Addictive Behaviors in Women

Addictive Behaviors in Women

5 Addictive Behaviors in Women, 1994 4 Drug Abuse Treatment, 1992 3 Alcohol Abuse Treatment, 1992 2 Liver Pathology and Alcohol, 1991 1 Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention, 1990

Drug and Alcohol Abuse Reviews 5 Addictive Behaviors in Women Edited by Ronald R. Watson University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Copyright 1994 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by The Humana Press Jnc. in 1994 Softcover reprint of the hardccver 1 st edition 1994 AII rights inany form whatsoever res.erved.. 9.8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Nq part of this boqk may be reproduced, stored in a f.etrieval Siystem, or transmltted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise) wifhout written permisslon from Ihe publisher. Photoeopv Authorizafion Policy: AI,JthoriZ/ition ta photocopy items for internalor personal use, Of the. internal ar personal u_ of e specific.r:;lients, is granted by Springer Science+Business Media, LLC provided Ihat the base fee of US$3.00 per copy, plus US $00.20 per page,is paid directlyto the Copyright Clearance Center at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those ojganizations Ihat have been grantedaphotocopylicenseifrom the CCC,aseparate system af'paymenthasbeen arranged and is acceptable ta Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Th.efee cade far us.ers ofthe Transactional Reporting Se.rviceis: [ 0 8 ~2 9 65 07 3- $3.00 4 / 9 + 4 $00.20], Library of CongressCataloging-in-Publication Data Addictive behilviors in women / edited by RQnC\ld R. Watsan. p. cm. - (Drug and alcohal abuse reviews) Includesindex. ISBN 978 1-4612-6698 3 ISBN 978-1-4612-0299-8 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-0299-8 1. W o m e n ~ S uabuse. b s t 2. a nsubsta.nte c e abus.e-sex differences. 3. W o m e n ~ S u ub s et-ap nh yc se i aspec!s. o l o g ic t. Watson,. a l Honald R. (Ronald Ross) II. Series.. RC564.5W65A33 1994 616.86'0082-dc20 93-48458 CIP

Contents vii Preface viii Contributors 1 Personality and Addiction: Focus on Women Deborah L. Haller, Charlene Woodard Motley, and Sidney H. Schnoll 39 Why Women Smoke Cynthia S. Pomerleau, Barbara A. Berman, Ellen R. Gritz, Judith L. Marks, and Susan Goeters 71 Drugs, Alcohol, and the Dysfunctional Family: Male/Female Differences Barbara C. Wallace 97 Alcohol's Role in Sexual Assault Antonia Abbey, Lisa Thomson Ross, and Donna McDuffie 125 Gender Differences in Biological Markers of Alcohol Use Linda S. LaGrange 159 Peer Support Groups for Women in Treatment and Aftercare Lisa Roth and Patricia James 177 Dieting and Alcohol Use in Women Dean D. Krahn, Blake Gosnell, and Candace Kurth 195 Alcohol Effects in Postmenopausal Women Judith S. Gavaler and Elaine R. Rosenblum 215 Effects of Alcohol and Sex Hormones on Host Immune Response in Males and Females Charles J. Grossman, Gary Roselle, Mark Nienaber, and Gary Schmitt v

241 Women, Recovery Groups, and "Love Addiction" Janice Haaken 263 Sexuality Issues of Chemically Dependent Women Janet M. Teets 279 Women and Substance Abuse: A General Review Barbara W. Lex 329 Service Needs of Injection Drug Users: Gender and Racial Differences Diane A. Mathis, Helen A. Navaline, David S. Metzger, and Jerome J. Platt 359 Cannabis Use in the General Population: Male/Female Differences? Hilde Pape, Torild Hammer, and Per Vag/urn 381 Effects of Chemical Dependency in Parenting Women Shoni Davis 415 Women and Health-Related Behaviors: Interrelations Among Substance Use, Sexual Behaviors, and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Michael Windle, Pamela Carlisle-Frank, Limor Azizy, and Rebecca C. Windle 437 Effects of Drugs of Abuse on Reproductive Function in Women and Pregnancy Siew K. Teoh, Nancy K. Mel/o, and Jack H. Mendelson 475 Sex Differences in Children of Substance-Abusing Parents Sydney L. Hans 491 A Comparison of Addictive Behaviors Between Homeless Men and Women Myra Q. Elder, Aaron T. Hogue, Thomas E. Shipley Jr., and Irving W. Shandler 521 Index

Preface Many lifestyle decisions made on a daily basis induce addiction to drugs, work, sex, gambling, or any of the many components of our lives. Some can have deleterious effects on survival and productivity. Some addictions are gender-specific or have special consequences for women, such as the effects of drug use on fetal growth and development. Therefore, research specialists were invited to provide concise reviews of addictive actions and behaviors as they particularly affect women. Addictive Behaviors in Women is a unique collection of summaries of the effects of women's choices that produce various addictive behaviors and some of the consequences of these decisions. Fetal exposure to drugs of abuse, including alcohol and the nicotine in tobacco, produce a major component of all birth defects, and have long-term consequences on society's medical costs. Other behavioral decisions not usually involving drugs of abuse, such as gambling, overeating, and sexual activity, are also known to affect family health and medical costs. By understanding the causes and effects of such addictive decisions, they can be avoided and treated, thereby making women's lives safer, more productive, and healthier. Ronald R. Watson vii

Contributors Antonia Abbey Wayne State University, Detroit, MI Limor Azizy Research Institute on Addictions, Buffalo, NY Barbara A. Berman Division of Cancer Control, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Califomia, Los Angeles, CA Pamela Carlisle-Frank Research Institute on Addictions, Buffalo, NY Shoni Davis King County MOMS Research/Demonstration Project, Perinatal Treatment Program, Seattle, WA Myra Q. Elder The Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Center, Judith S. Gavaler Oklahoma Transplantation Institute, Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK; The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK Susan Goeters Association for Behavior Analysis, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI Blake Gosnell Department of Veterans Affairs, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI Ellen R. Gritz Department of Behavioral Science, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX Charles J. Grossman Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Col/ege of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH Janice Haaken Portland State University, Portland, OR Deborah L. Haller Division of Substance Abuse Medicine, Medical Col/ege of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA Torild Hammer The Norwegian Youth Research Centre, Oslo, Norway Sydney L. Hans Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, IL Aaron T. Hogue. The Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Center, viii

Contributors ix Patricia James Philadelphia Health Management Corporation, Dean D. Krahn Department of Veterans Affairs, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI Candace Kurth Department of Veterans Affairs, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI Linda S. LaGrange Department of Behavioral Science, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM Barbara W. Lex Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA Judith L. Marks Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Diane A. Mathis Division of Addiction Research and Treatment, Hahnemann University School of Medicine, Donna McDuffie Wayne State University, Detroit, MI Nancy K. Mello Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA Jack H. Mendelson Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA David S. Metzger Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Helen A. Navaline Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Mark Nienaber Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Cincinnati, OH Hilde Pape The Norwegian Youth Research Centre, Oslo, Norway Jerome J. Platt Division of Addiction Research and Treatment, Hahnemann University School of Medicine, Cynthia S. Pomerleau Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Gary Roselle Medical Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH *Deceased.

x Contributors Elaine R. Rosenblum Oklahoma Transplantation Institute, Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK; The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK Lisa Thomson Ross Wayne State University, Detroit, MI Lisa Roth Philadelphia Health Management Corporation, Gary Schmitt Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH Sidney H. Schnoll Division of Substance Abuse Medicine, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA Irving W. Shandler The Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Center, Thomas E. Shipley Jr. The Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Center, Siew K. Teoh Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA Janet M. Teets Department of Nursing, Miami University, Oxford, OH Per Vaglum Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine Barbara C. Wallace Department of Health Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York Michael Windle Research Institute on Addictions, Buffalo, NY Rebecca C. Windle Research Institute on Addictions, Buffalo, NY Charlene Woodard Motley Division of Substance Abuse Medicine, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA