ADVANCED P.G. DIPLOMA IN ECHO CARDIOGRAPHY AND SONOGRAPHY

ADVANCED P.G. DIPLOMA IN ECHO CARDIOGRAPHY AND SONOGRAPHY INSTRUCTION & EXAMINATION W.E.F 2014-2015 SEMESTER - I S.No Paper Subject Scheme of instruction hrs/ week L/T D/P Scheme of examination Duration in hours Maximum Marks 1 I 2 II 3 4 III IV Applied Anatomy & Physiology Pathophysiology related to the CV system Pharmacology in general THEORY Univ Exam Sessional 3-3 80 20 3-3 80 20 3-3 80 20 Echocardiography 3-3 80 20 PRACTICALS 5 I Echocardiography 8 3 100 -- Basic and II 6 Diagnostic 8 3 100 -- Medical Sciences TOTAL 12 16 520 80 Note: L = Lecture T = Tutorial D = Demonstration P = Practical 1

ADVANCED P.G. DIPLOMA IN ECHO CARDIOGRAPHY AND SONOGRAPHY SEMESTER I PAPER I : APPLIED ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Instruction hrs: 3 hrs/ week U E Max Marks 80 I A Max Marks 20 UNIT I: ANATOMY OF HEART 1. Embryology of the heart 2. Parts of the heart structure 3. Conduction system of the heart 4. Factors effecting proper heart function UNIT II: FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART 5. Foetal Circulation 6. Pulmonary circulation 7. Systemic circulation 8. Coronary circulation UNIT III: THE ARTERIAL SYSTEM 9. The ARCH OF THE AORTA & BRANCHES 10. The thoracic aorta 11. The abdominal aorta 12. The arterioles UNIT IV: THE VENOUS SYSTEM 13. The Superior vena cava 14. The Inferior vena cava 15. The venous of the Thorax & Abdomen 16. Veins & Capillaries 2

PAPER II: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY RELATED TO CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEM Instruction hrs: 3 hrs/ week U E Max Marks 80 I A Max Marks 20 UNIT I: MYCOCARDIAL IN FRACTION 1. Definition 2. Etiology 3. Morphology 4. Clinical manifestation 5. Investigation UNIT II: CORONARY THROMBOSIS 6. Definition 7. Etiology 8. Morphology 9. Clinical manifestation 10. Investigation UNIT III: ENDOCARDITIS 11. Definition 12. Etiology 13. Morphology 14. Clinical manifestation 15. Investigation UNIT IV: ARTHERIOSCLEROSIS 16. Definition 17. Etiology 18. Morphology 19. Clinical manifestation 20. Investigation DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS 21. Definition 22. Etiology 23. Morphology 24. Clinical manifestation 25. Investigation 3

PAPER III: PHARMACOLOGY IN GENERAL Instruction hrs: 3 hrs/ week U E Max Marks 80 I A Max Marks 20 UNIT I: 1. Principles involved in drug activity. 2. Autonomic nervous system. Anatomy & functional organisation List of drugs acting on ANS including dose, route of administration, indications, contra indications and adverse effects. 3. Cardiovascular drugs- Enumerate therapeutic uses and side effects of: Antihypertensives Beta Adrenergic antagonists Alpha Adrenergic antagonists Peripheral Vasodilators Calcium channel blockers Antiarrhythmic drugs Cardiac glycosides Sympathetic and nonsympathetic inotropic agents. Coronary vasodilators. Antianginal and anti failure agents Lipid lowering & anti atherosclerotic drugs. Drugs used in Haemostais anticoagulants, thrombolytics and antithrombolytics. Cardioplegic drugs- Principles and types of cardioplagia. Primary solutions Principles & types. Drugs used in the treatment of shock. UNIT II: Anaesthetic agents. 4. General anaesthetics and their classification. Intravenous general anaesthetic agents. 5. Local anaesthetics, their classification and mechanism of action. 6. Analgesics-Definition and classification, side effects and management of non opioid and opioid 4

analgesics 7. Antihistamines and antiemetics- Classification, Mechanism of action. 8. CNS stimulants and depressants-alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics and narcotics, neuromuscular blocking agents and muscle relaxants. 9. Pharmacological protection of organs during CPB. Inhalational gases and emergency drugs. UNIT III: Pharmacotherapy of respiratory disorders 10. Introduction Modulators of bronchial smooth muscle tone and pulmonary vascular smooth muscle tone 11. Pharmacotherapy of bronchial asthma 12. Pharmacotherapy of cough 13. Mucokinetic and mucolytic agents 14. Use of bland aerosols in respiratory care. 15. Corticosteroids Classification, mechanism of action. 16. Diuretics 17. Renal physiology and action of diuretics UNIT IV: Chemotherapy of infections 18. Classification and mechanism of action of antimicrobial agents 19. Combination of antimicrobial agents 20. Chemoperophylaxis. 21. Classification, spectrum of activity, dose, routes of administration and adverse effects of penicillin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, antitubercular drugs. 22. Others: IV fluids- various preparations and their usage. Electrolyte supplements Immunosuppressive agents New drugs included in perfusion technology. Drugs used in metabolic and electrolyte imbalance. 5

PAPER IV: ECHO CARDIOGRAPHY-1 Instruction hrs: 3 hrs/ week U E Max Marks 80 I A Max Marks 20 UNIT I: ECHO CARDIOGRAPHY 1. Introduction to ECHO a) Basic notions b) Viewing the Heart c) Echo Techniques d) Normal Echo e) Indications for Echo f) Murmurs 2. Cardiac Valves a) Mitral Valve b) Aortic Valve c) Tricuspid Valve d) Pulmonary Valve UNIT II: 3. Doppler Velocities and pressures a. Special users of Doppler 4. Heart Failure, Myocardium and Pericardium a. Heart Failure b. Assessment of LV systolic function c. Coronary Artery Disease d. Cardiomyopathies and Myocarditis e. Diastolic function f. Right heart and lungs g. Long Axis function h. Pericardial disease i. Device therapy for heart failure cardiac resynchronization therapy 6

UNIT- III: 5. Transoesophageal and stress echo and other techniques a. Transoesophageal echo b. Stress echo c. Contrast echo d. Three Dimensional (3-D) echo e. Echo in special hospital settings 6. Cardiac masses, infection and congenital abnormalities a. Cardiac masses b. Infection c. Artificial(prosthetic) valves d. Congenital abnormalities UNIT IV: 7. Special situations and conditions a. Pregnancy b. Rhythm disturbances c. Hypertension and LVH d. Stroke, TIA and thromboembolism e. Breathlessness and peripheral oedema f. Screening and followup echo g. Advanced age h. Echo abnormalities in some systemic diseases and conditions 7

PRACTICALS PAPER I: ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY Instruction hrs: 8 hrs/ week UE Max Marks: 100 1. Giving I.V. contrast 2. Recognize Arrhythmias, Ischemia, Congestive Cardiac Failure 3. Checking Vital Capacity 4. Measuring Cardiac output 5. Giving medication 6. Stress echo PAPER- II: BASIC & DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SCIENCES Instruction hrs: 8 hrs/ week UE Max Marks: 100 1. Familiarization with basic medical sciences including anatomy & physiology 2. Emergency care, CPR & Defirbrilization 3. Sterilization of equipment used in cathlab 4. Up keep of equipment 5. Maintenance of ECG machine, catheterization 6. Recording and interpreting of Blood Pressure 8

ADVANCED P.G. DIPLOMA IN ECHO CARDIOGRAPHY AND SONOGRAPHY S.No Paper Subject INSTRUCTION & EXAMINATION W.E.F 2014-2015 SEMESTER II Scheme of instruction hrs/ week L/T D/P Scheme of examination Duration in hours Maximum Marks Univ Exam Sessional THEORY 1 I Introduction to Sonogram 3-3 80 20 2 II Doppler Physics and Fluid Dynamics 3-3 80 20 3 III Sonography of the Body systems 3-3 80 20 4 IV Echocardiography-2 3-3 80 20 PRACTICALS 5 I Sonography 8 3 100 -- 6 II Echocardiography / Doppler 8 3 100 -- TOTAL 12 16 520 80 Note: L = Lecture T = Tutorial D = Demonstration P = Practical 9

ADVANCED P.G. DIPLOMA IN ECHO CARDIOGRAPHY AND SONOGRAPHY SEMESTER II PAPER I: INTRODUCTION TO SONOGRAM Instruction Hrs: 3 hrs/ week U E Max Marks 80 I A Max Marks 20 UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO SONOGRAM 1. Concepts and Definitions used 2. Compression waves 3. Attenuation and Scattering 4. Comparison of ultrasound and audible sound UNIT II: ULTRA SOUND TRANSDUCERS 5. Puzo - electric effect 6. General concepts of Transducer Construction 7. Characteristics of Ultrasound beam; Near [Fresnel] & Far [Fraunhofer], Zones, side lobes 8. Beem steering, Multiple transmit focusing UNIT III: PROPOGATION OF ULTRA SOUND THROUGH TISSUES 9. Speed of sound in different body tissues 10. Frequency range used for diagnostic imaging in children and adults with CHD 11. Distinction between secular reflection and back scatter 12. Principles of attenuation and scattering UNIT IV: IMAGING PHYSICS 13. Factors affecting choice of imaging physics 14. B mode and M mode methods 15. Concept of parallel processing and its influence on frame rate and image Quality 16. Limiting factors for detecting small targets 10

PAPER II: DOPPLER PHYSICS & FLUID DYNAMICS Instruction Hrs: 3 hrs/ week U E Max Marks 80 I A Max Marks 20 UNIT I: DOPPLER PHYSICS & INSTRUMENTATION 1. PHYSICS a) Audible sound waves b) Sound waves propagation c) The pulse echo principle d) Tissue acoustic impedence e) Transducer frequency 2. INSTRUMENTATION a) A-Mode, B-Mode, M-Mode b) Real time c) Duplex Doppler using imaging transducers d) The stand alone Doppler probe e) Transducers i. Rectal Probe( Transverse and Biplane Rectal probe) ii. Endovaginal probe iii. High frequency small parts probe iv. Triple frequency small parts probe UNIT II: BASIC FLUID DYNAMICS 3. Fluid flow; significance of peak and mean velocities 4. Determination of volumetric flow 5. Laminar and turbulent flow: Reynolds equation [qualitative] 6. Bernoulli equation UNIT III: BASIC PRINCIPES OF DOPPLER 7. Interaction of ultrasound waves with moving blood compression & rare fraction [the Doppler Effect] 8. The Doppler equation; factors influencing magnitude of Doppler shift. 9. High pulse repetition frequency [extended range] P.W. Doppler 10. Aliasing in colour Doppler Packet size, colour mode and sector size and their effect on frame rate and aliasing UNIT IV: COLOUR FLOW INSTRUMENTATION 11. The color display: BART convention 12. Color maps to show velocity scales 13. Image domination and additive color modes 14. Basic principles of Tissue Doppler Imaging 11

PAPER III: SONOGRAPHY OF THE BODY SYSTEMS Instruction Hrs: 3 hrs/ week U E Max Marks 80 I A Max Marks 20 UNIT I: IDENTIFICATION OF ABNORMALITIES 1. Brain 2. Lung 3. Kidney 4. Arteries & veins UNIT II: ABNORMALITIES OF UPPER ABDOMEN 5. Liver 6. Gall stones 7. Portal Hypertension 8. Splenic masses UNIT III: ABNORMALITIES OF THE MIDDLE & LOWER ABDOMEN 9. Aneurysm of Aorta 10. Lymph nodes, masses & Abscess 11. Ascites 12. Intestinal tumors UNIT IV: IDENTIFYING OTHER PROBLEMS 13. Shoulder & knee problems 14. Neck, masses, 15. Carcinoma of the breast, Prostate, Uterus 16. Pleural effusion & chest masses 12

PAPER IV: ECHO CARDIOGRAPHY-2 Instruction Hrs: 3 hrs/ week U E Max Marks 80 I A Max Marks 20 UNIT I: ECG 1. Definition 2. Indications 3. Procedure 4. Interpretation of common disorders UNIT II: TWO DIMENSIONAL ECHO CARDIOGRAPHY 5. Definition 6. Indications 7. Procedure 8. Interpretation UNIT III: MODERN DEVELOPMENTS IN ECHO CARDIOGRAPHY 9. Three Dimensional / 4 dimensional 10. Definition 11. Indications 12. Procedure 13. Interpretation Unit IV: INTERPRETING RESULTS & RECORDS 14. Reporting the result 15. Maintaining records 16. Cutting CD s 17. Filing the results 18. Nursing procedures for Echocardiography 13

PRACTICALS PAPER - I. SONOGRAPHY Instruction hrs: 8 hrs/ week UE Max Marks: 100 1. Knowledge of equipments used in imaging 2. Techniques used in ultrasound 3. Understanding the basic 4. Able to identify abnormal findings 5. Important Measurements and calculations PAPER - II. ECHO CARDIOGRAPHY/ DOPPLER Instruction hrs: 8 hrs/ week UE Max Marks: 100 1. Same 2. Understanding the basics techniques used 3. Able to spot abnormal findings 4. Measurements and calculations 14

ADVANCED P.G. DIPLOMA IN ECHO CARDIOGRAPHY AND SONOGRAPHY INSTRUCTION & EXAMINATION W.E.F 2014-2015 SEMESTER III S.No Paper Subject Scheme of instruction hrs/ week L/T D/P Scheme of examination Duration in hours Maximum Marks Univ. Exam 1 I 2 II Patient Planning and Preparation for Echo. Cardio Vascular Disease Management 14 3 100 14 3 100 TOTAL 28 6 200 Note: L = Lecture T = Tutorial D = Demonstration P = Practical CASE PRESENTATION-I o Major Case from Patient Planning and Preparation for Organ. CASE PRESENTATION-II o Minor Case from Cardio Vascular Disease Management. 15

Marks Distribution Paper-1 1. Patient Planning and Preparation for Echo. 30 Marks 2. Case Presentation-1 30Marks 3. Daily Department Record 20Marks 4. Viva 20 Marks Paper-2 1. Cardio vascular disease Presentation 30 Marks 2. Case Presentation-2 30Marks 3. Daily Department Record 20Marks 4. Viva 20 Marks 16

ADVANCED P.G. DIPLOMA IN ECHO CARDIOGRAPHY AND SONOGRAPHY INSTRUCTION & EXAMINATION W.E.F 2014-2015 SEMESTER IV S.No Paper Subject 1 I 2 II Sonography of the Body systems. Department Administration. Scheme of instruction hrs/ week L/T D/P Scheme of examination Duration in hours Maximum Marks Univ. Exam 14 3 100 14 3 100 TOTAL 28 6 200 Note: L = Lecture T = Tutorial D = Demonstration P = Practical CASE PRESENTATION-I o Major Case from Sonography of the Body systems. CASE PRESENTATION-II o Minor Case from Department of Planning and Arrangement for Echo Cardiography. 17

Marks Distribution Paper-1 1. Sonography of the Body systems 30 Marks 2. Case Presentation-1 30Marks 3. Daily Department Record 20Marks 4. Viva 20 Marks Paper-2 1. Department Organization. 30Marks 2. Case Presentation-II 30Marks 3. Daily Department Record 20Marks 4. Viva 20Marks 18