE PLANS SALT RIVER PROJECT AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT AND POWER DISTRICT. Corporate Pricing
STANDARD ELECTRIC PRICE PLANS SALT RIVER PROJECT AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT AND POWER DISTRICT Corporate Pricing For additional information, please call 602-236-5522 or 602-236-2950 TEMPORARY Prices Effective
More informationDomestic Prepaid Energy charge: 94c/kWh
Tariffs approved and applicable for implementation from 1 July 2010 Name of Municipality Abaqulusi 19% Yes (partially) Domestic Low (indigent) Energy charge: 54.00c/kWh Domestic Prepaid Energy charge:
More informationNelson Mandela Bay Business Chamber NERSA Consultation MYPD3. Presenters: A. Clark / B. van Vuuren 5 February 2013
Nelson Mandela Bay Business Chamber NERSA Consultation MYPD3 Presenters: A. Clark / B. van Vuuren 5 February 2013 Contents Introduction Overview Nelson Mandela Bay Business Concerns Cost Implications,
More informationIntroduction to Ontario's Physical Markets
Introduction to Ontario's Physical Markets Introduction to Ontario s Physical Markets AN IESO MARKETPLACE TRAINING PUBLICATION This document has been prepared to assist in the IESO training of market
More informationElectricity Distribution Business. Pricing Methodology
Electricity Distribution Business Pricing Methodology Effective 1 April 2015 1. GLOSSARY Commerce Commission (Commission) EDB Electricity Authority (EA) Responsible for the regulation of EDBs as provided
More informationGas transport tariffs calculation
Ad Hoc Expert Facility under the INOGATE project Support to Energy Market Integration and Sustainable Energy in the NIS (SEMISE) Gas transport tariffs calculation 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION...
More informationEnergy Procurement Practice Guide
Carbonproof Energy Procurement Practice Guide The material provided in this guide has been produced in conjunction with our partner Energetics Pty Ltd. 2011 Energetics Pty Ltd and AgriFood Skills Australia.
More informationSubmission From Link International Pty Ltd
Submission From Link International Pty Ltd Page 1 Link International Pty Ltd is an import wholesale distributor of motorcycle parts and accessories. Link currently employs 65 staff and sells directly to
More informationUNDERSTANDING ENERGY BILLS & TARRIFS
UNDERSTANDING ENERGY BILLS & TARRIFS as part of the Energy Efficiency Information Grants Program Reading and understanding your energy and gas bills is a good first step to help you to identify where you
More informationA study into approaches to minimise the impact of electricity price increases on the poor
TRADE AND INDUSTRY CHAMBER FUND FOR RESEARCH INTO INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, GROWTH AND EQUITY (FRIDGE) A study into approaches to minimise the impact of electricity price increases on the poor Final Report
More informationNORTHERN IRELAND ELECTRICITY Ltd STATEMENT OF CHARGES FOR USE OF. THE NORTHERN IRELAND ELECTRICITY Ltd ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
NORTHERN IRELAND ELECTRICITY Ltd STATEMENT OF CHARGES FOR USE OF THE NORTHERN IRELAND ELECTRICITY Ltd ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM BY AUTHORISED PERSONS Effective from 1 October 2011 to 30 September
More informationEconomic Concepts for Pricing Electricity Network Services A Report for the Australian Energy Market Commission
Economic Concepts for Pricing Electricity Network Services A Report for the Australian Energy Market Commission 21 July 2014 Project Team Adrian Kemp Oliver Nunn Martin Chow Stephanie Gainger NERA Economic
More informationConclusion of the Utility Regulator s Review of the firmus energy (Supply) Ltd Maximum Average Price in the Ten Towns area
Conclusion of the Utility Regulator s Review of the firmus energy (Supply) Ltd Maximum Average Price in the Ten Towns area 5 March 2015 About the Utility Regulator The Utility Regulator is the independent
More informationRule change request. 18 September 2013
Reform of the distribution network pricing arrangements under the National Electricity Rules to provide better guidance for setting, and consulting on, cost-reflective distribution network pricing structures
More informationENERGY RETAILERS COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE REPORT PRICING 2013-14
PERFORMANCE REPORT PRICING 2013-14 October 2014 An appropriate citation for this paper is: Essential Services Commission 2014, Energy retailers comparative performance report pricing 2013-14, October 2014
More informationRetail Tariffs. Business, Irrigation and Farming Tariffs
Retail Tariffs Business, Irrigation and Farming Tariffs Background on Ergon Energy Qld Retail Tariffs The Queensland Competition Authority (QCA) has been delegated the task of determining notified prices
More informationThe Art of Turning Wholesale Rates into Retail Rates. Paul Garcia The Prime Group, LLC
The Art of Turning Wholesale Rates into Retail Rates Larry Feltner/ Paul Garcia The Prime Group, LLC Wholesale Rates are Important! Represent 60% - 70% of coops costs Based on structure, can promote or
More informationThe Cost of Electricity in Jersey
Jersey Energy Trends 25 Headlines In 25 total final energy demand in Jersey was 187 million toe (2,17, 9 MWh) an increase of.1% on 24. Final consumption of electricity grew by 1.2% between 24 and 25. Over
More informationWind Power and District Heating
1 Wind Power and District Heating New business opportunity for CHP systems: sale of balancing services Executive summary - Both wind power and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) can reduce the consumption of
More informationNOTES ON AURORA LINE CHARGES FOR NETWORK DESIGNERS, CONSULTANTS AND ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS
ov 26 OTES O AURORA LIE CHARGES FOR ETWORK DESIGERS, COSULTATS AD ELECTRICAL COTRACTORS 1. PURPOSE AD SCOPE OF THIS DOCUMET This document provides general advice for personnel involved in the alteration
More informationWe are working hard to help Ontario businesses manage their electricity costs.
Ontario Minister of Energy Meets with Chamber Network, Addresses Key Concerns In August 2015, the Ontario Chamber of Commerce released Empowering Ontario, a comprehensive report that takes a look at the
More informationARLA Members Survey of the Private Rented Sector
Prepared for The Association of Residential Letting Agents ARLA Members Survey of the Private Rented Sector Fourth Quarter 2013 Prepared by: O M Carey Jones 5 Henshaw Lane Yeadon Leeds LS19 7RW December,
More informationThe Virtual Power Station - achieving dispatchable generation from small scale solar
The Virtual Power Station - achieving dispatchable generation from small scale solar John K Ward, Tim Moore, Stephen Lindsay CSIRO Energy Technology, Newcastle, NSW 24 Australia Keywords: forecasting,
More informationCOMMENTS ON ESKOM REVENUE APPLICATION MULTI-YEAR PRICE DETERMINATION 3 PRESENTED BY MR. DENNIS GOLDMAN
COMMENTS ON ESKOM REVENUE APPLICATION MULTI-YEAR PRICE DETERMINATION 3 PRESENTED BY MR. DENNIS GOLDMAN CONTACT SAPOA: TEL: 011 883 0679 WEB: www.sapoa.org.za AGENDA 1. Who is SAPOA 2. Tariff structures
More informationWe Energies Electric Rates
We Energies Electric Rates for Michigan customers July 2015 The rates in this brochure reflect the authorized base rates of Wisconsin Electric Power Company, doing business under the name of We Energies,
More informationTime-of-use tariffs in the Eskom Western region
Time-of-use tariffs in the Eskom Western region by D Ramsbottom, Eskom This is a case study into the application of time of use tariffs in the Eskom Western Region undertaken to determine the effect that
More informationSALT RIVER PROJECT AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT AND POWER DISTRICT E-33 EXPERIMENTAL PRICE PLAN FOR SUPER PEAK TIME-OF-USE GENERAL SERVICE
SALT RIVER PROJECT AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT AND POWER DISTRICT E-33 EXPERIMENTAL PRICE PLAN FOR SUPER PEAK TIME-OF-USE GENERAL SERVICE Effective: April 2015 Billing Cycle Supersedes: November 2012 Billing
More informationKyrgyzstan: Power Generation & Transmission
Kyrgyzstan: Power Generation & Transmission October, 2010 Author: Artyom Zozulinsky, Business & Commercial Assistant, US Embassy Bishkek Contents SUMMARY... 2 POWER SECTOR OVERVIEW... 2 Infrastructure...
More informationGB Electricity Market Summary
GB Electricity Market Summary SECOND QUARTER 2014 APR TO JUN Recorded Levels of UK Generation by Fuel (based upon DECC Energy Trends & FUELHH data): GAS: 10.8GW WIND: 2.6GW AUGUST 2014 COAL: 10.1GW BIOMASS:
More informationManaged Funds Series
Managed Funds Series Namibia s Unit Trust Market Leader 2 - Managed Funds Index 4 Introduction Fund Categories 5 Asset Classes 6 Portfolio Construction 7 Investment Approach 8 Investment Process 9 Our
More information2014 Residential Electricity Price Trends
FINAL REPORT 2014 Residential Electricity Price Trends To COAG Energy Council 5 December 2014 Reference: EPR0040 2014 Residential Price Trends Inquiries Australian Energy Market Commission PO Box A2449
More informationENERGY RETAILERS COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE REPORT PRICING 2011-12
ENERGY RETAILERS COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE REPORT PRICING September 2012 An appropriate citation for this paper is: Essential Services Commission 2012, Energy retailers comparative performance report pricing,
More informationErgon Future Network Tariff Submission
"Advocating on behalf of peak FNQ industry and social organisations for competitively priced and reliable electricity in FNQ" Ergon Future Network Tariff Submission PO Box 2148, Cairns QLD 4870 T : (07)
More informationTARIFF SCHEDULES FOR HIGH TENSION CONSUMERS. Table of Contents
Annexure-1-B ANNEXURE TO TARIFF ORDER PASSED BY MPERC For Financial Year 2006-07 MADHYA PRADESH ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION TARIFF SCHEDULES FOR HIGH TENSION CONSUMERS Table of Contents Sr No Particulars
More informationNBF. Electrical. www.nbfelectrical.com.au WHY GO SOLAR? NBF ELECTRICAL EXPLAINS WHY
Electrical NBF www.nbfelectrical.com.au WHY GO SOLAR? NBF ELECTRICAL EXPLAINS WHY contact NBF Electrical Nathan Fielke Mobile: 0433 145 587 Fax: (08) 8346 4044 ABN 75 536 121 682 CEC A3966385 PGE197475
More informationP. Locker, Photo Graphic Design, Bolton
DfEE Project Team: Chris Bissell Principal Architect Richard Daniels Senior Engineer Graphics: Paul Isbell Photographs: P. Locker, Photo Graphic Design, Bolton Cover Design and typesetting: The Stationery
More informationElectricity Rates Forecasting:
Electricity Rates Forecasting: Muskrat Falls Will Options: Stabilize Rates for Consumers Legal S92A, Good Faith and Regulatory Proceedings in Quebec Department of Natural Resources October 2012 Department
More informationNATURAL GAS DEMAND AND SUPPLY Long Term Outlook to 2030
1. Background On different occasions, Eurogas is asked to present its views on the future of the European gas industry. The forecasts are mainly needed for conferences and bilateral discussions with European
More informationDomestic Use Tariffs. Codes 05, 06, 07 and 08
Domestic Use Tariffs Codes 05, 06, 07 and 08 Tariffs for Domestic Use Tariffs for Domestic Use are applicable where the electricity is solely used for domestic purposes to private dwellings. They are not
More informationComparative Report. Pacific Region Electricity Bills
Comparative Report Pacific Region Electricity Bills July 2014 Letter from the CEO In September 2013, the URA Staff prepared and released its first Electricity Bills Comparison Report for the Pacific region.
More informationProject LINK Meeting New York, 20-22 October 2010. Country Report: Australia
Project LINK Meeting New York, - October 1 Country Report: Australia Prepared by Peter Brain: National Institute of Economic and Industry Research, and Duncan Ironmonger: Department of Economics, University
More informationEnergy Tariffs and Associated Charges
Energy Tariffs and Associated Charges As permitted by Ergon Energy www.ergon.com.au The tariffs applied to the on-supply arrangement are in-line with the local area retailer s standing offer (Ergon Energy).
More informationPart III. Survey Highlights and Observations. Survey Highlights and Observations. Other Charges Billing
The data compiled in this rate survey can be used extensively for comparative analysis. Because of the site-specific nature of rate development implementation, users are cautioned not to broadly generalize
More informationSALT RIVER PROJECT AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT AND POWER DISTRICT E-29
SALT RIVER PROJECT AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT AND POWER DISTRICT E-29 EXPERIMENTAL PRICE PLAN FOR TIME-OF-USE SERVICE WITH SUPER OFF-PEAK FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES Effective: April 2015 Billing Cycle AVAILABILITY:
More informationTerms & Conditions Car rental Non Equipped Car
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR RENTALS FROM 01 NOVEMBER 2015-31 OCTOBER 2016 Standard Rates include: 14% VAT (Value Added Tax) in South Africa and 15% in Namibia Standard Excess Insurance Cover (R/N$15 000 excess)
More informationTasmanian Transmission Revenue Proposal
Tasmanian Transmission Revenue Proposal An overview for Tasmanian electricity consumers Regulatory control period 1 July 2014 30 June 2019 Tasmanian Networks Pty Ltd About TasNetworks We are Tasmania s
More informationAlice Miller Energy Consultant September 28, 2011
Rate Design and Billing Systems Alice Miller Energy Consultant September 28, 2011 What is Rate Design? Principal goals of rate design Meet revenue requirement Equity among service classes Customer impacts
More informationEnergy Price Fact Sheet
Business Electricity United Energy Single Rate Standing Offer 9/02/2015 Electricity tariff rates (LVM1R) Peak consumption (Anytime) Pty Ltd Momentum Standing Offer E 29.46 cents per kwh 32.406 cents per
More informationMethodology to Approve Maximum Prices of Piped- Gas in South Africa
Methodology to Approve Maximum Prices of Piped- Gas in South Africa October 2011 1 Table of Contents 1. Introduction... 5 2. The Legislative framework for regulating maximum prices of piped-gas... 5 2.1.
More informationNAMIBIA S ENERGY FUTURE A CASE FOR RENEWABLES
NAMIBIA S ENERGY FUTURE A CASE FOR RENEWABLES DISCLAIMER The author has endeavoured to ensure that all data and information used in this Report and the associated numerical models is correct and up to
More informationReport on Energy Advocacy in California 2007-2008 IDF Final Report
Report on Energy Advocacy in California 2007-2008 IDF Final Report Tod McKelvy (BOMA Oakland/East Bay) BOMA California Board Member & Chair of the Energy Committee Berding & Weil, LLP BOMA International
More informationThe Resale of Electricity and Gas Guidance for Resellers
Effective from 6 th September 2007 The Resale of Electricity and Gas Guidance for Resellers What is maximum resale price? The maximum resale price is the most that anyone can charge for re-supplying gas
More informationAUSTIN UTILITIES. CHARACTER OF SERVICE: AC, 60 cycles, 120/240 Volt, three wire, single-phase; or 120 Volt, two wire.
AVAILABLE: Within established City Limits. AUSTIN UTILITIES Schedule (110) Issued 11/12/13 Supersedes (110) Issued 11/13/12 Sheet No. 1 of 1 RESIDENTIAL SERVICE APPLICABLE: To single-family residences
More informationMIDVAAL LOCAL MUNICIPALITY
MIDVAAL LOCAL MUNICIPALITY Determination of Charges Payable for Electricity July 2011 to Jun 2012 Tariff of Charges PART I: SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY 1. BASIC CHARGES 1.1 Except as provided in 1.2 the following
More informationComparison of the ERRA and the EUROSTAT Electricity Price Statistical Databases
ERRA Tariff/Pricing Committee Meeting, February 6-7, 2006 Warsaw, Poland Comparison of the ERRA and the EUROSTAT Electricity Price Statistical Databases Mr. Ede Tresó leading senior advisor Electricity
More informationMBA Forecast Commentary Joel Kan, jkan@mba.org
MBA Forecast Commentary Joel Kan, jkan@mba.org Weak First Quarter, But Growth Expected to Recover MBA Economic and Mortgage Finance Commentary: May 2015 Broad economic growth in the US got off to a slow
More informationENERGY PRICE FACTSHEET
The details in this Price Fact Sheet apply to you if you are a small business customer in the Endeavour Residential Electricity Endeavour N70 - Domestic Supply (IBT) 01/07/15 First 1750kWh per quarter
More information