Elektronikavfall Thomas Lindhqvist IIIEE Lund University 18 February 2009
Elektronik och miljö Problem? Livscykeltänkande Elektronikavfall kopplat till livscykeln
W hat is e- w aste ( W EEE)?
Varför elektronikavfall? Giftiga ämnen Värdefulla material Ökande konsumtion
Vad kan man göra med elektronikavfall? Återanvända (second hand) Demontera komponenter för återanvändning material för återvinning Smälta ner och återvinna metallerna Skicka iväg det!
Export av elektronikavfall Vad är skälen för att inte exportera?
E-waste in India
E-waste in India
E-waste in India
E-waste in India
Export av elektronikavfall Vad är skälen för att inte exportera? Finns det några motargument? Lagstiftning? Baselkonventionen Second-handproblemet
Hur gör vi för att ta hand om elektronikavfallet? Problemet är om det kostar pengar Eller om någon måste göra något utan att bli betald
Producentansvar (Extended Producer Responsibility EPR) Engage producers to give incentives for change Use knowledge of producers to develop new systems Gather enough resources (financial)
EPR for what? Several products included and discussed: Packaging Cars Electrical & Electronic Equipment (EEE) Batteries Tyres Newsprint, paints, buildings,
Legislative development for EEE Europe Three EU Directives Also Swittzerland & Norway Asia Legislation in force: Taiwan, Japan, Korea* Legislation in preparation: China, India, Thailand... North America Stakeholder discussion at length (US) Legislative measures discussed/enacted in some states/provinces (California, Manitoba, Maine...) etc.
Extended Producer Responsibilty (EPR) - a policy principle Two families of objectives: - Using resources in waste 1. Effective collection 2. High treatment standard 3. Re-use and recycling - Incentives for design changes The one who can change should be given responsibility = producers
Vad säger WEEE-direktivet och RoHS-direktivet RoHS undvik Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr(VI) och vissa brominerade flamskyddsmedel Insamling 4 kg/invånare Ska finnas bekvämt insamlingssystem Producenterna ska betala (varför?) Innebär det att konsumenterna inte betalar? Ska återvinnas
Historic and new products Historic sins Only new products can have a new design historic new law
Collective and Individual Producer Responsibility What is the rationale for IPR (Individual Producer Responsibility)?
Everyone s responsibility is no one s responsibility What does it mean if all responsibilities are shared? What does it mean to have a collective system?
Everyone s responsibility is no one s responsibility I invest 1 million ¼ market share gain 2 million 1 2
Everyone s responsibility is no one s responsibility I invest 1 million ¼ market share gain 2 million I am the only one investing 2 million divided by 4 = 0.5 million for me 1 ½ ½ ½ ½
Everyone s responsibility is no one s responsibility I invest 1 million ¼ market share gain 2 million I am the only one investing 2 million divided by 4 = 0.5 million for me What if all invest 4 * 1 million? (1 million for me) 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
Everyone s responsibility is no one s responsibility I invest 1 million ¼ market share gain 2 million I am the only one investing 2 million divided by 4 = 0.5 million for me What if all invest 4 * 1 million? (1 million for me) Now if I don t invest: 6 million / 4 = 1.5 million It s better not to invest in a collective system! 0 1 1 1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Everyone s responsibility is no one s responsibility The solution is to create individual incentives If a company invests then that company gets the profit Individual Producer Responsibility (IPR)
Vad kommer att hända med WEEEdirektivet och RoHS-direktivet RoHS-2 diskuteras (nya ämnen) Kopplas till kemikalielagstiftningen (REACH)? WEEE-direktivet är under revision Hur mycket ska samlas in 75%? Vem betalar för insamlingen? Vilken lagstiftning ska skapa incitament för designförändringar (WEEE eller EuP)?
EPR a leading research field in the IIIEE