Data Center Combined Heat and Power Benefits and Implementation Justin Grau, Google Inc. Sam Brewer, GEM Energy
Data Center Challenges Electric Load Densification Thermal Dissipation Requires constant cooling Power limits from utility Electric costs Unreliable electric grid Moore s Law
Market Fundamentals Energy has been very inexpensive traditionally A wasteful energy economy has evolved that is running into limits to growth As limits are approached or exceeded, energy prices become expensive and reliability decreases Growth in population and standard of living puts pressure on our energy system Environmental degradation issues are related to our energy system Regulatory bias against clean energy technologies is being removed
Risk Electric supply availability and quality is the key variable for data operations Current planning does not adequately address reliability for long duration electric outages (48 hours+) Computers run almost everything Diesel reciprocating generators are not reliable for long duration events Standby diesel generator have high emissions due to the costs of adding emission reducing equipment
Legacy Electrical Distribution Model
Current Legacy Data Center Normal Operation Diesel Fuel Storage Utility Provides Electric Power UPS provides quality control of electricity Diesel Generators Battery System Central Grid Utility Switchgear UPS PDU IT Equipment Infrastructure Chillers DX Units Pumps Lights Cooling Interface / Infrastructure Key Raw Electricity Clean Electricity Fuel Chilled Water
Current Legacy Data Center Emergency Operation Diesel Fuel Storage Utility is absent UPS components fail because of generator output quality Diesel Generators provide power Diesel Generators Battery System Central Grid Utility Switchgear UPS PDU IT Equipment Infrastructure Chillers DX Units Pumps Lights Cooling Interface / Infrastructure Key Raw Electricity Clean Electricity Fuel Chilled Water Cooling system becomes less reliable because of power quality and switching Reliability decreases to ~0 after 1 2 weeks
Distributed Generation Model 50% fewer links in the distribution chain Resource Recovery Gas Distribution End User Gas Drilling Company Gas Utility You
On Site Power Generation Technology Needs a primary fuel Must operate unattended and be reliable Must be cost effective Must be less polluting than the utility
Benefits of CHP over 1MW Legacy Data center Increased Reliability Tier 4 data center (Uptime Institute) 4 hour outage in any 5 year period 48 minute outage in any 1 year period CHP Data Center (US EPA) CHP + 1 utility feed provides for an expected 43 minute outage in any 1 year period CH + 2 utility feeds provides for an expected 7 minute outage in any 1 year period
Green Data Center CHP Retrofit Reduces Operational Costs Additional network deliverable fuel source Alternate cooling technology Environmentally friendly
Green Data Center New Build
Green Data Center New Build 2
Benefits of CHP over 1 MW Legacy Data center Reduced annual electricity costs Utility= $1,350,000 CHP= $390,000 Decreased annual emissions (metric tons) Utility CO2= 10,800 Nox= 12.5 CHP CO2= 5,300 NOx= 1.6
University of Toledo Project Summary Modular Construction Project Vitals Type Data Center Year 2012 Location Function Reason Electric Heat Cooling Toledo, OH Mission Critical Cost Reduction 260 kw 1.0 MMBTU/hr 100 Tons Backup Level 1 Configuration CPS M260 100C Savings $150,000+
Syracuse University Project Summary Project Vitals Type Data Center Year 2010 Location Function Reason Electric Heat Syracuse, NY Mission Critical Cost Reduction 780 kw 4.0 MMBTU/hr Cooling Backup Level 1 300 Tons Chilled Water Configuration Savings IPS M390 160c(2) $300,000+/year
Questions? Contact Information: Justin Grau justingrau@google.com Sam Brewer sbrewer@gemenergy.comn