FARMWORKER HOUSING BRIEFING
THE FARMWORKERS
Texas Farmworker Population Map prepared by National Center for Farmworker Health using findings from HHS study by Dr. Alice Larson. Texas has the second most farmworkers of any state in the US
State Adjusted MSFW Farmworker Estimate Migrant Farmworkers Seasonal Farmworkers Non-Farmworkers in Migrant Households Non-Farmworkers in Seasonal Households MSFW Farmworkers & household members % of Total MSFW & household members California 731,745 338,798 392,947 124,508 445,897 1,302,150 53% Texas 196,704 131,638 65,066 77,844 86,863 361,411 15% Washington 185,088 64,411 120,677 16,531 84,696 286,315 12% Florida 194,817 120,430 74,387 44,556 43,914 283,287 11% N. Carolina 100,316 62,697 37,618 24,724 30,851 155,891 6% Arkansas 16,061 10,696 5,364 7,908 2,727 26,695 1% Mississippi 10,368 2,848 7,520 959 4,727 16,054 1% Oklahoma 8,111 3,391 4,721 1,524 4,412 14,047 1% Louisiana 7,636 2,069 5,566 345 3,229 11,210 0.5% Maryland 7,934 7,030 905 981 606 9,522 0.4% 10 state total: 1,458,780 744,008 714,771 299,880 707,922 2,466,582 100.0% # Farmworkers in 10 states with the most farmworkers
Texas farmworkers work in many states and other parts of Texas (60% of MET s TX farmworker clients migrate to perform farmwork)
2 TYPES HOUSING NEEDS: HOMEBASED & MIGRANT HOUSING GROWER- OWNED HOUSING BUILT IN 2005 FOR MIGRANT WORKERS
INTERIOR OF GROWER-OWNED UNIT BUILT IN 2005
CHILDREN LIVE IN FARMWORKER HOUSING & OFTEN WORK WITH THEIR PARENTS IN THE FIELDS
Communities from 46 counties indicated a need for migrant or seasonal farmworker housing. (indicated by crosshatch) Source: Migrant Labor Housing Facilities in Texas: A Report on the Quantity, Availability, Need, and Quality of Migrant Labor Housing in the States. A Report Required by HB 1099, Section 2(f) of the 79 th Legislature, TDHCA, September 1, 2006
CHILDREN SHARPENING TOOLS IN FRONT OF THEIR MIGRANT HOMES
VALLEY FARMWORKERS TAKE A BREAK FROM WORK NEAR PECOS TX
USDA-FARM LABOR HOUSING IN TEXAS Children play in the only shade they could find at Floydada housing complex
TEXAS FARMWORKERS LACK FAIR SHARE OF USDA-FUNDED LABOR HOUSING Location of USDA 514/516 facilities across US Source: USDA Section 514/516 Farmworker Housing: Existing Stock and Changing Needs, Housing Assistance Council, 2006.
Current USDA Farm Labor Housing Inventory Texas Farm Labor Housing - Section 514/516 Inventory # of Units Region Name of Project Location County in 2009 Panhandle/Plains 1 Amistad Housing Hereford Deaf Smith 50 2 Azteca Economic Apartments Dimmitt Castro 80 3 Muleshoe Labor Housing Muleshoe Bailey 73 4 Windmill Village Littlefield Lamb 21 5 Housing Authorityof Plainview Court Plainview Hale 160 6 Paducah Housing Authority Paducah Cottle 16 7 Morton Meadows Morton Cochran 21 8 Plains East Apartments Anton Hockley 14 9 Lorenzo Farm Labor Housing Lorenzo Crosby 40 TransTexas 10 Herbert Tio Cooper Apartments El Paso El Paso 50 11 Del Rio Housing Authority Del Rio Val Verde 42 12 Crystal City Farm Labor Housing Crystal City Zavala 26 13 Enrique Montalvo Riverside Manor Eagle Pass Maverick 60 14 Aldo Tatangelo Housing Laredo Webb 48 Rio Grande Valley 15 Colonia Remigo Valdesm Jr. San Antonio Bexar 75 16 Memorial Apartments McAllen Hidalgo 246 17 Northside Apartments Weslaco Hidalgo 289 18 San Jaun Farm Labor Housing San Juan Hidalgo 32 19 Willacy Housing Authority Raymondville Willacy 59 Total Facilities 19 Total Units 1402 Net Unit Loss since 2004 (148)
HOUSING GAP TEXAS POPULATION Texas farmworkers and family members COMPARED TO HOUSING INVENTORY people 360,000 units USDA farm labor housing apartments 1,400 Other TDHCA migrant licensed housing facilities (producer-provided) 200
VALLEY FARMWORKER FROM PECOS LOST THEIR JOBS WHEN HOUSING CLOSED
FLOYDADA HOUSING WAS BUILT IN EARLY 1980s AND IS NOW IN FORECLOSURE SALE
PLAINVIEW FARM LABOR HOUSING Among the 1 st facilities built in 1960s
Bexar County Housing Authority Colonia Remigio Valdez Jr Migrant Housing Complex San Antonio TX
Bexar County Housing Authority Colonia Remigio Valdez Jr Migrant Housing Complex San Antonio TX
Crystal City Housing Authority Juan Duran Courts Crystal City TX
Crystal City Housing Authority Farm Labor Housing Crystal City TX
Del Rio Housing Authority Villas de Val Verde (newest units in TX, completed 2008) Del Rio TX
Del Rio Housing Authority Villas de Val Verde (newest units in TX) Del Rio TX
Eagle Pass Housing Authority Enrique Montalvo Riverside Manor Eagle Pass TX
Eagle Pass Housing Authority Enrique Montalvo Riverside Manor Eagle Pass TX
Laredo Housing Authority Aldo Tatangelo Farm Labor Housing Laredo TX
Laredo Housing Authority Aldo Tatangelo Farm Labor Housing Laredo TX
Azteca Economic Development Corp New Replacement Units (2006) Dimmit TX
Azteca Economic Development Corp Before (left) New Replacement Units (right - built 2006) Dimmit TX
Floydada Housing Authority Floydada TX (nearing foreclosure)
Floydada Housing Authority Floydada TX (nearing foreclosure)
Amistad Economic Development Corporation Hereford TX (built 1990)
Amistad Economic Development Corporation Hereford TX
Willacy County Housing Authority Raymondville TX
Willacy County Housing Authority Raymondville TX
Hidalgo County Housing Authority Memorial Apartments McAllen TX
Hidalgo County Housing Authority Memorial Apartments McAllen TX
El Paso Housing Authority Tio Cooper Apartments (completed 2003) El Paso TX
El Paso Housing Authority Tio Cooper Apartments (completed 2003) El Paso TX
People s Self Help Los Adobes de Maria Santa Maria CA, Completed 1995 65 Farmworker Housing Units, 2, 3, 4 and 5 bedroom units USDA, Section 514 &516 financing with rental assistance and local funds
People s Self Help Canyon Creek Apartments Paso Robles CA, 2007 68 housing units 14 Farmworker Units with USDA Section 514 & rental assistance 10 State of California farmworker units 42 Units very low income locally employed households 2 Units for Property Management & Maintenance 7 funding sources includes USDA & State FW Program
RANCHO LINDO Lamont CA, San Joaquin Valley 2009 44 units for farmworkers Funding: Section 514 LIHTC HOME
MANATEE VILLAGE 62 units for farmworkers Ranskin FL, 2005 128 beds in 16 Apartments $35 per week per tenant Funding USDA 514/516 CDBG (Land Acquisition) State of Florida $1.5M Grant Federal Home Loan Bank AHP Rural Neighborhoods Evergreen FL Affordable Housing for Working Families
LIVE OAK VILLAS II 80 Units, % Farmworker Ft Pierre FL, 2007 Rural Neighborhoods Evergreen FL Affordable Housing for Working Families Funding: LIHTC FL State Farmworker Set-Aside Private-Sector 1st Mortgage Local Government Grant
Catholic Charities Housing Services Yakima WA Built 1990s
HUGE NEED FOR IMPROVED HOUSING
INDIVIDUAL HOMES LOOK LIKE HOMES OF THE RURAL POOR
FARMWORKER POVERTY MEANS MOST LIVE IN SUBSTANDARD,
OVERCROWDED, Before rehab After rehab
Before rehab After rehab
Before rehab After rehab
OR FAMILIES PAY MORE THAN THEY CAN AFFORD. Before rehab During rehab
Before rehab After rehab
Before rehab After rehab
MOST FARMWORKER HOUSEHOLDS INCLUDE CHILDREN
TDHCA & FARMWORKER HOUSING: NOW 1. Funding statewide study of rural and farmworker/housing 2. HTF Match & RHEP offer new possibilities 3. Includes Migrant Farmworkers as a Special Needs Group (HOME & LIHTC) & within the Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing 4. Created the Bootstrap self-help housing program (initially was an effort to house farmworkers) 5. HOME program provided occasional funding to create and preserve Section 514/516 multi-family housing 6. Inspects & Licenses Migrant Housing Facilities 7. CSBG non-housing assistance to migrant workers 8. Ability to provide tax credits with Section 514 (not used)
TDHCA & FARMWORKER HOUSING: WISH LIST (page 1) 1. Change the HOME and LIHTC Special Needs designation from Migrant Farmworkers to Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers and Develop ways to reach out to this population Within HOME, only 11 farmworkers were served over a 4 year period with HOME funds, equal to 0.13% of those assisted within the Special Needs designation None were served with LIHTC
TDHCA & FARMWORKER HOUSING: WISH LIST (page 2) 2. Actualize priority for housing farmworkers 3. Develop a strategy to ensure farmworker housing goals; Review other states examples 4. Prioritize scoring for LIHTC 5. Use TDHCA programs to leverage federal farm labor housing. Provide: Early funding commitments to win federal competition. Synchronize timing with 514/516 Rehabilitation for preservation Predevelopment funding
TDHCA & FARMWORKER HOUSING: WISH LIST (page 3) 6. Allow underwriting flexibility for projects serving farmworkers 7. Give priority scoring points within various TDHCA housing programs for farmworkers 8. Help with capacity building and training for farm labor housing operators or potential sponsors. Training & hands-on assistance: Asset management How to sustain older facilities into the future Finding funds for rehabilitation Compliance issues