Sustainable Sanitation case: Noorderhoek Ir. Brendo Meulman
Content Noorderhoek the project Noorderhoek research and evaluation Noorderhoek results Other projects
DeSaH B.V. Sustainable and innovative (C2C) Sanitation Leading Founded in 2005 mainly active in The Netherlands, but willing to expand
DeSaH B.V. Consultancy Engineering Contracting Operation & Maintenance
Partners Noorderhoek Housing cooperation Elkien Waterboard Fryslan Municipality Sudwest Fryslan STOWA DeSaH
The project Projection: 230 new built houses from 2008 in 4 years Projection: 600 inhabitants in total 1st phase (2011) 62 appartments, 79P.E. 1st phase all inhabitants >60 years Separation BP10 of black and grey water Collection of VF waste byvacuumshredders Extensive evaluation period 2011 2013 2nd phase (2014) 45 houses In 2015 there are 170 PE connected
The project
The project Sustainable sanitation based on: No risks for (human) health maximum energy recovery Phosphate recovery minimal BP9 water usage, no water reuse Minimal non reusable/harmful by products Easy to use and well accepted
Schematic overview 7% 93%
Detailed scheme Conversion of organics to biogas Biogas for heating Recovery of phosphate Energy efficient removal of nitriogen Treatment / polish of grey and black water Heat recovery
How does it look
Research and evaluation Goals Evaluation effectiviness concept Insight in concept Sustainable Sanitation Options for improvement and upscaling Approach 7 research topics Comparison with reference
Research and evaluation Performance system Operation and Social maintenance 0acceptance Energy Financial analyses X Micropollutants Sustainability
Research and evaluation Reference Central system 100.000 p.e. N, P-removal, sludge digestion Reference sewer: mixed Functional parameter: per inhab.year Noorderhoek Corrected for loading rates
Performance Results System functions well, although total load is 14% of design load Watersaving ca 35%
Water saving 140 120 100 Waterverbruik (l/p/d) 80 60 40 totaal zwart grijs 20 0 Nederland (gemiddeld) Waterschoon Lemmerweg Oost Watersaving Waterschoon compared to Dutch average is 30% Waterusage of prototype vacuum kitchen grinder is ca. 7L/ie*d
Performance Results System functions well, although too low loading Watersaving ca 30% Discharge limits (mg/l)
Results effluent Parameter Eenh eid Waterschoo n Effluent Lemmerweg Oost Lozingseis Rem % CZV t mg.l 1 62,2 108 125 96% CZV f mg.l 1 63,2 92,7 CZV SS * mg.l 1 15,3 CZV c * mg.l 1 26,8 CZV o mg.l 1 50,5 65,9 N t mg.l 1 4,17 9,09 15 96% NH 4 N mg.l 1 1,04 0,87 NO 3 N mg.l 1 0 0,6 NO 2 N mg.l 1 0 0,07 P t mg.l 1 8,66 1,7 2 68% PO 4 P mg.l 1 7,89 1,18 Cationic surfactans mg.l 1 0,19 0,22 Anion surfactans mg.l 1 1,88 6,64 Non ionic surfactans mg.l 1 0,72 2,26
Performance Results System functions well, although too low loading Watersaving ca 30% Discharge limits (mg/l) Sludge quality: Cu en Zn too high
Heavy metals in sludge Parameter Dimension Standards for manure Waterschoon Sludge UASB Lemmerweg Oost Sludge WWTP Sludge UASB 1 Sludge UASB 2 DS % 4.1 4.3 3.4 As mg/kg DS 15 5.7 <10 <10 16,0 Cd mg/kg DS 1.25 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.28 Cr mg/kg DS 75 16,4 15.2 12.5 37,3 Cu mg/kg DS 75 267,5 221 250 400 Hg mg/kg DS 0.75 0,58 0.4 0.4 1,04 Ni mg/kg DS 30 15,8 13 11 27,5 Pb mg/kg DS 100 43,0 13.9 18 127 Zn mg/kg DS 300 975 813 890 1096
Heavy metals in sludge Parameter Dimension Waterschoon Sludge UASB Lemmerweg Oost Cow manure (van Dooren et al., 2005) P fertilizer (Remy en Ruhland, 2006) Sludge Sludge UASB UASB 1 2 As mg/kg P 93 <200 <227 33.2 Cd mg/kg P 13.1 16 18.2 32.7 90.5 Cr mg/kg P 269 304 284 1145 1245 Cu mg/kg P 4385 4420 5682 14397 207 Hg mg/kg P 9,8 8 9.1 0.7 Ni mg/kg P 259 260 250 1472 202 Pb mg/kg P 705 278 409 695 154 Zn mg/kg P 15984 16260 20227 25947 1923
Performance Results System functions well, although too low loading Watersaving ca 30% Discharge limits (mg/l) Sludge quality: Cu en Zn too high Optimizations possible
Conclusion performance Based on the results there has been calculated that current installtion can handle 1.200 P.E This is 25x more than connected during the research period In the other research topics the assumption has been made that 1.200 P.E were connected. This doens t mean that the ideal scale is 1.200 P.E!! Several optimizations possible, a few have been included in the other research topics based on expert judgement
Optimizations Higher loading Other type of struvite reactor Heat recovery from black water Design of greywater sewer Less waterusage vacuum kitchen grinder Sludge storage, higher DM-content and less transport
Operation and maintenance Results Well controlable No major issues: small problems; all solved Do s and don ts No bucket with cleaning water in the toilet No chlorine cleaning agents Vacuumsewer demands specific knowledge
Energy Results kwh/p.e.y reference Noorderhoek (optimized) Biogasproduction Chemical 60,6 148,2 Heat demand Thermal 5,5 50,0 Heat production Thermal 30,3 476,8 Heat pump Electricity 0,0 105,6 Electricity wwtp Electricity 30,0 20,8 Electricity production Electricity 22,4 0,0 Electricity transport Electricity 28,1 29,9 Total gas Chemical 0 148,2 Total electricity Electricity 33,8 156,2 Total heat Thermal 0 426,8 Totaal primair primair 87,7 184,4
Financial analysis Results Samenvatting Onderdeel Totaal Totaal per inwoner aandeel Eigenaar Investeringen - Inzamelsysteem 737.000 682 EURO 33% Gemeente - Meerkosten sanitair en binnenhuisriolering 707.000 655 EURO 32% Woningstichting / realisator - Zuivering 800.000 741 EURO 36% Woningstichting / realisator Totaal investeringen 2.244.000 2.078 EURO 100% Afschrijvingen - Inzamelsysteem 16.193 14,99 EURO/jaar 23% Gemeente - Meerkosten sanitair en binnenhuisriolering 23.578 21,83 EURO/jaar 33% Woningstichting / realisator - Zuivering 31.238 28,92 EURO/jaar 44% Woningstichting / realisator Totaal afschrijvingen 71.010 65,75 EURO/jaar 100% Onderhoud / exploitatie / besparingen - Inzamelsysteem 3.217 2,98 EURO/jaar 46% Gemeente - Meerkosten sanitair en binnenhuisriolering - - EURO/jaar - Woningstichting / realisator - Zuivering 73.499 68,05 EURO/jaar 1045% Woningstichting / realisator - Besparingen -69.683-64,52 EURO/jaar -991% Bewoners / gemeente Totaal onderhoud / exploitatie / besparingen 7.033 6,51 EURO 100% - Inzamelsysteem 19.411 17,97 EURO/jaar 25% - Meerkosten sanitair en binnenhuisriolering 23.578 21,83 EURO/jaar 30% - Zuivering 104.737 96,98 EURO/jaar 134% - Besparingen -69.683-64,52 EURO/jaar -89% Totaal jaarlijkse kosten 78.043 72,26 EURO/jaar 100% Total costs of exploitation (depreciation and savings included) for the source separated system Noorderhoek in a housing estate with 1200 inwoners, are EUR 78.043 a year. This is EUR 72 per inhabitant/year.
Financial analysis Results Totaal Investering Afschrijving Exploitatie Totaal aandeel (EUR) (EUR/jaar) (EUR/jaar) (EUR/jaar) in totaal Inzamelsysteem DWA-riolering 856.985 14.283 530 14.813 19% perceelsaansluitingen 154.644 2.577 0 2.577 3% gemaal, nat met capaciteit 9 m³/h 0 0 0 - bouwkundig 7.732 155 155 309 0% - mechanisch / electrisch 15.464 1.031 773 1.804 2% - persleiding (2 km) 154.644 2.577 0 2.577 3% subtotaal inzamelsysteem 1.189.469 20.623 1.458 22.081 28% Zuivering Kosten RWZI* - - - 55.800 72% TOTAAL 1.189.469 20.623 1.458 77.881 Samenvatting aandeel Onderdeel Totaal Totaal per inwoner in totaal Investering inzamelsysteem 1.189.000 991 EURO Investering RWZI - - EURO Afschrijving inzamelsysteem 20.623 17,19 EURO/jaar 26% Onderhoud inzamelsysteem 1.458 1,21 EURO/jaar 2% Totale RWZI-kosten 55.800 46,50 EURO/jaar 72% Totaal jaarlijkse kosten 77.881 64,90 EURO/jaar The source separated system at the investigated scale of 1200 inhabitants is circa 11 % more expensive than the reference at a scale of 100.000PE. If the source separated system would be upscaled to 2.400 inhabitants it becomes cheaper than the reference (same accountants for downscaling the reference to 50.000)
Sustainability Results Mass balance of carbon
Results Black water, COD balance 160 140 120 CZVt vracht per ie (g d 1 ie 1) 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 influent biogas UASB slib OLAND slib struviet effluent
Results Grey water, temperature 30 25 Temperatuur ( C) 20 15 10 T = 12,5 oc 5 0 20 08 11 17 01 12 15 06 12 12 11 12 11 04 13 08 09 13 BU01 (TT08) b trap (TT04) Datum (dd mm jj)
Sustainability Results Mass balance of carbon Mass balance of phosphorous
Results Black water, P balance 1,8 1,6 1,4 Pt vracht per ie (g d 1 ie 1) 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 influent biogas UASB slib OLAND slib struviet effluent
Overall conclusions Technically the system operates very well A lot of valuable knowledge has been gathered Optimization have been defined that can be implemented in the follow up of Noorderhoek or in other future installations The reference is slightly performing better on costs but by increasing the amount of P.E to 2.400 the source separated system outperformes the reference A net energy producing wwtp is possible, including resource recovery and very high removal efficiencies
DeSaR pilot Sneek
Schematic, Ukrain
Schematic, NIOO
Schematic, Villa Flora
Future projects Ministery of I&E, new officie building with 4.300 employees in The Haque Buiksloterham (?), Amsterdam, 1000 houses Kreekrijk (?), Zaanstad, 900 houses Almere (?), 900 houses Helsingborg (?), 350 houses Gent
Decentral Urban Wastewater Treatment with Energy and Nutrient recovery > 400 dwellings + school/kindergarten/sports facility South 200 units 2018 Central + public functions 110 units 2016 North 125 units 2016 Schipperskaai Ghent DuCoop cooperative
DUWTEN recovering energy, water and nutrients Gray water: 36.000 m³/j Waste temperature after sanitation: 25 C HP production 700 MWh th > 30.000 m³ water re used as industrial process water Black water: 4.600 m³/j CHP: 112 MWh th and 50 MWh el 11 ton silt/j To be burned Nutrients 1,5 ton struvite/j Used in urban agriculture
1/3 of heat demand produced from waste streams Black water Combined Heat & power Gray water Heat pump
Business model Shareholder structure :