VCP VMware Certified Professional vsphere 4 Study Guide (ExamVCP4IO) Robert Schmidt McGraw-Hill is an independent entity from VMware Inc. and is not affiliated with VMware Inc. in any manner.this study/training guide and/or material is not sponsored by, endorsed by, or affiliated with VMware in any manner.this publication and CD may be used in assisting students to prepare for thevcp4io exam. Neither VMware nor McGraw-Hill warrants that use of this publication and CD will ensure passing any exam.vmware and vsphere are trademarks or registered trademarks of VMware in the United States and certain other countries.aii other trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. IVIC GratAf Hill New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgments Introduction xix xxiii xxv I Introduction to the VMware Certified Professional Exam for vsphere I Introduction to vsphere 2 vsphere Features and Editions 2 vsphere Features 2 vsphere Editions 5 What Is Covered in This Book 8 Chapter 2: Introduction to Server Virtualization and the VMware Product Line 9 Chapter 3: Install, Upgrade, and Configure ESX Server 9 Chapter 4: Install and Configure vcenter Server 9 Chapter 5: Understanding Networking and Virtual Switches on ESX Server 9 Chapter 6: Understanding and Configuring Storage on ESX Server 10 Chapter 7: Create, Deploy, and Manage Virtual Machines and vapps 10 Chapter 8: Managing vsphere Compliance 10 Chapter 9: Establishing Service Levels 10 Chapter 10: Basic Troubleshooting and Alarm Management 11... What You Should Already Know 11 Servers 11 Storage 11 Networking 12 ix
X VCP VMware Certified Professional vsphere 4 Study Guide (ExamVCP410) Certification Summary 12 / Two-Minute Drill 13 Q&A Self Test 15 Self Test Answers 18 2 Introduction to Server Virtualization and the VMware Product Line 21 Introduction to Server Virtualization 22 Advantages of Server Virtualization 22 Disadvantages of Server Virtualization 23 Hosted Versus Bare-Metal Virtualization Solutions 24 Advantages of Hosted Solutions 24 Disadvantages of Hosted Solutions 24 Usage Cases for Hosted Virtualization Solutions 25 Advantages of Bare-Metal Solutions 25 Disadvantages of Bare-Metal Solutions 25 Usage Cases for Bare-Metal Virtualization Solutions 26 Introduction to the VMware Product Line 26 VMware's Hosted Virtualization Solutions 26 VMware's Datacenter Solutions 29 Certification Summary 30 / Two-Minute Drill 31 Q&A Self Test 33 Self Test Answers 36 3 Install, Upgrade, and Configure ESX Server 39 Introduction to ESX Server 40 ESX and ESXi Server Architecture 40 ESX Server 4-0 Disk Partitions 42 ESX Server Installations 43 ESX Server Minimum Requirements 44 VMware Compatibility Guide 45 ESX Server Installation on Local Storage 45 ESXi Server Installation on Local Storage 49 The vsphere Client ' Installing the vsphere Client and vsphere Host Update Utility 51 Configure Network Time Protocol 52 50
Contents xi Upgrade to ESX Server 4.0 55 Planning an ESX Server Upgrade 55 vsphere Host Update Utility 55 Step-by-Step Upgrade 56 Rollback Options for ESX/ESXi Upgrades 58 Configure Basic ESX Server Security 58 Service Console Firewall 59 Service Console Security Levels 61 Default Roles 61 Users and Groups 61 Assigning Rights to a Virtual Machine 63 Certification Summary 65 / Two-Minute Drill 67 Q&A Self Test 69 SelfTest Answers 72 4 Install and Configure vcenter Server 75 Introduction to vcenter Server 76 vcenter Server Editions 76 vcenter Server Linked Mode Groups 78 vcenter Server Maximums 78 Install vcenter Server and Additional vcenter Modules 79 vcenter Server Installation 79 Install Additional vcenter Modules 83 Configure and Manage vcenter Server 87 Work with Datacenters and Folders 88 Join an ESX Host to vcenter Server 90 Configure vcenter Server Settings 91 Configure Scheduled Tasks 93 View and Manage Tasks and Events 95 Configure Access Control Through vcenter Server 97 Review vcenter Predefined Roles and Privileges 98 Create, Clone, and Edit vcenter Roles 99 Assign Access to vcenter Inventory Objects 102 Understanding Privilege Propagation 104
Xii VCPVMware Certified Professional vsphere 4 Study Guide (ExamVCP4IO) Certification Summary 105 / Two-Minute Drill 106 Q&A Self Test 109 Self Test Answers 112 5 Understanding Networking and Virtual Switches on ESX and ESXi Servers 115 Understand and Configure Virtual Switches 116 Virtual Switch, NIC, and Port Maximums 116 NIC Teaming Policies 118 vswitch Security Policies 118 vswitch Traffic Shaping Policies 119 Create and Delete Virtual Switches 119 Create Ports and Port Groups 121 Assign Physical NICs to a Virtual Switch 123 Modify vswitch NIC Teaming and Failover Policies 123 Modify vswitch Security Policies 125 Understand and Configure vnetwork Distributed Switches 127 vnetwork Distributed Switch Maximums 127 Create and Modify a vnetwork Distributed Switch 128 Create and Modify Uplink Group and dvport Group Settings 128 Add an ESX Host to a vnetwork Distributed Switch 131 Add and Delete a VMkernel dvport 132 Migrate a Virtual Machine to a vnetwork Distributed Switch 133 Understand and Configure the ESX/ESXi Management Network... 133 Modify the Service Console's IP Settings 134 Configure Service Console Availability 134 Configure the DNS and Routing Settings for an ESX Host 135... Certification Summary 137 / Two-Minute Drill Q&A SelfTest Self Test Answers 144 139 141
Contents XH1 6 Understanding and Configuring Storage on ESX/ESXi Servers 147 Configure FC SAN Storage 148 Identify FC SAN Hardware Components 148 Identify How ESX Server Connections Are Made to FC SAN Storage 149 Describe ESX Server FC SAN Storage Addressing 149 Describe Zoning and LUN Masking 149 Configure LUN Masking 150 Scan for NEW LUNs 151 Determine and Configure the Appropriate Multipathing Policy 152 Differentiate Between NMP and Third-Party MPP 152 Configure iscsi SAN Storage 152 Identify iscsi SAN Hardware Components 153 Determine Usage Cases for Hardware vs. Software iscsi Initiators 153 Configure the iscsi Software Initiator 154 Configure Dynamic/Static Discovery 155 Configure CHAP Authentication 158 Discover iscsi LUNS 159 Identify iscsi Addressing in the Context of the Host 160 Configure NFS Datastores 160 Identify NFS Hardware Components 161 Explain ESX Exclusivity for NFS Mounts 161 Configure ESX/ESXi Network Connectivity to the NAS Device 161 Create an NFS Datastore 162 Configure and Manage VMFS Datastores 163 Identify VMFS File System Attributes 164 Determine the Appropriate Datastore Location/Configuration for Given Virtual Machines 164 Determine Usage Cases for Multiple VMFS Datastores 165 Create/Configure VMFS Datastores 166 Attach an Existing VMFS Datastore to a New ESX Host... 166 Manage VMFS Datastores: Group/Unmount/Delete 167 Grow VMFS Volumes 169
XiV VCP VMware Certified Professional vsphere 4 Study Guide (Exam VCP410) Certification Summary 170 / Two-Minute Drill 172 Q&A Self Test 174 SelfTest Answers 177 7 Create, Deploy, and Manage Virtual Machines and vapps 179 Create and Deploy Virtual Machines 180 Virtual Machine Hardware Maximums 180 Create a Virtual Machine 181 Install VMware Tools 185 Guest Customization 186 Create and Convert Templates 191 Deploy Virtual Machines from Templates 192 Clone a Virtual Machine 194 Manage Virtual Machine Configurations 195 Add New Virtual Hardware and Modify Existing Virtual Hardware 195 Configure Virtual Machine Options 207 Configure Virtual Machine Resource Settings 212 Deploy and Manage vapps 215 What Is the Open Virtualization Format (OVF)? 216 Export and Import Virtual Appliances 216 Create a vapp 218 Add Virtual Machines to a vapp 218 Export vapps 219 Clone a vapp 220 Certification Summary 221 / Two-Minute Drill Q&A SelfTest Self Test Answers 229 223 226 8 Managing Compliance 231 Configure and Manage VMware vcenter Update Manager 232 Enable Update Manager on a vsphere Client 232 Configure VMware vcenter Update Manager 233 Creating and Managing Baselines 242
Contents XV Establish and Apply ESX Host Profiles 247 Create/Delete Host Profiles 247 Export/Import Host Profiles 249 Edit Host Profile Policies 250 Attach a Host Profile to an ESX Host 252 Apply Host Profiles 253 Check for Host Profile Compliance 253 Certification Summary 254 / Two-Minute Drill 255 Q&A Self Test 257 Self Test Answers 259 9 Establish Service Levels 261 Create and Configure VMware Clusters 262 Create a New Cluster 262 Add ESX/ESXi Hosts to a Cluster 263 Configure High Availability Basic and Advanced Settings... Configure Distributed Resource Scheduler Basic 264 and Advanced Settings 269 Configure Distributed Power Management 270 Configure Enhanced VMotion Capability 271 Configure Swap File Location 272 Enable a Fault-Tolerant Virtual Machine. 273 Identify FT Restrictions 274 Evaluate FT Usage Cases 275 Set Up an FT Network 275 Enable FT for a Virtual Machine 277 Test an FT Configuration 277 Upgrade ESX Hosts Containing FT Virtual Machines 278 Create and Configure Resource Pools 279 Describe Resource Pool Hierarchy 279 Evaluate Appropriate Shares, Reservations, and Limits in a Given Situation 279 Define Expandable Reservation 281 Create Resource Pools 281 Set Resource Shares, Reservations, and Limits 282 Add Virtual Machines to a Pool 283
XVi VCP VMware Certified Professional vsphere 4 Study Guide (Exam VCP410) Migrate Virtual Machines 283 Understand the Three Methods of Virtual Machine Migration 284 Determine Migration Usage Cases 284 Migrate a Virtual Machine Using VMotion 285 Migrate a Virtual Machine Using Storage VMotion 287 Cold-Migrate a Virtual Machine 288 Back Up and Restore Virtual Machines 289 Describe Different Backup and Restore Procedures and Strategies 289 Create, Delete, and Restore Snapshots 290 VMware Data Recovery 292 Create a Backup Job with vcenter Data Recovery 293 Perform Rehearsal and Production Restores Using vcenter Data Recovery 294 Certification Summary 295 / Two-Minute Drill 297 Q&A Self Test 301 Self Test Answers 304 10 Basic Troubleshooting and Alarm Management 307 Basic Troubleshooting for ESX/ESXi 308 General ESX Server Troubleshooting Guidelines 308 Troubleshoot Common Installation Issues 309 Monitor ESX Server System Health 310 Export Diagnostic Data 311 Basic Troubleshooting for VMware FT and Third-Party Clusters 312 Analyze and Evaluate the Virtual Machine Population for Maintenance Mode Considerations 312 Understand Microsoft Clustering Services Failover/Failback... 312 Troubleshoot Fault Tolerance Unexpected Failovers 313 Basic Troubleshooting for Networking 314 Verify a VM Is Connected to the Correct Port Group 314 Verify Port Group Settings Are Correct 315 Verify That the Network Adapter Is Connected Within the VM 317 Verify VM Network Adapter Settings 317 Verify Physical Network Adapter Settings 318
Contents XVII Basic Troubleshooting for Storage 319 Understand Storage Contention Issues 319 Understand Storage Over-Commitment Issues 319 Understand Storage Connectivity Issues 320 Identify iscsi Software Initiator Configuration Issues 320 Interpret Storage Reports 322 Interpret Storage Maps 323 Basic Troubleshooting for HA/DRS and VMotion 325 Requirements for HA/DRS and VMotion 325 Verify VMotion Functionality Is Enabled 325 Interpret the DRS Resource Distribution Graph and Target/Current Host Load Deviation 326 Troubleshoot VMotion Using Topology Maps 327 Understand HA Capacity Issues 328 Create and Respond to vcenter Connectivity Alarms 329 List vcenter Default Connectivity Alarms 329 List Possible Actions for Connectivity Alarms 329 Create a vcenter Connectivity Alarm 330 Create and Respond to vcenter Utilization Alarms 332 List vcenter Default Utilization Alarms 332 List Possible Actions for Utilization Alarms 332 Create a vcenter Utilization Alarm 334 Monitor vsphere ESX/ESXi and Virtual Machine Performance 335 Compare and Contrast Overview and Advanced Charts 337 Create an Advanced Chart 338 Determine Performance Metrics Using Perfmon in a Guest... 339 Certification Summary 341 / Two-Minute Drill 343 Q&A Self Test 346 Self Test Answers 349 A Run vsphere in avirtual Environment for Testing... 353 Why Should You Run vsphere in a Virtual Environment? 354 Performance Expectations 354 Virtual Lab Hardware and Software Requirements 355 Hardware Requirements 355 Software Requirements 356
XVill vcp VMware Certified Professional vsphere 4 Study Guide (Exam VCP410) Configuring the Virtual Lab 356 Installing an ESX 4.0 Host in the Virtual Lab 356 Installing VMware vcenter Server in the Virtual Lab 360 Using iscsi Storage in the Virtual Lab 362 Recommended Test Lab Scenarios 363 B About the CD-ROM 365 System Requirements 366 Installing and Running MasterExam 366 MasterExam 366 Electronic Book 366 Flash Cards 367 Help 367 Removing Installation(s) 367 Technical Support 367 LearnKey Technical Support 367 Index 369