Complete technology for mesh networks Smarter Wireless. Simply. Technical Guide www.iqrf.org
IQRF Introduction IQRF is a proven, reliable and easy to use technology, providing wireless communication in mesh networks to any electronic product, making it smarter. Effectively. Simply. l Low total system cost, open protocol, no license fees and extra low power is the best choice for engineers with programming skills who like to have things under their control. l Since 2004, when IQRF technology was introduced, hundreds of development tools and hundreds of thousands of devices were delivered, providing reliable wireless communication interface, or direct control of lighting applications, smart buildings, industry, agriculture, metering and other fields. Complete technology for mesh networks. Smarter wireless. Simply. Smart transceiver as a standalone application No license fees No hidden cost Freedom to choose Mounting, antenna, peripheral and other options Wireless programming Applications development under IQRF OS Application controlled just by smart transceiver 2
IQRF Technology Smart transceivers Optimized hardware Built-in operating system Extremely low power consumption Different network topologies supported, including mesh Up to 65 thousand devices in a network Up to 240 hops Discovery Implementation of open TM IQMESH protocol Development support Development tools, ready-to-use source code examples Free of charge integrated development environment (IDE) Solderless development, online support Interfaces and gateways 2 Smart transceiver interfaces SPI, I C, UART, etc. Gateways interfacing USB, Ethernet, GSM, etc. All with demos, examples, libraries support Enables products to wirelessly communicate, making them smarter. Simply. 3
Transceiver Highlights Built-in IQRF operating system Provides operation of transceiver and efficient set of functions for RF Supports open IQMESH protocol No solution stack has to be compiled Supports many different network topologies Allows developers to fully focus on their application Extremely low power consumption namps in sleep Few uamps while receiving The RX mode is the most important from the consumption point of view. IQRF smart transceivers are extremely low power at this mode, which makes them great for battery operated applications. Smart transceivers variability Different transceiver types for different wireless applications Type differences: RF output power Worldwide RF bands Antenna options Mounting options Peripherals options Seamless migration to higher versions On demand specifically customized transceivers possible Rapid development Built-in IQRF OS significantly simplifies application development Developers write only application code using IQRF OS Operating system functions are intuitive and easy to use Efficient development tools Full featured integrated development environment (IDE) available Rapid development "loop" (modify, compile and upload) in a few seconds RFPGM application upload TM RFPGM RF programming Easy and efficient way how to upload application code into TR wirelessly Even to TRs soldered in target application Mass application uploads It is a must for network applications development Under control IQRF is a generic fully open technology. IQRF OS provides a powerful base but leaves the programmer absolute freedom Although IQRF OS significantly simplifies development process, it is not a black box user still has full control over both application and microcontroller resources IQMESH protocol is open Open mesh IQRF implements light but efficient, open, license free IQMESH protocol. See page 9. 4
Smart Transceivers IQRF Smart transceiver is a tiny intelligent electronic board with complete circuitry needed to implement wireless RF connectivity. It is a key communication component of IQRF technology. Transceivers operate in license-free sub-ghz bands, allowing better signal propagation especially in buildings. Features Complete compact highly integrated design MCU with built-in IQRF operating system supporting IQMESH open protocol RF output power up to 20 mw Range over 1 km per hop, up to 240 hops Extremely low power consumption Peripherals Up to 12 I / O pins 2 SPI, I C, UART and other interfaces A / D and D / A converters Analog comparator PWM output Programmable timer Interrupt capability Serial EEPROM 3.1 5.3 V 2.2 3.4 V RF EEPROM Temperature sensor LDO voltage regulator MCU OS User application Peripherals 2 SPI, UART, I C Peripherals I / O 3 V General illustrations. See pages 6-7 for individual TR types. Antenna connector Antenna EEPROM Temperature sensor RF IC Voltage regulator Microcontroller with OS 5
Transceiver Options IQRF smart transceiver module type MCU type TR - 52 D A T peripheral options: nil - no other peripherals T - temperature sensor antenna options: nil - soldering padhole (no antenna, no U.FL connector) A - PCB antenna C - U.FL connector (mini coax) K - connector for removable antenna AN-03 (obsolete) Series TR-52B TR-53B TR-52D TR-54D TR-55D TR-62D TR-72D TR-82D Mounting SIM SIM / SMT / Vertical SIM SMT Vertical SIM Pins 8 9 8 18 12 8 I/O 6 7 6 12 10 6 MCU PIC16F886 PIC16LF1938 Flash memory 8 K 14 b 16 K 14 b RAM 368 B 1024 B EEPROM Serial EEPROM 256 B 2 KB RF IC MRF49XA SI4431 SI4455 SI4461 RF bands EU/US world-wide RF power (max.) 3.5 mw 20 mw RF range * 700 m 850 m ** LDO voltage regulator yes yes Supply voltage 3.1 5.3 V 2.2 3.4 V 3.1 5.3 V Sleep 2 µa 1.8 µa 380 na ** Receiving LP XLP 400 µa 35 µa 330 µa 25 µa ** ** Temperature sensor standard precision precision LEDs 2 2 A/D inputs 2 3 4 3 ** Wireless M-Bus yes yes IQRF OS yes yes Dimensions without antenna 25.0 14.9 28.4 14.9 25.0 14.9 20.2 14.9 25.0 14.9 [mm] with antenna 31.8 14.9 33.6 14.9 31.8 14.9 26.4 14.9 27.4 14.9 31.8 14.9 MCU Supply current * Up to specified value in free space ** To be specified All parameters specified here are for guidance only, may depend on conditions and are subject to change. For exact parameters refer to IQRF datasheets and manuals. Antenna options Mounting options Soldering pad UF.L connector SIM connector Vertical soldering 6 Built-in PCB SMT
Transceiver Types TR-52B series TR-53B series Proven transceivers used in many applications worldwide TR-52B TR-52BA TR-53BC TR-53BA SIM connector mounting Top seller in 2011 Vertical or horizontal (SMT) mounting SIM connector option for application development Often used by lighting manufacturers TR-52D series TR-54D series TR-55D series Based on customers feedback, with new mounting options, enhanced MCU and operating system Scale 1:1 TR-52D TR-52DA TR-54D TR-54DA TR-55DA TR-52B successor SIM connector mounting Ideal to start with IQRF Smallest transceiver SMT mounting Lowest price and consumption 12 I / O pins TR-53B successor Vertically solderable mounting Fits SIM connector for solderless development NEW TR-62D series TR-72D series TR-82D series New generation of transceivers with higher RF power (20 mw), Wireless M-Bus support and enhanced IQRF OS TR-62D TR-62DA TR-72D TR-72DA TR-82D TR-82DA For Wireless M-Bus only, modes S2 and T2 UART wireless M-Bus converter Without IQRF OS High RF power alternative to TR-52D Enhanced features Wireless M-Bus support Worldwide RF bands support 7
IQRF Networks IQRF is a technology intended for wireless networks. Built-in IQRF operating system supports many ways to reach different needs of different wireless applications - from easy point-to-point communication to huge mesh networks. Range Range depends on many parameters, e.g., on output power, bitrate, antenna type, terrain, signal modulation and as well as on software techniques. Network topologies There are two ways to extend communication range: Brute force increasing RF output power. It leads to higher consumption and noise. Moreover, RF signal sometimes cannot pass through an obstacle even with high RF output power. With hop-by-hop routing transfer via network devices, which is essential for mesh networks. There are many network topologies, most of them are supported by IQRF OS. This is an overview of some typical examples: Point-to-point A wireless link between two nodes, it is often used in remote control. IQRF Smart Transceivers utilizing bidirectional communication provide much higher performance, reliability and security compared to standard unidirectional systems. Range is based only on physical parameters of transceivers. Star In wireless networks with star topology, each network node has a wireless link to the network coordinator. The popularity of star networks is based on implementation simplicity. It is an ideal choice for systems working in 'non-obstacle' environments, e.g. for voting systems. With limited range and no routing capabilities it is not very convenient for systems where robustness and stability should be assured. Tree Mesh Chain-mesh 8 In hierarchical network topology, every node is connected to its parent node that is one level higher in the hierarchy. A coordinator is on the top level of the hierarchy. With traversing via parents each node can send messages to the coordinator in minimum hops. Tree topology is automatically created during discovery. Unlike the mesh network, communication fails, if any one node fails. Due to the alternative paths, mesh network topology is the most reliable topology for wireless networks. IQRF uses oriented flooding based on TDMA, assuring high resistance against local failures caused by interference or temporary node unavailability. For failure immunity and physical communication range extension, the mesh topology network is the ideal choice for any application demanding reliability. Mesh is the most reliable network topology. A variation of a partially connected mesh network topology is often found, e.g. in street lights, where single lights can be seen in lines, but due to the higher communication range, compared to the physical topology, each light-node can have more than two links. For its reliability, it is an ideal choice for street lighting applications.
IQMESH Open Protocol IQRF smart transceivers implement light but efficient built-in IQMESH protocol supporting either simple wireless connectivity or even complex networks. It includes sophisticated features, but despite the complexity and performance, IQMESH is extremely easy to use. Powerful OS functions easily allow tailoring of IQMESH functionality to specific needs of given project. Routing algorithm highly impact performance and reliability of any network communication. IQRF routing The goal of packet routing in target applications is to reliably and efficiently deliver data over the network. In IQMESH based networks, the flooding mechanism is primarily used. Virtual Routing Structure (VRS) created during discovery is directionally flooded. The network would be flooded from the coordinator to the node for all control purposes or from the node to the coordinator for data collection. A special order of VRS together with TDMA enables a directional, efficient and collision free flooding mechanism. The network routing mechanism is illustrated below: C R1 N5 N1 R2 R4 N2 N4 R3 Frame 0 1 2 3 4 N3 R5 C R1 N1 R2 N5 R4 N2 N4 R3 Frame 0 1 2 3 4 N3 R5 C R1 N5 N1 R2 R4 N2 N4 R3 Frame 0 1 2 3 4 N3 R5 C R1 N1 R2 N5 R4 N2 N4 R3 Frame 0 1 2 3 4 N3 R5 C R1 N1 R2 N5 N2 N4 R3 R4 Frame 0 1 2 3 4 N3 R5 1 Coordinator Node Reached node Active node (TX) Available link Activated link Active time slot IQRF supports in a user-friendly way various routing algorithms fitting different network topologies - P/ P, star... mesh - and utilizing their specific advantages (e.g., low time latency in simple network topologies and high reliability communication in mesh networks). A specific routing algorithm is chosen in the application based on required efficiency and purpose simply by setting one system variable. Routing based on network logical address, tree routing to the coordinator and routing based on discovered Virtual Routing Structure are three basic routing schemes supported by IQRF OS. Addressing in the network is realized via the logical network address obtained during bonding which is one byte long or via a two byte user address dedicated by the user. Straightforward implementation enables programmers to stay focused on their application code not to network functionality, resulting in much faster application development. 9
IQRF Interfaces There are many ways to connect IQRF to rest of the world. Although IQRF is primarily designed for RF and networking, even standalone smart transceivers are able to perform surprisingly complex tasks. Smart transceiver interfaces Besides RF connectivity, standalone IQRF transceivers have many interfaces: Standard interfaces 2 SPI, I C, UART Peripherals I / O, PWM, pulse generator ADC, DAC, analog comparator,... All above mentioned interfaces are supported by IQRF OS or an embedded processor. Other interfaces 1-Wire and other interfaces can be easily programmed into application software Ready to use examples are available The following diagrams show only some possibilities. Example: possible interfacing of standalone TR-72DA 3.1 5.3 V Digital I/O + Battery TR-72DA check LDO voltage regulator MCU RAM EEPROM Flash 4-wire SPI 3 V, 100 ma Serial EEPROM Temperature sensor Example: possible interfacing of standalone TR-54D Pulsing in background D/A converter A/D converter ~ Wake-up from sleep Interrupt on change Digital input Analog comparator Multiple Dallas devices ~ 1-Wire + - Battery check Serial EEPROM 2-wire Digital I/O 2 Multiple I C devices PWM UART + 2.2 3.4 V TR-54D RF 10
IQRF Gateways IQRF gateways Specialized IQRF gateways using more complex interfaces (USB, Ethernet, GSM,...) are available. Furthermore, they provide higher performance, extended memory and more I /O so they can be used for more complex tasks (e.g. data collection, monitoring and logging). Visual control panels IQVCP panels are a unique class. They are fully customizable standalone devices that, featuring apart from RF connectivity, feature a touchscreen display, providing a dynamically variable two-way user interface to the final application. Internet / LAN Application software Web browser Ethernet IQRF WWW server data logger Actuator I 2 C USB Application software 1-Wire GSM GPRS, SMS Sensor Wireless M-bus IQRF Relay kit UART Lighting control Sensor Remote control Meter Regulator SPI PWM Visual control Motor 11
IQRF Devices IQRF technology supports devices for different purposes. They can be categorized as: Ready-to-use devices with embedded interface protocols. Specific functionality is achieved with application program inside smart transceiver. Examples: GW-USB-05 USB gateway, GW-ETH-01 Ethernet gateway / datalogger, configurable via internal web server Generic devices enabling both IQRF application and main MCU customizations. Development sets, SW libraries and source code examples are available. Examples: Visual control panels, GW-USB-13A USB gateway Ethernet IQRF Ethernet Connection to local LAN / Internet Internal web server Datalogger GSM IQRF GSM interface Access via mobile phone GW-ETH-02 GW-ETH-01 SHD-GSM-D01 USB IQRF USB interface PC connectivity User configurable and progammable Suitable also as wireless programmers GW-USB-04 GW-USB-05 Visual control panels IQRF conncectivity Touchscreen displays Rich in peripherals Fully programmable and configurable See the IQVCP brochure VCP-02 VCP-0x VCP-04 Built-in For customized solutions Stand-alone End devices Variuos devices and reference designs are also available 12 RC-04 GW-USB-13A RT-230-05 SHD-SE-01 Remote controllers Router Ready-to-use sensor
IQRF Development One of the strengths of IQRF technology is the simplicity of making new designs and applications. Smart transceivers, built-in IQRF operating system, various development tools, ready-to-use examples and online support; it all enables rapid development. Development process IQRF programmer TR module Choose Modify Compile Example.c Appl.c Appl.hex Upload USB e.g. CK-USB-0x or GW-USB-0x Upload wired or wireless RFPGM OS Appl. What is needed to start? IQRF development set with the Startup package included. Development set All hardware needed to start IQRF design applications in one box DS-START-03 Startup package All development software and documentation in one bundle Nothing else is needed to run first IQRF applications in a few minutes. How to start? Unpack Development set Install Startup Package Modify Example Compile IQRF IDE Upload Programmer See Quick Start Guide at: www.iqrf.org/quickstart 13
IQRF Upload / Debug The following hardware tools and IDE are available for development and debuging. Programmers / Debuggers CK-USB-0x GW-USB-05 Other IQRF devices Standard IQRF programmers / debuggers USB gateways suitable also as RF programmer Some IQRF devices have internal programmer / debugger Upload Upload = writing an application code into a TR module (also called programming ) Two upload methods: Wired upload Programmer Wireless upload RFPGM RF programmer Programmed TR in user equipment Programmed TR in a programmer Programmed TR in user equipment TR is plugged in a programmer (via SIM connector) TM TR is plugged or soldered in a user equipment (RFPGM RF programming ). IQRF IDE - Full featured Integrated Development Environment Intuitive, easy to use Programming Edit, compile and upload application into TR Plug-in management SPI communication support SPI text: on packet structure level Terminal: on character / text string level High level control Sophisticated tools and macros Debug Unlimited number of breakpoints All relevant information is displayed after break: RAM, EEPROM, communication buffers, system and network information, variables,... Break, Watch and Continue 14
IQRF Development Kits Evaluation kit Universal development kit for smart transceivers Ideal tool for network applications development Portable, with accumulator, very small size Supporting solderless prototyping Ready to use code examples Example: 5 kits operateded and charged using a cascadable power expansion board DK-EVAL-04 Example: 25 kits operateded and charged using 6 cascadable power expansion boards Solderless prototyping IQRF development is user-friendly even for applications with SMT smart transceivers. RFPGM enables to upload also an application code into soldered TRs. Moreover, there are development boards to support easy handling with SMT TRs using the advantage of SIM connector, DDC cascadable modular kits, wired upload and so on. TRDB-54A TR-54DA development board For solderless development KON-TR-01x Universal adapters IQRF service tools IQRF Scanner CATS-01 Service and debugging tool to analyze RF signal spectrum RF scanner Monitoring signal strength in individual channels Useful to find free channels RF Programmer RFPGM wireless programmer Based on GW-USB-05 15
Development Daisy Chain Kits A series of fully modular cascadable kits to expand interfaces and peripherals is available for solderless prototyping. No wiring. DDC Development Daisy Chain kits Compact, portable, small size 36 23 mm Perfect educational tools Main kits CK-USB-04 programmer / debugger DK-EVAL-04 for standalone network devices (nodes) with accumulator to supply the entire chain Expansion kits with additional peripherals DDC-IO-01 I / O kit to control inputs / outputs DDC-SE-01 sensor kit to measure temperature, voltage and illumination DDC-RE-01 2 relay kit Example: three-kit DDC chain CK-USB-04 DK-EVAL-04 DDC-IO-01 DDC-SE-01 DDC-RE-01 Programmer / debugger Mesh node kit I / O kit Sensor kit Relay kit DDC usage example: data collection and control of outputs To build a sensor network with DDC kits is quite easy The entire network can be controlled by IQRF IDE Terminal Ready-to-use demo examples Simply modify examples to your needs IQRF sensor network testing demo Controlled outputs Example Example Sensors, binary I/Os, analog inputs Example TR TR TR DK-EVAL-04 DDC-RE-01 DK-EVAL-04 DDC-IO-01 DK-EVAL-04 DDC-SE-01 IQRF IDE Terminal DDC-IO-01 Example TR CK-USB-04 USB 16
IQRF Development Sets Development sets IQRF development tools and accessories can be ordered separately or in sets Sets contain selected combinations of IQRF devices and examples optimized for specific applications Documentation and demo software included Manufacturer s support inlcuded Advantageous prices and training Starter set DS-START-03 All you need to start with IQRF Either for point-to-point or for a small 3-device network Networking DS-MESH-03 Development set for IQMESH network Up to 18-device mesh network 3 USB devices Development sets for generic devices Every IQRF generic device has a development set available Device functionality is controlled by software written by a developer Paging UART DS-PAGER DS-UART IQVCP Development sets for Visual Control Panels DS-VCP-01 DS-VCP-02 DS-VCP-04 17
IQRF Support MICRORISC provides a full range of development support including: complete documentation, hardware development tools, IQRF and IQVCP training, free on-line support, extra customer support, free software development tools, reference designs, application notes, ready-to-use source code examples and more. Altogether results in rapid wireless application development. On demand, even specifically customized devices and solutions are possible. Development support Development kits and sets Generic equipment, SW customizable Protocols and specifications Development software Service tools Upgrades SW for all IQRF devices is upgradeable Operating system is extendable by optional SW plug-ins Sales support Distribution chain On-line E-shop: www.iqrf.org/eshop Application support Startup package: www.iqrf.org/startup Quick Start Guide: www.iqrf.org/quickstart Examples and templates: www.iqrf.org/examples SW demos delivered with all IQRF devices Reference designs Libraries, drivers USB custom device with MICRORISC VID/PID Direct Peripheral Addressing for programming free usage Application notes illustrating how to use IQRF products Consultancy and training classes Troubleshooting: on-line support www.iq-esupport.com Custom applications development All you need to develop a complex user project is available, including hardware, software, protocols, services and support. Code example #include "includes/template-basic.h" void APPLICATION () { toutrf = 255; } while (1) { if (buttonpressed) { pulseledg(); setrfmode(_tx_xlp); bufferrf[0] = 'X'; DLEN = 1; PIN = 0; RFTXpacket(); } } setrfmode(_rx_xlp _RLPMAT); if (RFRXpacket() && bufferrf[0] == 'X') { pulseledr(); waitdelay(20); } Complete fully functional example of a peer-to-peer communication in XLP extra low power mode suitable for battery operated bidirectional pagers consuming 25 µa only. Just a few lines of C code are sufficient to make both pagers respond to an incoming packet or a pressed pushbutton. If the button is pressed: Green LED flashes once 1 byte packet containing the X character is transmitted to the opposite device If the packet is received during XLP low power 25 µa mode: It is checked for X character Red LED flashes once to indicate the correct packet Implementation with two transceiver modules TR-52DA and two IQRF evaluation kits DK-EVAL-04: 18
IQRF Fields Wireless technology for intelligent building automation IQRF Smart House is a technology for manufacturers of home automation systems, appliances and electronic products, providing wireless communication to their products, making them smarter. Programming free integration of wireless communication ensures a short time to market. l The technology is managed by IQRF Smart House Alliance providing its continuing development, alliance member s support and interoperability of compatible devices. The Alliance helps manufacturers to focus on their specialty without wasting valuable time on reinventing an RF solution. l Use of the technology enables members of IQRF Smart House Alliance to address a wider market and to sell more products at no extra development costs. www.iqrfsmarthouse.org Visual control panels to enhance products and user interface Standalone, built-in, or customized touch visual control panels help manufacturers of home automation systems, appliances and electronic products to extend their overall functionality and enhance user interface. l Intelligent IQVCP panels reduce system costs by reducing mechanical control elements, thanks to visual touch control. Identical panels can be used in various products allowing a different look and control just by modifying the firmware. Simply. l Built-in IQRF transceiver modules allow the IQVCP to connect with and control wireless networks such as IQRF Smart House. www.iqvcp.org Customization IQRF is open and fully customizable wireless technology. Besides customer's programming, additional functionality or specific requirements can be realized via IQRF customization. There are also software plug-ins available, eliminating the need of programming for some typical applications (street lighting, building automation,...). l Moreover, complete wireless solutions based on customer s specific needs might be realized from A to Z, by MICRORISC. www.iqrf.org 19
IQRF Information Sources General Guide to IQRF www.iqrf.org/generalguide Visual Control Panels www.iqvcp.org/guide IQRF Smart House www.iqrfsmarthouse.org/guide MICRORISC Company Profile www.microrisc.com/profile HQ Jicin EU MICRORISC offices Distribution and applications All trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective holders. MICRORISC s.r.o. Prumyslova 1275, 506 01 Jicin, Czech Republic, EU +420 493 538 125 sales@iqrf.org www. iqrf. org IQRFTG_rev.121031