WiMAX/LTE Solutions End to End architecture and services Carl-Edward Joys Tekna Mars, 2009
Agenda 1. General architecture 2. QoS 3. Security 4. Mobility
1 General architecture 3 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
802.16e-2005 WiMAX network Main components End-User Devices R.GW PCMCIA PDA WiMAX Base Station 802.16e-2005 TDD AAS SOFDMA Mobility ASN Gateway WiMAX Access Control Security and Authentication Accounting Traffic routing Mobility OMC Operation & Maintenance Center Advanced radio network optimization and performance management BS IP IP Core Network/ Applications Head end BS ASN Gateway 4 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
LTE Architecture Application servers X2 enode B IP transport backbone MME Service IP backbone MD Multi-standard S User Database enode B S1 3GLTE S/P GW Network simplification EPC - Network Simplification User Plane : 3 functional entities : enode B, Serving Gateway and PDN Gateway (the gateways can be combined into a single physical entity) C-plane U-plane GGSN C-plane U-plane S-GW P-GW GGSN S/P-GW SGSN MME Control plane : RNC SGSN MME (Mobility Management Entity) RNC enode B NodeB enode B 5 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
802.16e-2005 WiMAX network Main components End-User Devices R.GW PCMCIA PDA WiMAX Base Station 802.16e-2005 TDD AAS SOFDMA Mobility ASN Gateway WiMAX Access Control Security and Authentication Accounting Traffic routing Mobility OMC Operation & Maintenance Center Advanced radio network optimization and performance management BS IP IP Core Network/ Applications Head end BS ASN Gateway 6 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
WiMAX Forum network profiles R3 ASN- GW R4 R3 R6 R6 ASN-GW + R4 BS R8 BS BS R1 Type A and C R1 R1 Type B The type A and C differs in function localisation between BS and ASN-GW No internal interfaces visible 7 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
WiMAX d-standard Network Architecture WiMAX RAN OMC Billing Center Indoor Router w/ QoS AAA server Option: Authentication DHCP Traffic routing BS Services Outdoor Base Station INTERNET Service Edge Packet Session Border Gate NGN VoIP MGW PSTN PLMN 8 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
WiMAX e-standard Network Architecture WiMAX RAN OMC-R Billing Center Indoor Outdoor BS Base Station WiMAX Access Control ASN- GW HA Router with HA function AAA server Access Control Security and Authentication Accounting Traffic routing Mobility Management Authentication Security policies Services Authorization Subscriber profile Access Roaming Services INTERNET Service Edge Packet Session Border Gate NGN VoIP MGW PSTN PLMN 9 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
Important differences D-standard Fixed use (or quasi-mobile) Usually FDD (Frequency Division Duplex Separate up/down frequencies) Subscribers defined in the base station (via the management system) Layer 2 network E-standard Fixed, nomadic and mobile use In beginning only TDD (Time Division Duplex Same frequency for up/down) Needs synchronization between base stations (GPS) frequency + phase Subscribers defined in centralized databases (not WiMAX specific) Layer 3 network (unless Ethernet CS available option in WiMAX profiles) 10 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
Alcatel-Lucent WiMAX RAN Generic Interoperability WIMAX RAN R3 interface OMC-R DHCP server AAA server RTSP client Indoor SIP client Outdoor PEF BS Over the Air Interface WiMAX certified (R1) PDF WAC FA INTERNET 5 1 6 3 MIP protocol 7 HA SIP protocol Router with HA function Gq/Gq interface 2 RTSP protocol 4 P-CSCF Session Border Controller NGN/IMS Network Softswitch Video streaming server 11 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
Alcatel-Lucent WiMAX RAN Generic Interoperability WiMAX Base Station CPEs Over the Air interface is certified by WiMAX Forum 7 Standard Interfaces for Alcatel RAN interoperability with any network 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Native IP interface for user plane (TCP/IP, RFC 1122) Gq (3GPP IMS) or Gq (TISPAN) Diameter interface for QoS management Main 3GPP TS 29.209 Policy Control over Gq interface Not mandatory, if not present VoIP with BE QoS SIP protocol (RFC 3261) RADIUS interface towards AAA server (main RFC 2865) + EAP-TTLS Interface towards DNS/DHCP server for MSS IP@ (RFC 2131 DHCP) Mobile IP interface to Home Agent function (RFC 3344) RTSP protocol(3gpp TS26.234) 12 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
LTE architecture overview Control Plane GGSN SGSN RNC User Plane NodeB e enodeb Control Plane User Plane MME S/PGW 3GPP R8 standard (Feb 2008) Flat IP architecture Higher throughput Lower latency 13 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009 New mobile core network introduced with LTE QoS-enabled high capacity data plane Support Mobility management Fully IP-based (all-ip)
The EPC Is Similar To Fixed Broadband Architecture, but Key Differences Remain Common Attributes with Fixed Broadband Broadband capacity QoS for multi-service delivery Per-user and per-application policies Highly available network elements Mobile-Specific Attributes User mobility (handovers) Battery / power saving (paging) Roaming between operators Shared access resources e 14 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
2 QoS 15 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
802.16-2005 QoS Service flow SF is a MAC layer connection defined by QoS parameters values A medium access scheduling mechanism (uplink case) MS Service flows end points BS Can be pre-provisioned or dynamically created Data delivery Services (Service flow types) UGS (Unsolicited Grant Service) ERT-VR (Extended Real Time Variable Rate) RT-VR (Real Time Variable Rate) NRT-VR (Non-Real Time Variable Rate) QoS parameters Traffic rate, Tolerate jitter, Max latency, Unsolicited grant interval Min reserved traffic rate, Max sustained traffic rate, Max jitter, Max latency, Unsolicited grant interval, priority Min reserved traffic rate, Max sustained traffic rate, Max jitter, Max latency, Unsolicited polling interval, priority Min reserved traffic rate, Max sustained traffic rate, Traffic priority Examples of application VoIP without silence suppression, circuit emulation, leased line VoIP with silence suppression, gaming, leased line Video, streaming, leased line Internet access with guaranteed BW (i.e. 512kbps Internet access), delay tolerant data streams BE (Best Effort) Max sustained traffic rate, Traffic priority Background communication (Mail, FTP etc) 16 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
QoS bearer on radio Bandwidth request/grant mgt. Contrary to WiFi, the BTS fully controls transmission schedule on both uplink and downlinks. UL/DL MAP messages Sent by the BTS at the beginning of each radio frame Advertises the MSs of the radio frame usage Which MS are recipients of which downlinks packets Which MS is allowed to emit on which uplink Time/carrier slot (burst). 18 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
QoS bearer on radio Bandwidth request/grant mgt. UGS BTS offers fixed grants on a real time periodic basis No per UL packet requests needed from the MS Bandwidth wasted if not used rtvr & E-rtVR BTS offers fixed small grants on a real time periodic basis allowing the MS to ask for bandwidth without contending Preferable for supporting variable bit rate traffic Unicast polling has a cost in term of bandwidth BE & nrtvr Mobile contends for requesting for being polled 19 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
802.16-2005 QoS Bandwidth request/grant mgt. MS BTS The MS contents to ask the BTS for being polled The MS requests BW for a specific CID CDMA access code UL MAP Message Bandwidth request N frames UL MAP Message The BTS includes an unicast polling interval in the UL MAP for the MS The BTS includes an uplink slot in the UL MAP for the CID. The MS sends packet using the UL transmission opportunity Packet sent 20 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
802.16-2005 QoS Bandwidth request/grant mgt. MS BTS The MS requests BW for a specific CID UL MAP Message Bandwidth request N frames UL MAP Message The BTS includes an unicast polling interval in the UL MAP for the MS The BTS includes an uplink slot in the UL MAP for the CID. The MS sends packet using the UL transmission opportunity Packet sent 21 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
802.16-2005 QoS Bandwidth request/grant mgt. MS BTS UL MAP Message The BTS includes an uplink slot in the UL MAP for the CID. The MS sends packet using the UL transmission opportunity Packet sent 22 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
User s QoS profile Stored into the AAA Contains the list of authorized service flow One default BE service flow pair activated at network entry 0, 1 or several other pairs activated at network entry (e.g ERT-VR based lease line) or dynamically as service session establishment (e.g. UGS service flow for voice). Is downloaded from the AAA to the serving WAC at network entry (Radius Access Accept message) Via Radius VSA as defined by the WiMAX Forum (NWG) 23 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
3 Security 24 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
Authentication and Security features WAC is the WiMAX RAN central element for authentication Radius Client included in WAC WAC relays authentication, and receives user profile authorization via RADIUS WAC calculates AK key and transmits to BS on Control Plane messages between WAC & BS WAC & BS set up Service Flows according to user s profile WAC sends accounting data to AAA Server via RADIUS 3) Security over the air setup 4) Service flow establishment 2) Authorization EAP/PKM WAC 5) Accounting EAP/RADI US AAA server 1) Authentication Authentication & Security with WiMAX 25 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
Security frame work Basic security steps Terminal Access network Home network AAA EAP-key Authentication/Authorization with credentials exchange (certificates or shared secret) EAP-key Crypto suite negotiation EAP-Key Key hierarchy derivation Key hierarchy derivation Data signed / encrypted Additional signaling e.g. key renewal 26 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
Security: Authentication Terminal Access network Home network WAC AAA WAC IP AAA Core network EAP method (e.g. TLS, TTLS, SIM etc.) EAP WiMAX Access PKM RADIUS Centralized data base, and user profile provisioning Standard protocols (IETF) Enable Roaming while provide flexibility in the Authentication method EAP-TTLS/CHAP, EAP-SIM, EAP-AKA Secured Mutual Authentication 27 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
Authentication Method EAP-TTLS/CHAP Basics Terminal Home network AAA The terminal is pre-provisioned with root certificate allowing it to check the authenticity of the network certificate Establishment of the secured tunnel. Same principles than HTTPS connection establishment with an authenticated web site (e.g. payment portal) CHAP is carried out through this tunnel allowing the network to authenticated the secured tunnel end point (I.e.terminal/user) Network authentication X509 certificate Encrypted tunnel establishment CHAP authentication User authentication 28 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
Authentication in network entry Pre-provisioned service flow MS BS WAC DHCP AAA -Scanning -Ranging -Basic & primary CID -Capabilities nego. Association Authentication PKM key exchange QoS profile (Radius Access Accept) -Low bite rate SF -Void classifier Default BE service flow setup IP configuration -QoS parameter set update -Classifier update BE service flow update 30 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
IP configuration Terminal BS WAC (DHCP relay) DHCP server DHCP Request DHCP Response DHCP Request + MIP HA option DHCP Request + HA IP Address Multiple HA deployment enabled allows for transport optimization (HA co-located with IPS points of presence) allows for load sharing between HA 31 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
E2E QoS in WiMAX: Session level MS BS WAC* SBC (P/I-CSCF) SoftSwith (S-CSCF) SIP invite (SDP offer) Service Flow Creation (UGS, RTPS, ) Service Flow Request (Creation) Service Flow Response (OK) SIP 100: Trying SIP Ringing Diameter: AAR (service info, session id) CAC Diameter: AAA (success) SIP invite (SDP offer) SIP Trying SIP Ringing MS SBC SS Application client (e.g. SIP user agent, RTSP client) BS WAC Application proxies (e.g. SIP, RTSP proxies) IMS-CSCF MGC WiMAX radio interface Policy function Access Border Gate function MG WiMAX Access Network * One WAC acts as a Diameter Relay for the others Transport plane QoS sensitive services network 32 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
Alcatel-Lucent WiMAX RAN Generic Interoperability WIMAX RAN R3 interface OMC-R DHCP server AAA server RTSP client Indoor SIP client Outdoor PEF BS Over the Air Interface WiMAX certified (R1) PDF WAC FA INTERNET 5 1 6 3 MIP protocol 7 HA SIP protocol Router with HA function Gq/Gq interface 2 RTSP protocol 4 P-CSCF Session Border Controller NGN/IMS Network Softswitch Video streaming server 33 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
WiMAX Forum network profiles R3 ASN- GW R4 R3 R6 R6 ASN-GW + R4 BS R8 BS BS R1 Type A and C R1 R1 Type B The type A and C differs in function localisation between BS and ASN-GW No internal interfaces visible 34 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
4 Mobility 35 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
Alcatel-Lucent Network features Mobility Solutions Usages Models Nomadicity Portability Simple Mobility Full Mobility Multilayer IP Based Mobility Micro mobility Macro mobility Inter technology mobility 36 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
Mobility Solutions - Micro mobility (intra-wac HO) Micro mobility based on 3 functional steps Handover preparation Selection of candidate target BS(s) Resource reservation Handover execution MSS disconnected from the network Fast connection with target BS After this step MSS can send/receive packets to/from network Handover is mobile initiated and network controlled 38 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
Inter-WAC handover Inter-WAC handover involves a temporary tunnel before relocation can be performed by new WAC GW GW GW GW GW GW 39 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
Mobility - Wireless nomadicity Micro Macro B S B S WAC HA IP Networks B S NWG R6 WAC MIP Proxy MIP implementation of Mobile IP Terminal is mobile IP unaware Real time flows: HO interruption time limited VoIP user only experiences, if any, a very short cut during handover None real time flows: specific handling mechanism Dramatically reduced packet loss during handover 40 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
Mobility - Wireless nomadicity B S WAC Fixed/Nomadic B S HA B S NWG R6 WAC IP net. Solution can be easily be limited to fixed nomadic network (Legal requirements compliancy) HA removed / Mobility feature turned off Network is mobile ready 41 WiMAX Tekna 2009 Nettverk og mobilitet Mars 2009
Questions?
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