PhD in Management, Production and Design Os&h in critical ATECO codified activities

PhD in Management, Production and Design Os&h in critical ATECO codified activities Research Title: Criteria for improvement and dissemination of Occupational Safety and Health - OS&H Culture in critical ATECO codified activities. Funded by PoliTo Supervisor Contact Mario Patrucco, DIATI, PoliTo mario.patrucco@polito.it http://www.polito.it/ateneo/dipartimenti/diati/ Enrico Pira, DSSPP, UniTo enrico.pira@unito.it mario.patrucco@polito.it Context of the research activity In all industrial and construction activities the development of a specific design and management culture (implying full synergy of management and employees as actors with different tasks and skills) is a basic requirement for the development sustainability. A very important subset of such a culture is the Culture of Safety, which can be conceptualized and synthesized as the understanding of the interactions between cultural and contextual variables in a given scenario, and the effect they have on safety. As is clear from the consultation of national and international databases on work related accidents and occupational diseases, (see e.g. the data recorded by the National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work Inail, and the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (European Observatory Risk ERO)) the situation in critical ATECO codified activities is still certainly worthy of attention (see e.g. [1], [2]). The general panorama appears quite complex, since in the mentioned ATECO codified sectors a number of external parameters strongly condition the OS&H situation, such as the general and local economic context, changes in employment strategies and contracts, and growing presence of foreign workers. Therefore, preventive actions (actions taken to prevent the occurrence of unwanted events) are certainly necessary, together with corrective actions (taken to prevent recurrence). As confirmed by the study of a number of accident case histories, analyzed in detail thanks to the information deriving from prosecutor s appointment and the use of a computer assisted event analysis and prevention identification technique specially developed (CCCP, see e.g.[3]), the main accident root causes are due to: 1

poor Risk Assessment and Management RAM; poor Information, Formation and Training IFT of the victim and colleagues. Both the mentioned causes are attributable to an insufficient Culture of Safety, this being a general problem, with particularly serious consequences when critical ATECO activities are involved. The evolution of the approach to the OS&H problems, in accordance with the statements of the EC Directives laying at the very base of the National law and regulations on the health and safety of workers at work (see [4], [5], involves the need of widespread diffusion of a Culture of Safety. Such a culture should be based on the principles of motivational training, and include all the people involved at the different levels of responsibility. On this basis, the target of an effective prevention can be reached, also in complex situations, within a system strictly correlated with the technical measures for minimizing the risks which cannot be eliminated (i.e. based on approaches in Prevention through Design PTD [6] and Quality Management of the activities). James T. Reason [7], clearly points out that the safety education should not be limited solely to meet the standards, and intended only to the workers, since effective OS&H conditions require a System Approach based on a thorough Risk Assessment and Management special for the analyzed situation. Coherently, the Culture of Safety should be the result of an appropriate dissemination in all areas and at all levels, starting from specialized training on Safety Management Systems and high university education, where research special for critical Ateco activities can be developed (e.g. see [8]), together with training courses on the up to date results. [1] http://www.inail.it/internet/default/statistiche/bancadati statistica /index.html; [2] http://www.newoshera.eu/data/en/riskobservatory; [3] M.Demichela, L.Monai, M.Patrucco: capitolo: La analisi approfondita degli eventi infortunistici quale essenziale strumento di prevenzione: un protocollo di indagine post evento messo a punto a supporto dell attività degli analisti. Ingegneria forense: metodologie, protocolli e casi di studio. A cura di B.Chiaia, Dario Flaccovio Ed., Palermo, ottobre 2011, ISBN 9788857901015, pp. 231 246; [4] Directive 89/391 OSH "Framework Directive" of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work "Framework Directive"; [5] Dlgs. 9 aprile 2008, n. 81 Testo unico sulla salute e sicurezza sul lavoro Attuazione dell articolo 1 della Legge 3 agosto 2007, n. 123 in materia di tutela della salute e della sicurezza nei luoghi di lavoro. [6] http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ptd/; [7] Reason J.: Human error: Models and management, BMJ Volume 320, 2000 www.bmj.com; 2

[8] E.DeCillis, D.Labagnara, L.Maida, C.Masucci: Valutazione e gestione dei rischi per la salute dei lavoratori nello scavo meccanico di gallerie, GEAM. Geoingegneria ambientale e mineraria, LI, 3, 2014, pp.93 103. Objectives As said, the effective quality and sustainability of a system requires the fulfillment of the OS&H principles, which in turn requires a correct RAM. It is therefore necessary to establish: a rigorous definition of the operative scenarios, and a coherent selection of techniques and technologies suitable to face possible incidental chains. This requires a project conceived by designers with adequate Culture of Safety, and the subsequent implementation (e.g., in the case of constructions, the result depends on the culture of people responsible of the safety and coordination plans); the inclusion in such scenarios, and at the different levels, of operators aware of their responsibilities vs safety, and able to distinguish whether the situation conforms with the design conditions, or presents deviations (faults, disconformities, etc.): these should be immediately identified, to introduce the necessary remedial measures. The objective of the present PhD project is to provide a methodological contribution to the promotion of the Culture of Safety, with special reference to the technical OS&H aspects in critical ATECO codified activities, through the definition of innovative approaches, their effectiveness and practicality validation, and dissemination to National Safety and Health Inspectorates, and to Designers and Safety staff figures. The PhD research work contemplates the fulfillment of the following phases: 1st year: updating and critical discussion of work related accidents and health impairments statistics, and identification of one or more critical ATECO codified activities, to focus in detail the research developments; analysis of the evolution of techniques / technologies and epidemiological knowledge in the selected Ateco activities, through both literature and on site investigations; organization of a systematic collection of detailed Italian and foreign case histories on work related accidents and health impairments; preliminary tests of in depth analysis of the case histories Intermediate and Root Causes, and Prevention measures definition, by means of the CCCP technique. This phase will be developed at first with the software release presently available, as exemplified in [9], [10]; if necessary, the software will be further refined. 3

2nd year: continuation of the case histories collection and in depth analysis of events, and structured organization of the resulting Root Causes and Prevention Measures: at the purpose, the data storage capabilities of the CCCP software will be further developed; discussion of the results of the previous phase in PTD and Safety in quality management criteria for specific issues seen as example cases. The activity will be based on further improvements of the approaches discussed in [11] in terms of general safe design approach, in [12],[13] in terms of reliability of the design input data, in [14],[15],[16],[17] in terms of definition of fittings and machinery, in [19],[20] with reference to the results of in depth event analysis. 3rd year: continuation of the work of the 2nd year, in particular with reference to the data collection and analysis, and the deriving discussion on the best prevention measures and techniques suitable for different situations; development of models of IFT, on the basis of a further improvement, special for the selected ATECO activity considered, of what than can be found in literature and is used in industries and construction sites, and/or discussed in [21], [22] [23], and dissemination tests; development of forms for controls of efficacy, and discussion of the results (a model of form special for the assessment of satisfaction, problems of use, and efficiency of high protection PPE to be used in tunneling operations with potentially critical formation pollutants is at present under evaluation and the results can be used as a reference); dissemination of the final results; preparation of the final PhD report. [11] A.Martinetti, P.Molina, M.Patrucco, R.Romano: A formalized approach in Prevention through Design and detailed definition of the input data on the basis of occurred accidents: some experiences at Italian extractive activities, 5th International Conference on Safety & Environment in Process & Power Industry, Milan 3 6 June, 2012 (Chemical Engineering Transactions, Vol 26 part.2, ISBN 978 88 95608 17 4; ISSN 1974 9791, pp 627 632) [12] D. Labagnara, A. Martinetti, M. Patrucco: The Prevention through Design approach as a key tool in tunnelling operations and muck reuse, International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management, Athens 28 29 June, 2012 [13] D. Labagnara, M. Patrucco, P. Rossetti, V. Pellegrino: Predictive assessment of the asbestos content in the Western Italian Alps: an essential tool for an effective approach to risk analysis and management in tunneling operations and muck 4

reuse, Environmental Earth Sciences, 2013, Publisher Springer Verlag, ISSN: 18666280, Online ISSN: 1866 6299, DOI: 10.1007/s12665 012 2174 1, Vol 70 n.2, pp. 857 868. [14] D. Bersano, D. Labagnara, M. Patrucco, V. Pellegrino: Affidabilità: la Cenerentola nella progettazione degli impianti di ventilazione in galleria, GEAM. Geoingegneria ambientale e mineraria, XLVIII, 2, maggio agosto 2011, 133, pp.17 26 [15] R.Borchiellini, M.Cardu, F.Colella, D.Labagnara, A.Martinetti, M.Patrucco, D.Sandrin, V.Verda. A Prevention through Design Approach for the Environmental S&H Conditions and the Ventilation System at an Italian Underground Quarry. AIDIC CONFERENCE SERIES VOL. 11, 2013. DOI: 10.3303/ACOS1311006, pp. 51 61, ISBN 978 88 95608 55 6; ISSN 2036 5969. [16] D.Labagnara, M.Patrucco, C.Cirio: Occupational Safety and Health aspects in mechanized full face tunnel driving: the situation of ante 89/392/ECC TBMs in ITA AITES World Tunnel Congress 2012, Bangkok, 18 23 maggio 2012 [17] D. Labagnara, A. Martinetti, M. Patrucco: Tunneling operations, occupational S&H and environmental protection: a Prevention through Design approach, American Journal of Applied Sciences 10 (11): 1371 1377, 2013, ISSN: 1546 9239, 2013 Science Publication, doi:10.3844/ajassp.2013.1371.1377 [18] R.Luzzi, L.Maida, L.Monai, M.Patrucco: Sviluppo e risultati di una metodica computer assistita per l analisi approfondita di eventi infortunistici lavoro correlati, Atti del 8 seminario CONTARP dalla valutazione alla gestione del rischio. Strategie per la salute e la sicurezza sul lavoro, pp. 51 58, 27 29 November 2013, Roma [19] Luzzi R. & Passannanti S & Patrucco M. Advanced Technique for the In Depth Analysis of Occupational Accidents Accepted for presentation in 2015 AIDIC ICheaP 12 th International Conference on Chemical & Process Engineering, 19 22 May 2015, Milan [21] M.Patrucco: coordinamento scientifico alla realizzazione del DVD Informazione e formazione del personale che opera nelle attività estrattive di superficie: LA SICUREZZA NEGLI IMPIANTI DI PRIMA LAVORAZIONE, pres Seminario Attività di Informazione e Divulgazione sulla sicurezza e prevenzione dei lavoratori nel settore estrattivo, Regione Lazio, 10 Giugno 04, Roma, Italy, ed CORES s.r.l., 2003 [22] R.Luzzi, L.Maida, A.Martinetti, M.Patrucco. Information, Formation and Training for the Maintenance Operations: the Lesson Learned from Fatal Accidents. Chemical Engineering Transactions Vol. 32, pp. 229 234, 2013, ISBN 978 88 95608 23 5, ISSN 1974 9791, DOI: 10.3303/CET1332039. Atti del convegno ICheaP 11, 11th International Conference on Chemical & Process Engineering, 2 5 June 2013 Milan [23] M. Gullo, R. Nebbia, M. Patrucco: Algoritmo per la valutazione oggettiva delle buone prassi, Atti del 8 seminario CONTARP dalla valutazione alla gestione del rischio. Strategie per la salute e la sicurezza sul lavoro, pp. 309 314, 27 29 November 2013, Roma 5

Skills and competencies for the development of the activity For an effective development of the activity, the following skills and competences are recommended: expertise in the field of science and techniques of OS&H, in particular with regards to the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment and Management in the critical ATECO codified activities; experience on suitable approaches to the definition of the dynamics of occurrence of work related accidents and health impairments, on data mining in National and foreign data bases on the subject, and on computer models specially conceived for in depth analysis of the chain of events leading to the accident root causes and identification of suitable prevention measures; basics in advanced training sciences, specifically for the ATECO contexts under exam. 6