ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean Socio-economic Impacts of Natural Disasters in the Caribbean
The ECLAC Mission "Our mission is to deepen the understanding of and contribute to solutions to the development challenges facing the Caribbean by conducting research and analysis and providing sound policy advice and technical assistance to Caribbean Governments with a focus on growth with equity and an appreciation of the region's vulnerability".
Millennium Development Goals ECLAC s work programme is guided by the imperative of the MDGs Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Achieve universal primary education Promote gender equality Reduce child mortality Improve maternal health Combat HIV/AIDS and other diseases Ensure environmental sustainability Develop a global partnership for development
Global Platform for SIDS Conference on Small Island Developing States Barbados Plan of Action (1994) Mauritius Strategy (2005)
Mauritius Strategy for SIDS Small island developing States are located among the most vulnerable regions in the world in relation to the intensity and frequency of natural and environmental disasters and their increasing impact, and face disproportionately high economic, social and environmental consequences.. SIDS are already experiencing major adverse effects of climate change Adaptation to adverse impacts of climate change and sea-level rise remains a major priority.
Vulnerabilities of Small Island Developing States Economic Open economies Vulnerability to changes in global trade regimes Small domestic markets Limited institutional capacity Inadequate skills base Social Settlements located in vulnerable areas Poverty Unemployment Ecological Fragile natural resource base Vulnerable coasts Waste management challenges Particularly susceptible to natural disasters
Disasters: Highlight the challenges caused by the interface of human societies with the natural environment Retard development and upset development plans Have become more costly in real terms. Disaster costs were 15 times higher in 1990-1999 than between 1950-1959 ($652 and $38billion, respectively in 1998 dollars) Have wide ranging social effects. Between 1994-2003, 2.6 billion people globally were affected by natural disasters Emphasize the unique vulnerability of small societies
ICT and the New Development Paradigm Widespread use of the Internet and the technologies associated with it called into question some of the traditional assumptions associated with small size and the vulnerability associated with this and pointed to the need for an alternative development paradigm (ECLAC, 2001) Those questions were soon answered, emphatically!!!
Grenada 2001-2006 2001-9/11, economic recession 2002 - Tropical Storm Lilly 2004 - Hurricane Ivan 2005 - Hurricane Emily 2006 - High Oil prices Source: Grenada Budget Speech 2006.
Grenada: Estimated affected population due to Hurricane Ivan Parish Total population b Male Population Female Population affected St. George s 37,057 17893 19164 35575 a St. John s 8591 4314 4277 7732 c St. Mark s 3994 1965 2029 799 d St. Patrick 10,674 5256 5418 2135 d St. Andrew s 24,749 12311 12438 23,759 a St. David s 11,486 5770 5716 10337 a Carriacou 6081 2972 3109 1216 d Totals 102,632 50481 52151 81,553
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean United Nations Development Programme Guyana Macro-Socio Economic Assessment of the Damage and Losses Caused by the January-February 2005 Flooding 10/18/2006 11
Main findings of the assessment 37 % of the population severely affected $93 billion in total impact Impact equivalent to 59% of GDP
Summary of effects on the social sector Education (Millions of G$) Guyana 2005 Health (Millions of G$) Total damages 371.70 Total Direct effects 352.10 i.damage to schools 303.70 ii. Damage to school furniture and equipment 39.00 iii. Damage to libraries* 9.40 Imported Component 35.20 Total Indirect effects 19.60 i. Cleaning of Schools 19.50 ii. Losses from use as shelters iii. Losses from service 0.10 Total damages 173.4 Direct effects 52.5 i. Damage to Health Centres 27.5 ii. Damage to furniture and equipment 20.1 iii. Damage to Hospitals 4.9 Imported Component 21 Total Indirect effects 120.9 i. Cleaning supplies for Health Facilities 23 ii. Establishment of temporary sites 2.1 sess due to increased spending on drugs and med 73.1 sses due to provision of increased public health se 19.9 v. Losses incurred due to increased transportation 2.7 Housing (Millions of G$) Total 55,120.80 Direct effects 54,842.50 i.damage to housing 33,911.40 ii. Damage to furniture/equip 20,931.20 Imported Component 5,484.30 Total Indirect effects i. Cleaning of Homes 278.20
Impact on the Social Sector Damage to social sector accounts for 35% of GDP. 99% of damage to the social sector is accounted for by the housing sector. Damage to the housing sector accounts for 44% of national housing stock or 70,000 dwellings.
Guyana Real GDP growth (1994-2005) Pre- and Post-disaster scenarios 10 8 6 4 2 Pre-disaster 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005-2 Post-disaster -4
Impact of natural disasters on selected Caribbean countries Impact as percentage of GDP 250 200 150 100 50 0 Jamaica Montserrat St. Kitts and Nevis Grenada Cayman Islands Guyana Countries Percentage
Disaster Management Cycle
The ECLAC Methodology The procedure Part I Part II Part III Description Assessment Rehabilitation and reconstruction What is it? Whom has it affected? Where? What has been done? How much? Magnitude? What is required to go back What needs to be done?
The ECLAC Methodology - The assessment Part 1 Part 2 Social and productive sectors, infrastructure and environment Macroeconomic effects Immovable Assets Stocks Income foregone Higher costs GDP Fiscal Accounts Direct losses Indirect losses Secondary effects Balance of payments Employment At the time of the disaster Following the disaster Prices 1 to 5 years
Basic Requirements for Disaster-Related Information To reach a defined addressee To be relevant To be on time To be reliable To be multi-sourced To be understandable To be standardized
ICTs are a powerful tool to facilitate a qualitative flow of disaster-related information. The application of ICT in disaster management is multi-dimensional and complex.
Conceptual Model for ICT in Disaster Management Cycle Approach Spatial Approach Policy Approach Figure 1 Conceptual Model for ICT in Disaster Management. The model is composed of three approaches: The Cycle Approach, the Spatial Approach, and the Policy Approach
Cycle Approach Figure 2 The Cycle Approach. This Partial Model Describes the Four Phases of the Disaster Management Cycle.
Spatial Approach Figure 3 The Spatial Approach This Partial Model Describes the Different Geographical Systems.
Policy Approach Figure 4 The Policy Approach. The Partial Model Integrates Four Requirements on Public Policies.
A recent ECLAC ICT Policymakers Seminar (Barbados Sept 2006) recommended that future work emphasize Data gathering for effective benchmarking of the Caribbean Information Society Digital content creation Maintenance of ICT profiles of each country Continue to facilitate dialogue through a Caribbean ICT Policy Makers Working Group
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