Handbook of Refractory Materials Design Properties Testings 4th Edition ES FIL D IA D E ED U M CL IN Gerald Routschka, Hartmut Wuthnow
Expert refractory solutions Foundry Monolithics for induction furnace for ferrous- and non-ferrous metals industry Vibration mix Castable Ramming mix Heat treatment furnace Carbofrax (classic oxide bonded material) Refrax (our brand for the nitride bonded Saint- Gobain SiC-qualities) Carbofrax BASIC (oxide bonded silicon carbide) Refrax BASIC (nitride bonded silicon carbide) Refrax PLUS (new single fired product with special additive for improved oxidation resistance) Refrax TOP (new double fired premium product with special additive for best oxidation resistance) AL100 (classic high alumina product) SILIT (dense nitride bonded SiC for special applications in WTE) Mullite Waste-to-Energy plant Carbofrax (classic oxide bonded material) Refrax (our brand for the nitride bonded Saint-Gobain SiC-qualities) Carbofrax BASIC (oxide bonded silicon carbide) Refrax BASIC (nitride bonded silicon carbide) Refrax PLUS (new single fired product with special additive for improved oxidation resistance) Refrax TOP (new double fired premium product with special additive for best oxidation resistance) Chemistry/petro-chemical industry AL 100 (dense alumina brick) RI 34 (insulating refractory brick) RI 34 (insulating castable) SUPCAST (castable) Zirchrom TM (dense chromium oxide brick) Wear protection CAST REFRAX (silicon nitride bonded SiC for complicated shapes) SILIT (silicon infiltrated SiC (SiSiC)) DURAFRAX (alumina-ceramic) ZAC 1681 (fused zirconium oxide, alumina, silicon oxide) Hexoloy (pressureless sintered Alpha-SiC) Blast furnace and steel industry CORANIT (sialon bonded corundum) CORANIT AL (sialon bonded corundum) SICANIT AL3 (sialon bonded SiC) REFRAX 20 SBF (nitride bonded SiC) SiC 85P (oxide bonded SiC) MONOCORAL (high alumina pre-fabricated material) MS4 (high alumina brick) SAINT-GOBAIN IndustrieKeramik Düsseldorf SAINT-GOBAIN GmbH Tel. IndustrieKeramik +49 (0) 2 11 99 86-0 Kappeler Str. 105 40597 Düsseldorf Rödental Fax +49 GmbH (0) 2 11 99 86-204 Oeslauer Straße 35 D-96472 Rödental www.refractories.saint-gobain.com Tel. +49 (0) 9563 724-0 energysystems@saint-gobain.com Fax +49 (0) 9563 724-206
Refractory Materials
Gerald Routschka, Hartmut Wuthnow (Editors) Handbook of Refractory Materials Design Properties Testing 4 th edition
IV Bibliographic information from the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (German National Library) The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic information is available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. ISBN 978-3-8027-3162-4 2012 Vulkan-Verlag GmbH Huyssenallee 52 56, 45128 Essen, Germany Tel.: +49 201 82002-0, Internet: www.vulkan-verlag.de Project management: Stephan Schalm, s.schalm@vulkan-verlag.de Proofreading: Loren Mark Hamersley Production: Norbert Nickel Cover design: Dipl.-Des. Nilofar Mokhtarzada Setting: e-mediateam Michael Franke, Bottrop, Germany Print: Druckerei Chmielorz GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany All rights reserved. This handbook, including all figures and tables, is protected by copyright. Any utilization outside the limits of copyright laws without the express consent of the publishing company is prohibited and punishable by law. This applies specifically for copying, translation, microfilming, storage and processing in electronic systems. The listing of utility names, trade names, descriptions or names of products etc. without any special marking or designation in this handbook does not allow the presumption that such names are considered free in the sense of the trademark and trademark protection laws, and can, consequently, be use by any person. English translation and terminology expertise were provided by Loren Mark Hamersley, Hattersheim, Germany, and Janet Hamersley, Columbus, Ohio, USA. This handbook was prepared with much care and devotion. Nonetheless, authors and publishing company do not assume responsibility for the correctness of data, comments, suggestions and possible printing errors.
Every problem has an inherent solution Partnering m the resources industry m manufacturers m and users of refractory materials and systems Industry-recognized independent laboratory for m standard testing compliant with EN, DIN, ISO, ASTM, PRE m claims handling m development m consulting Rheinstrasse 58 56203 Höhr-Grenzhausen GERMANY www.difk.de
We support our customers in Consultations Engineering Quality Planning Material Selection Supply of Materials Installation Planning Turnkey Installation Site Supervision Quality Control Drying of Refractory Maintenance Documentation OOMS-ITTNER-HOF GmbH Siegburger Straße 241 D-50679 Köln Telefone +49(0)221-824-2943 Telefax +49(0)221-824-2244 E-Mail: oih.koeln@zueblin.de www.ooms-ittner-hof.de Rhein-Main branch office Robert-Bosch-Straße 9 D-64293 Darmstadt Telefone +49(0)6151-3303-622 Telefax +49(0)6151-3303-660 E-Mail: oih.rhein-main@zueblin.de Engineering, Execution, Maintenance Chimney & Refractory Construction Concrete Repair OOMS-ITTNER-HOF GmbH A member of the STRABAG SE group
VII Preface to 4 th edition With the 4 th edition having a completely new appearance the publishing company and editors continue the tradition of previous editions of the pocket manual Refractory Materials. The modern and contemporary makeup contains once again many chapters of this standard work which were in part written by new authors. Further supplements and updates are to be found in the appendices, literature lists, standard lists and the index. For the first time a version is available in disc form in addition to the handbook itself. The disc contains more information than provided in the book in form of publications focusing on refractory materials. Consequently, the e-book gives the user more flexibility and mobility when working with the handbook. The editors thank the authors for their constructive work and contributions which will once again contribute to the success and dissemination of the handbook. St. Augustin, Bonn, Germany 2012 Gerald Routschka, Hartmut Wuthnow
Top technology for individual refractory solutions. Rath offers total solutions made of high-quality refractory products, which fulfill in practice what we promise. This guarantees our wide range of innovative products out of own production. Our product variety ensures the ideal selection of material to implement adequate concepts for high temperature applications up to 1850 C. Even if it is substantial, we are there on-site. Our qualified supervisors and highly experienced technicians implement our know-how at the construction site. We are there to the end. That s for sure. www.rath-group.com
IX Authors Ing. (grad) Jochen Allenstein Wambesco GmbH Bahnenstraße 35 47443 Moers, Germany E-mail: jochen.allenstein@wambesco.de Chapter 4.2.8 Dr.-Ing. Peter Bartha Alexander Tutsek-Stiftung Karl-Theodor-Straße 27 80803 München, Germany Chapter 4.2.4; 4.2.5 Dipl.-Ing. Carola Batt-Michel ALUinside AG Römergasse 32 4058 Basel, Switzerland E-mail: carola.batt@aluinside.ch Chapter 6.4 Dr.-Ing. Fred Brunk P-D Refractories Niederlassung Dr. C. Otto GmbH Dr.-C.-Otto-Straße 222 44879 Bochum, Germany E-mail: fred.brunk@dr-c-otto.com Chapter 4.1 Mag. Bernd Buchberger E-mail: bernd.buchberger@rhi-ag.com Chapter 1.6 DI Dr. Gerald Buchebner E-mail: gerald.buchebner@rhi-ag.com Chapter 4.2; 4.2.1; 4.2.2; 4.2.3; 4.2.6 Dr. Margareta Bugajski 9500 Villach, Austria Chapter 5.9 Dipl.Ing. Helmut Dösinger E-mail: helmut.doesinger@rhi-ag.com Chapter 6.1 Ing. Wilfried Eckstein E-mail: wilfried.eckstein@rhi-ag.com Chapter 5.8 Dr.-Ing. Albrecht Fickel Ceramic Consulting Am Rabersbach 34 96472 Rödental, Germany E-mail: fickel.ceramicconsulting@yahoo.de Chapter 4.1.5 Dr. Vera Finke Rath GmbH Krefelder Straße 680-682 41066 Mönchengladbach, Germany E-mail: vera. Finkerath-group.com Chapter 7.3
X Dipl.-Ing. Reiner Friebe Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 7 56203, Höhr-Grenzhausen, Germany E-mail: familie.friebe@gmx.de Chapter 9 Dipl.-Ing. Gerald Gelbmann E-mail: gerald.gelbmann@rhi-ag.com Chapter 4.2.6 Dipl.-Min. Edmund Goerenz BURTON GmbH + Co. KG Barkhausener Straße 55 49328 Melle, Germany E-mail: edmund.goerenz@burton.de Chapter 4.1.2.2; 4.1.3; 4.1.9.2 Dipl. Geol. Johannes Hartenstein Magnesita Refractories GmbH Dolomitstraße 10 58099 Hagen, Germany E-mail: johannes.hartenstein@magnasita.com Chapter 4.2.7; Appendix pp. 335-362 Dipl.-Ing. Valentina Hesse BURTON GmbH + Co. KG Barkhausener Straße 55 49328 Melle, Germany E-mail: valentina.hesse@burton.de Chapter 4.1.7 Dr. rer. nat. Dieter Heumannskämper Morgan Molten Metal Systems GmbH Noltinastr. 29 37297 Berkatal, Germany E-mail: dieter.heumannskaemper@morganplc. com Chapter 4.1.6.3 Dr.-Ing. Helge Jansen Refratechnik Steel GmbH Schiessstrasse 58 40549 Düsseldorf, Germany E-mail: helge.jansen@refra.com Chapter 4.2.2 Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jürgen Klischat Refratechnik Cement GmbH Rudolf-Winkel-Straße 1 37079 Göttingen, Germany E-mail: hklischat@refra.com Chapter 4.2.1; 4.2.4; 4.2.5 Dipl.-Min. Hartmut Körber DIFK Deutsches Institute für Feuerfest und Keramik GmbH An der Elisabethkirche 27 53113 Bonn, Germany E-mail: koerber@difk.de Chapter 4.1.8 Dipl.-Ing. Volker Krasselt Promat GmbH Schleifenkamp 16 40878 Ratingen, Germany E-mail: vhkrasselt@promat.de Chapter 7.1; 7.2 Dipl.-Ing. Rudolf Krebs Udetstraße 17 53757 St. Augustin, Germany E-mail: rudolf_krebs@gmx.de Chapters 5.1 to 5.7 Dr. rer. nat. Hans Leistner E-mail: hans.leistner@gmail.com Chapter 4.1.9.1
XI Dipl.-Ing. Eva Leopold SEPR Keramik GmbH & Co. KG Frankenwerft 5 50667 Köln, Germany E-mail: eva.leopold@saint-gobain.com Chapter 4.1.10 Dr. Javier Pascual E-mail: javier.pascual@rhi-ag.com Chapter 4.1.91 Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Peter Leukel STEULER KCH GmbH Georg-Steuler-Straße 175 56195 Höhr-Grenzhausen, Germany E-mail: peter.leukel@steuler-kch.de Chapter 4.1.8 Mag. Dr. Christian Majcenovic E-mail: christian.majcenovic@rhi-ag.com Chapter 1.1; 1.2; 1.5; 1.6 Dipl.-Ing. Peter Nebgen Vhi GmbH Klingelswiese 2 56626 Andernach, Germany E-mail: p.nebgen@vhi-gmbh.com Chapter 8 Dr. rer. nat. Karl-Theodor Piel Wöhler Str. 5 41515 Grevenbroich, Germany E-mail: karl-theo.piel@gmx.de Chapter 4.1.4 Dr. mont. Jürgen Puhl E-mail: juergen.puhl@rhi-ag.com Chapter 1.6; 4.1.9.1 Dr. Mag. Peter Ramminger E-mail: peter.ramminger@rhi-ag.com Chapter 10 Rainer Neuböck E-mail: rainer.neuboeck@rhi-ag.com Chapter 4.2; 4.2.3 to 4.2.3.3 Dr. Viktoria Reiter E-mail: viktoria.reiter@rhi-ag.com Chapter 5.9 Dr. Peter Nold Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich GmbH Walldürner Straße 50 74736 Hardheim, Germany E-mail: peter.nold@eirich.de Chapter 2 Dr.-Ing. Andreas Rendtel ESK Ceramics GmbH & Co. KG Max-Schaidhauf-Straße 25 87437 Kempten, Germany E-mail: arendtel@esk.com Chapter 4.1.9.3
XII Dipl.-Min. Hans Karl Rothfuss Vesuvius Gelsenkirchener Str. 10 46325 Borken Westfalen, Germany E-mail: hans.rothfuss@vesuvius.com Chapter 6.2; 6.3 Dr. Andreas Schnittker SGL CARBON GmbH Stoofstraße 27 65933 Frankfurt am Main, Germany E-mail: andreas.schnittker@sglccarbon.de Chapter 4.1.4 Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Gerald Routschka Ankerstraße 34 53757 St. Augustin, Germany E-mail: gerald.routschka@arcor.de Chapter 1; 1.2; 1.3; 1.4; 1.5; 2; 3; 4.1.2.2; 5.9; 9; 9.1; 9.2; 9.3; 11; Appendix pp. 263 334 Dipl.-Ing. Steinar Slagnes Sibelco Nordic AS 6146 Aaheim, Norway E-mail: steinar.slagnes@sibelco.com Chapter 4.2.8 Dipl.-Min. Klaus Santowski E-mail: klaus.santowski@rhi-ag.com Chapter 4.1.2.1; 4.1.6.1; 4.1.6.2 Dipl.-Ing. Jochen Schnelle Drache Umwelttechnik GmbH Werner-von-Siemens-Str. 24-26 65582 Diez, Germany E-mail: jochen.schnelle@drache-gmbh.de Chapter 6.4 Dr. Peter Umland 65326 Aarbergen, Germany E-mail: umland.ph@online.de Chapter 4.1.6.1 Dipl.-Min. Hartmut Wuthnow DIFK Deutsches Institut für Feuerfest und Keramik GmbH An der Elisabethkirche 27 53113 Bonn, Germany E-mail: wuthnow@difk.de Chapter 3; 11; Appendix pp. 263-334 Discover the Refractory Dictionary: www.refra-dict.com
ECREF Integrated European Refractories Centre m Organizer of the annually staged INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON REFRACTORIES EUROGRESS, Aachen m Education and training m Organization and management of scientific seminars m Support of gifted students with the awarding of scholarships and prizes such as the Gustav-Eirich-Award under the banner of Promoting the Excellence of Young Academics Rheinstr. 58 56203 Höhr-Grenzhausen GERMANY www.ecref.eu