DAS Bootcamp. Distributed Antenna Systems 101

Transcription

1 DAS Bootcamp Distributed Antenna Systems 101

2 Bryce Bregen, VP of Sales and Marketing Bryce Bregen has more than 20 years of sales management and channel development expertise in telecom and wireless. He manages all direct and indirect sales channels including enterprise, carrier and manufacturing/distribution partners. Since joining Connectivity Wireless, Bregen has aggressively expanded sales channels to extend in-building wireless services to all major markets across the U.S. Bregen is a BICSI Corporate member as well as presenter for the BICSI organization on DAS trends. He is also a team member for DAS standards d committee, a council member of The DAS Forum, a presenter for the American Architect Institute, an ACUTA corporate member and presenter, and Carolinas and Atlanta Wireless Association member. Prior to Connectivity Wireless, Bregen held sales executive positions with several in-building wireless companies and was responsible for driving sales revenue growth and expansion into multiple distribution channels. He also previously managed nationwide sales for wireless and telecom companies, delivering services to Fortune 1000 companies across a wide range of industries including government and education, hospitality, healthcare, telecom and wireless and has overseen more than 2,500 DAS installations.

3 Tyler Boyd, Nationwide Performance Engineer As a performance RF engineer for Connectivity, Tyler applies his concentrated in-building wireless (DAS) knowledge to ensure best-in-class system performance and consistent RF engineering throughout the U.S. With project experience spanning several industries including hospitality, higher education, commercial, and sporting and entertainment Boyd t t has designed, d engineered, commissioned i and managed some the nation s largest venues, while providing extensive customer support throughout the duration of each project. Boyd is certified in all major DAS technologies.

4 Learning Objectives About the Presenting Company What is a DAS? Wireless Industry Trends The Players in the DAS Ecosystem Drivers of DAS (Vertical Markets) DAS Case Study DAS Engineering Basics Best Practices Q&A

5 About Connectivity Wireless CONNECTING EVERYONE, EVERYWHERE Headquartered in Georgia Services focus on Distributed Antenna Systems Nationwide service Proven service delivery model Founded in 2008 by wireless industry veterans 2,500+ DAS solutions deployed More than 100+ talented team members Degreed engineers, certified project managers and technicians Technology neutral More than 100 million square feet of DAS coverage installed since 2012 Single or multi-service systems

6 What is a DAS? Distributed Antenna System

7 What is a DAS? A distributed antenna system, or DAS, is a network of spatially separated antenna nodes connected to a common transport medium typically coax or fiber-optic cable that provides wireless service within an area, building or structure. The DAS can be driven by a direct connection to a radio base station of an off-air repeater/signal booster. Why DAS? To extend cellular and public safety Why DAS? To extend cellular and public safety coverage and capacity to the inside of buildings.

8 DAS: How it Works Donor Antenna In-building Antennas Coax Public Safety Donor Site Fiber Distribution Remote Unit Coax Cabling Fiber Distribution Head- End Equipment Bi-directional Amplifier or Repeater Fiber Cabling Head-end Equipment Room Cellular Signal Source

9 Simple Comparison of Types of IBW Systems Feature Passive DAS Active DAS Pico/Femto Coverage vs. Capacity Coverage and capacity Coverage and capacity Coverage and capacity Installation 1-3 weeks 1-3 weeks Few days Carrier Multi Multi Single Band Multi Multi Single Scalability Limited due to absence of active electronics Fully scalable Limited by handover End Use Med-large buildings, 100K Very large buildings 100K-1 1 Small/medium, residential -500K sq. ft.) million sq. ft. and SOHO

10 Wireless Industry Trends In-building Wireless (IBW)

11 DAS Market Today Wireless services driven by data, multimedia and voice Businesses running operations on smartphones, tablets and aircards 80% of voice calls and 90% of data usage is indoors Commercial customers need coverage for multiple carriers and neutral-host environments- BYOD IT Strategy being implemented DAS a necessity for businesses and their customers Carriers are more challenged selling single-carrier DAS Businesses are budgeting for DAS

12 Wireless by the Numbers 2013 *Strong, continued growth in wireless usage, particularly data and multimedia services Mobile data traffic was 1.5 Exabytes per month in 2013, the equivalent of 372 million DVDs each month or 4,100 million text messages each second Global mobile data traffic grew 81 percent last year million subscriber connections (17% increase) 101% of US population uses wireless; 34% are wireless-only households 2.27 trillion SMS sent/received (9% increase) 56.6 billion MMS sent/received (64% increase) Data traffic on wireless networks exceeds 1.1 trillion megabytes 104% increase over previous 12 mo.) 78.2 million active smartphones (57% increase) 270 million data-capable devices (5.3% increase) Wireless enabled tablets, laptops and modems: 13.6 million (14.2% increase) *Sources: CTIA Semi-Annual Surveys and Cisco VNI $68.3 billion in wireless data revenue or (38% of total revenue)

13 DAS Market Tomorrow This is Next Globally, mobile data traffic will reach 15.9 Exabytes per month by 2018, the equivalent of 3,965 million DVDs each month or 43,709 million text messages each second By 2018, 57 percent of IP traffic and 52 percent of consumer Internet traffic will originate from non-pc devices, up from 33 percent IP traffic and 15 percent consumer internet traffic in Mobile traffic per user will reach 3,049 megabytes per month by 2018, up from 356 megabytes per month in 2013, a CAGR of 54%. Global IP traffic by device Considering this rapid growth, ABI Research predicts that DAS will be the most prevalent between 2014 and 2019, accounting for more than 60% of the in-building wireless market

14 DAS for Public Safety Mandates for radio service for public safety ICC & NFPA codes mandate first-responder responder coverage 150+ local municipalities now mandate public safety coverage inside large buildings Indoor cellular/pcs service required for E911 location 700 & 800 MHz bands allocated for fire and police 400,000 E911 calls per day (CTIA Semi-Annual Survey, Jan-June 2012) According the FCC, 70% of E911 calls are made from wireless phones

15 Players in the Value Chain The DAS Ecosystem

16 The Players in the DAS Ecosystem DAS OEMs End-user Customer Consultants A&E Firms Cable Contractors DAS Integrator Distribution Wireless Carriers

17 Roles in the Ecosystem Customer DAS OEMs Wireless Carriers Distributors Cable Contractors Consultants and A&E Firms DAS Integrators Drives demand for DAS Manufactures the DAS components. Supports the integrators with product training. Set the design standards. Provides the RF source. Participates in funding. Supplies inventory locally. Facilitates local training and education. Works with partners to generate opportunities. Installs DAS cable infrastructure. Leverages their GC/end-user relationships. Educates the end-user and GC. Develops and publishes the bid spec. Evaluates bid responses. Interfaces with all ecosystem players to ensure successful deployment of the DAS. Designs, implements and supports the DAS. Coordinates carrier funding and integration.

18 Ownership Models Carrier Neutral-Host Landlord 100% funded and operated by carrier Typically single carrier Carriers may form consortium Neutral-host approach remains untested 100% funded and operated by independent third party (i.e., tower company) Owner leases space back to the carriers Neutral-host Funded by building owner Deployed and operated by DAS integrator Carriers/3rd parties may partially fund Multi-carrier

19 Drivers of DAS Vertical Markets

20 Candidates for DAS Offices/Corporate Campus Retail/Shopping Malls Healthcare/Hospitals Airports/Train Stations Manufacturing/Industrial Hotels/Casinos/Convention Centers Sports Venues/Stadiums University Campuses Government/Municipalities Low E Glass Low E Glass Low E Glass reflects or absorbs IR light (heat energy) AND radio waves, causing major inbuilding wireless coverage problems.

21 Drivers in Healthcare 78% of Americans expressed interest in mobile health (Harris Interactive & CTIA) In 2013, mobile health monitoring was one of the 10 most popular mobile applications (Gartner Research) Clinicians are early adopters of wireless devices like smartphones and tablets Approximately 80% of physicians currently use smartphones, with that number expected to grow in the coming years Mobile access to patients electronic medical records (EMR) Mobile monitoring of patient vitals, lab results, imaging exams, etc. Ubiquitous RF radio communications coverage for first responders to ensure public safety (police, fire and EMS)

22 Drivers in Hospitality Unlike a university or hospital, hotel or casino customers can stay/go elsewhere if they experience poor cellular coverage Travelers reliant on smartphones and data cards Customer satisfaction and retention is driving DAS in the hospitality sector A meeting planner that books a conference at a hotel with poor cellular coverage will only make that mistake once Resort properties How many people turn-off their Blackberry or iphones when they re on a short vacation? What corner of the property gets coverage? Similar to higher-education, hotel Wi-Fi deployment is likely a leading indicator for future DAS deployments

23 Drivers in Higher Education First-responders need reliable 2-way radio coverage in all buildings, tunnels, basements, etc. Student and faculty multi-carrier cell phone coverage is a matter of convenience and safety Demand for coverage in stadiums Parents want instant access to their kids Students use wireless as primary mode of voice and data communications Colleges/universities are decommissioning land lines in dorms and buildings 32% of wireless users are wireless-only (no landlines)

24 Drivers in Public Venues Stadiums, conference centers, malls and public transportation hubs have too many users trying to access the wireless network at the same time Large concentrations of people cause poor service, dropped calls Density of users affects venue directly AND wireless coverage and capacity in the surrounding areas Wireless network must support public safety and communications for security personnel Carriers eager to fund DAS in these venues to offload traffic from macro network

25 DAS in Action Case Studies

26 Turner Field Atlanta, Ga. Challenge: Fans, drivers on adjacent freeways and subscribers in surrounding areas could not make calls due to coverage and capacity issues Solution: DAS network covers 800,000 sq. ft. to serve stadium holding up to 50,096 fans DAS extends coverage to entire facility: upper/lower deck seating, all back-ofhouse area, locker rooms, press areas, concession stands and parking 6 sectors, expandable to 14 Collaborated with Andrew/CommScope on design and installed the complete system Met aggressive three-month deployment timeline with two, twelve-man crews working 24 hours for the last month before go-live on opening day in April 2010 Designed to -65 dbm to overcome the existing macro network and ensure coverage throughout Service Provider: AT&T 2G and 3G service

27 University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Challenge: University of Iowa s campus is the second largest city in Iowa and was challenged with wireless coverage and capacity issues Physicians, clinical and administrative staff demanded wireless coverage throughout facility for cellular voice, data and healthcare applications to support delivery of highquality patient care services Solution: DAS network provides 95% coverage for 13 buildings and approximately 3 million square feet SOLiD DAS equipment utilized DAS supports 700/800/900/1900/2100 MHz spectrum Service Providers Supported: AT&T, Verizon, US Cellular, Sprint Over 90,000 feet of coaxial cable with more than 60,000 feet of 12/48 strand SM fiber 135 remote units with 870 in-building wireless antennas Installation time frame 12 months Administrators plan to expand the DAS to other areas of campus

28 Waldorf Astoria Orlando and Hilton Orlando Bonnet Creek Challenge: Needed to ensure reliable coverage for cell phones, smartphones/iphones and aircards for guests and road warriors at new premium Waldorf Astoria and adjacent Hilton brand property Solution: DAS network covers two hotels with 1,000 rooms and suites on 482 acres of woodlands an waterways Reliable broadband wireless coverage for common areas, restaurants, shops and meeting spaces Met aggressive 3-month deployment timeline with two, 12- man crews working 24 hours for the last month before go-live on opening day in April 2010 Full-service, turnkey solution including planning, design, carrier coordination, and installation Service Providers: AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile and Verizon

29 Athens Regional Medical Center Challenge: Physicians, clinical and administrative staff demanded wireless coverage throughout h t facility for cellular l voice, data and healthcare applications to support delivery of highquality patient care services Solution: DAS network covers 500,000 sq. ft. to serve most of the buildings on campus; additional buildings to follow DAS extends coverage most of the buildings and work areas including main hospital, emergency department and parking structures five-month deployment timeline Service Providers: AT&T, Sprint and Verizon

30 Daytona International Speedway DAS Application Installed for leading neutral host provider to support full MIMO - Verizon Wireless and AT&T 22 million+ square foot speedway Covers all indoor suite and outdoor areas of the facility SOLiD 65 low power Alliance ROUs & 14 high power Titan ROUs Efficient technology for this particular application More than 80,000 feet of coaxial cable and 40,000 feet of 12 strand fiber 76 Omni and 156 odas Panel Antennas

31 Installation Photos Daytona International Speedway

32 DAS Case Study: Tampa Convention Center & Raymond James Stadium

33 DAS Engineering Basics Distributed Antenna Systems

34 The DAS Life Cycle

35 Why is Indoor Coverage Poor? The building is acting as an RF shield Fortified construction: hospitals, government buildings, etc. Highly tinted windows: energy-efficient,,green building efforts Lack of coverage in below grade floors Elevators and center areas of the building High rise buildings (typically (yp y more than 15 floors) High levels of RF interference from cell towers degrade service Lower level and below-grade floors are often shadowed from towers (roof tops) The building is blocked from the tower by other buildings The WSP/PS Network Cell Site Tower is too far away Some WSP tower locations may be closer than others New technologies are being broadcast on higher frequencies

36 Is a Coverage System Required? Wireless Service Provider (WSP) Commercial Services Is there often less than 3 BARS on a phone? Do people complain about poor cellular coverage indoors? Do people need to stand next to a window to make a call? Does the owner want tto guarantee full coverage? Public Safety Services (police, fire, rescue) Does the city have a first-responder in-building coverage ordinance? Do first responders complain about poor 2-way radio coverage? Is there coverage in the stairwells and elevators? Do you have liability concerns?

37 DAS System Configurations Passive DAS - Coax used to distribute RF signals Only active component BDA/Repeater/Small Cell Ideal solution for smaller venues <150K sq. ft. Limited growth or expansion capability Parallel systems required for carrier and public safety Do not ttypically offload dthe carriers macro network Active DAS - Adds RF FO conversion, fiber, and distributed amplifiers Commonly driven by cell site base stations Scalable Single to multi-band/operator installations Cost-effective multi-carrier coverage over 150,000 sq. ft. Flexible for growth and expansion One system for cellular carriers and 700/800/900 public safety Offloads the carriers macro network if driven by BTS sources

38 NFPA Guidelines NFPA Issued in April of 2009 Public Safety Only applicable if the municipality adopts this portion of the code Require Public Safety coverage inside facilities Fire, Police, First Responders No building size is identified defines coverage If the municipality adopts the codes - it would be enforceable for new buildings and major renovations Includes discussion on retransmission agreements Public Safety officials want permission before rebroadcasting Poor designs can harm coverage

39 Public Safety 99% coverage in critical areas include command center, elevator lobbies, and exit stairs 90% coverage for remaining areas Component enclosures in NEMA 4/4X type enclosure Repeater equipment shall be FCC approved and certification UPS requirements Primary is dedicated branch circuit Secondary is 12-hour battery backup Annual ltesting ti required dfor active components and system

40 The Correct Tools are Critical for Success Site Surveys and Needs Analysis ibwave Mobile Signal Generators Spectrum Analyzers ZK Cell Test, Agilent, and/or SeeGull Ambient Signal Testers Design ibwave (equipment layout and propagation analysis) AutoCAD (for construction drawing sets) Commissioning iolm or similar OTDR test equipment Spectrum Analyzers Signal Generators JDSU and/or PCTEL software

41 Coverage Needs Analysis

42 Coverage Needs Analysis Two main factors that demonstrate signal: RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator Measured in dbm -85 dbm is the typical threshold Lower dbm ( e.g. -95 dbm) = lower signal No longer is -85 dbm a standard in the carrier world Today s DAS built on Dominance Quality Typically a Signal to Noise based ratio Ec/Io, SQE, C/I Thresholds vary per service provider Noisy room example (high h rise)

43 Coverage Needs Analysis Methodology Measure multiple service providers and technologies + Test signals are used to determine internal wall losses and propagation characteristics Log data layer on top of floor plan layer Analyze log data with indoor mapping analysis software Data is collected and post-processed RSSI, RSRP, SQE and Quality Overlay of floor plans DAS enhancement recommendations are provided based on data Public Safety Spectrum Analyzer Methods

44 Coverage Needs Analysis University of Iowa Benchmark Campus Drive All Reports PDFs Raw Data

45 Site Survey

46 Construction Site Survey Equipment Room (ER Identification) RF Obstacles such as stairs and elevators Interior wall materials Concrete vs. drywall Ceiling heights and type Drop-tile or hard ceiling Cable pathways Vertical chases Horizontal cabling supports (conduit, cable trays, J-hooks, etc.) Existing RF systems Power and Wall Space MDF and IDF locations

47 Site Survey

48 Site Survey m db Ref Level : dbm db / Div : 10.0 db M1: MHz Spectrum Analyzer A Frequency ( MHz) CF: MHz SPAN: MHz Attenuation: 1 db RBW: 30 khz VBW: 10 khz Detection: Pos. Peak Std: Min Sweep Time: 1.00 Milli Sec Date: 08/27/2009 Time: 07:33:24 Model: MS2711D Serial #: M1

49 Site Survey RF Obstacles such as stairs and elevators Interior wall materials Concrete vs. drywall Ceiling heights and type Drop-tile or hard ceiling Purpose of building Dense or open environment Vertical chases Between floors

50 Site Survey: Additional Questions Existing RF systems Roof Mount Area Headend Equipment Room Power and Wall Space MDF and IDF locations Type of cable fire vs. plenum

51 Head End Room Planning (BTS) Space for wireless carrier Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) Minimum of 200 square feet per wireless carrier 800 to 1,000 square feet to accommodate all carriers Typically utilize existing MDF, but rooms can be retrofit to accommodate head end equipment Power requirements for the head-end room 100 to 150 Amps 208 VAC three phase per carrier Environmental requirements for the head-end 2 tons HVAC per wireless carrier Fl L di Floor Loading 125 PSF for BTS equipment

52 In-building Design

53 Design ibwave (RF-Vu + RF-Propagation) Industry standard software that predicts wireless coverage for all major wireless technologies (LTE, CDMA, GSM, WiMAX, b/g/a) for a variety of fdas technologies used dto produce: Design Drawings highly detailed & accurate depiction of equipment placement including riser diagrams and floor by floor layouts Heat Maps color coded representation of predicted received RF levels Bill of Materials Development determining accurate material quantities and types based upon technical requirements and cost Design Package Scope of Work, Bill of Materials, Link Budgets & Design Drawings

54 Design: Typical Frequencies & Technologies AT&T 700/850/1900/2100 MHz (LTE, GSM and UMTS) Verizon 700/850/1900/2100 MHz (LTE, CDMA and EVDO) Sprint PCS 800/1900 MHz (CDMA, LTE) T-Mobile 1900/2100 (GSM and UMTS) dbm Ref Level : dbm db / Div : 10.0 db M1: MHz Spectrum Analyzer A Frequency ( MHz) CF: MHz SPAN: MHz Attenuation: 1 db RBW: 30 khz VBW: 10 khz Detection: Pos. Peak Std: Min Sweep Time: 1.00 Milli Sec Date: 08/27/2009 Time: 07:33:24 Model: MS2711D Serial #: M1 Public Safety 450/700/800 MHz

55 Carriers and Wireless Frequencies System Type AT&T Verizon Sprint Nextel T-Mobile Metro PCS Cricket GSM (Voice) 850, EDGE (2G data) 850, UMTS (3G data) 850, HSDPA (3G) 850, HSUPA (3G+) 850, HSPA+ (3G++) LTE (4G data) , , Wi-Max (4G data) 2600 Public Safety Public Safety 150, 450, 700, 800, 900 CDMA2000 (Voice) 850, , EV-DO (3G data) 850, Spectrum Owned 700, 800, 700, 850, 800, 900, 1900, 1900, , , , , 1900

56 Design We know the scope, carriers and donor signals Now what? Type of DAS Coax vs. Fiber Head End Location Equipment manufacturers CommScope, TE,Corning,JMA/Teko or SOLiD

57 What is PIM and Why is it Important? PIM should be considered during the design phase PIM = Passive Intermodulation Spurious RF noise and 3 rd order products that are difficult to detect Exists when two or more signals are present in a passive device (coax, connector) that exhibits a nonlinear response Carriers are requiring PIM-rated components Rigorous field test procedure to ensure DAS PIM levels meet carrier specifications

58 Design: Link Budget

59 Design: Keys to Link Budget Power output at repeater or fiber remote # of channels per service provider Splitter and cable loss Free Space Path Loss #ofwallpenetrations Fade Margin Use link kbudget as guide for RFd design

60 Design: Link Budget

61 Design: Clutter Loss

62 3D Model

63 Prediction and Propagation

64 Floor Plan Layout

65 Logical Design

66 Design: Wireless Thresholds Old World New World -85 dbm mobile RSSI over 90-95% 95% of the area for voice 6-8 db stronger than the macro network technologies coverage bleeding into the building -70 dbm for data centric technologies (EVDO, LTE, etc.) Applies to 700/800/850/900/1900/2100 MHz Typical radius can vary from 50 ft. in dense environments to 100+ ft in open areas Limiting technology/frequency determines design MIMO or SISO?

67 Leading DAS Equipment OEMs

68 Installation Distributed Antenna Systems

69 Installation Photos United Center United Center is a neutral host DAS recently installed by Connectivity Wireless

70 Installation Potential Assumptions No core boring is required to properly install this distributed antenna system. End-user will allow use of existing 110 VAC for all DAS equipment. Any back-up power (UPS or generators) will be provided d by the customer or the end-user. If Carrier Funded/Neutral d/n Host DC power plants utilized and will not use existing AC Power in the IDFs E d ill ll f ll i ti bl t d th bli End-user will allow use of all existing cable trays and other cabling support structures (J-Hooks, etc.)

71 Installation Potential Assumptions Customer/end-user has secured landlord and all other necessary approvals prior to installation. An existing roof penetration is available for donor antenna cabling. In the event that rooftop cabling cannot utilize existing penetrations, the owner of the roof system warranty must create an additional penetration.

72 What Typically gets Installed with a DAS? Base Stations Head-end radio equipment, provided by the wireless carriers, that provides the RF signal source to drive the DAS Fiber Head-End Converts the RF signal to RF-over-fiber (RFoF), then transmits the signal via single-mode fiber-optic cable to the fiber remote unit Multi-band Remote Unit Converts the RFoF transmission back to an RF signal, which is then transmitted down coax cable to the coverage antenna Fiber Optic Cable Transports the converted RF signals from the head-end equipment to the remote units Plenum Cable Transports the RF signals from the fiber remote unit to the coverage antenna Splitter Splits the RF signals, which is then delivered to multiple inputs/elements Coverage Antennas emits multi-band RF signals to the coverage area

73 Donor Antenna General Specifications Antenna Type Operating Frequency Band Brand Color Interface Directional MHz MHz Cell-Max White 7-16 DIN Female Package Quantity 1 Radome Color Radome Material White PVC, UV resistant

74 Donor Antenna General Specifications Antenna Type Includes Operating Frequency Band Yagi V-bolts MHz Electrical Specifications Frequency Band, MHz Beamwidth, Horizontal, degrees 60 Gain, dbd 10.0 Gain, dbi 12.1 Beamwidth, Vertical, degrees 30.0 Beam Tilt, degrees 0 Front-to-Back Ratio at 180, db 15 VSWR Return Loss, db 1.5: Input Power, maximum, watts 150 Polarization Vertical Impedance, ohms 50 Lightning Protection dc Ground

75 Omni Coverage Antenna General Specifications Antenna Type Omnidirectional Operating Frequency Band Brand Color Interface Mounting MHz TRU-Omni R727 White N Female Recess Mounting in Non-Metallic Ceiling Tile Pigtail Cable Included, d Plenum Rated Radome Color Radome Material White ABS

76 ½ Coax Plenum Distribution Cable Construction Materials Jacket Material PVC Dielectric Material PE spline Flexibility Standard Inner Conductor Material Jacket Color Outer Conductor Material Copper-clad aluminum wire Off white Corrugated aluminum Dimensions Nominal Size Cable Weight 1/2 in 0.21 kg/m 0.14 lb/ft Electrical Specifications Cable Impedance 50 ohm ±2 ohm Capacitance 76.0 pf/m 23.0 pf/ft Operating Frequency Band MHz Peak Power 40.0 kw Power Attenuation 2.325

77 Splitter General Specifications Device Type Interface Splitter N Female Color Black Electrical Specifications Operating Frequency Band Average Power, maximum MHz 50 W Dissipative Loss at Frequency Band MHz MHz Impedance Insertion Loss at Frequency Band 50 ohm Return Loss 20.8 db Split Loss 3.0 db VSWR 1.2: MHz MHz

78 Coupler General Specifications Device Type Coupler Interface N Female Color Black Electrical Specifications Operating Frequency Band 3rd Order IMD 3rd Order IMD Test Method Average Power, maximum Coupling Coupling Tolerance Impedance Peak Power, maximum Reflected Power, maximum MHz -140 dbc (relative to carrier) Two +43 dbm carriers 200 W db ±1.0 db 50 ohm 1 kw 100 W Return Loss 20.8 db VSWR 1.2:1

79 12-Fiber Plenum Single-Mode Distribution Cable General Specifications Cable Type Construction Type Subunit Type Distribution Armored Gel-free Construction Materials Fiber Type Solution Total Fiber Quantity Fiber Type TeraSPEED, zero water peak single-mode fiber 12 General Specifications TeraSPEED, zero water peak single-mode fiber Fiber Type, quantity 12 Jacket Color Yellow Dimensions Cable Weight Diameter Over Jacket lb/kft kg/km mm 0.50 in

80 Repeater/BDA Universal Multi-Operator/Multi-Band Class A Off-Air Boosters Platform Supports up to 7 different frequency bands Incrementally expandable through scalable architecture Supports public safety and commercial technologies Advance Digital Signal Processing Supports mix band-segment & channel selective configurations Filter characteristics set locally & remotely changeable on the fly

81 Fiber Head-End Fiber optics enables: Wide bandwidth to support multiple wireless carriers Long distance with minimal loss Minimum design and installation costs Uniform signal strength throughout the building Flexibility for future evolution Modular architecture enables scalable investment and flexible configuration

82 Fiber Optic Remote Unit-Andrew Multi-Operator Solution: Public Safety, Verizon, Sprint, AT&T, USCC, Alltel, T-Mobile, MetroPCS, Cricket, etc. Multi-Band remote units supporting 700/800 MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, and 1900 MHz in a single cabinet Only two optical fibers required to support all frequency bands All frequency bands combined to a single antenna connector External RF splitters may be used to support multiple antennas for the greatest flexibility AC or DC mains power

83 Fiber Optic Remote Unit-Corning Multi-Operator Solution: Public Safety, Verizon, Sprint, AT&T, USCC, Alltel, T-Mobile, MetroPCS, Cricket, etc. Multi-Band remote units supporting 700/800 MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, and 1900 MHz in a single cabinet Only two optical fibers required to support all frequency bands All frequency bands combined to a single antenna connector External RF splitters may be used to support multiple antennas for the greatest flexibility AC or DC mains power

84 Coaxial cable and fiber testing Coaxial cable sweeps Fiber iolm/otdr results Active component commissioning Baseline noise floor measurement CW testing Fiber DAS commissioning Uplink / Downlink testing Additive noise calculation and testing Wireless service provider turn-up up RF validation testing Wireless carrier specific checklists Commissioning

85 Maintenance Services Preventive Maintenance Routines Quarterly, semi-annual, or annual Cable sweeps and OTDR testing Comparison of baseline RF to current RF environment Equipment inventorying and labeling Update as-built documentation Response & Repair 24x7x365 Customized SLAs and maintenance contracts Regular Updates Ticket received, in-route, on-site, problem isolated, problem fixed System Monitoring Monitor In-Building DAS elements from all vendors System impairment communication management Personnel dispatch 24x7x365 Customized monitoring contracts Demand Drivers Mandated by public safety code Often critical/required for carrier approval

86 Carrier Coordination

87 Repeater VS BTS The Cellular Repeater Is it Dead? As carriers require higher levels of dependability and capacity New technology can no longer be driven over the air Carrier Coordination is a full time job If you are part time in DAS you will be full time in coordination

88 Bidirectional Amplifier (BDA) Typical Carrier RF Sources Also called signal booster or repeater Small footprint, low power usage Repeats over the air donor signal from neighboring sites Wireless carriers beginning to throttle back usage Use Case: 1 to 50 wireless devices per carrier, depends on location Enterprise Femtocell (E-Femto) Small footprint, low power usage Utilizes enterprise customer or other internet connection Wireless carriers beginning to increase deployment Use Case: 1 to 150 wireless devices per carrier Base Transceiver Station (BTS) A cell site built in a secure room such as an MDF Typically installed in a rack configuration Typically utilizes T-1 provided by carriers back to their switch

89 Carrier Coordination Necessary to obtain permission from wireless service providers Purchased frequencies from FCC/US Government Re-transmission agreements Repeaters or microcell Potential RF issues generated Noise floor, oscillation, frequency-specific, etc Carrier monitoring/database Public Safety

90 Carrier Coordination The Federal Communications Commission released a new order for use of Enterprise DAS amplifiers (repeaters or signal boosters) February 20 th, 2013, FCC Report and Order Maintains that signal boosters require an FCC license or express licensee consent to install in commercial and industrial space The authorization process ensures that devices are operated only by licensees or with licensee consent and are adequately labeled to avoid misuse by consumers

91 Wireless Carrier Coordination Wireless carrier coordination is critical to the success of the DAS project

92 Q & A Thank you!

93 Contact Bryce Bregen VP of Sales and Marketing 2707 Main Street, Suite 1 Duluth, GA Tyler Boyd Nationwide Performance Engineer [email protected]