The Malawi TV White Spaces: For Real or Mere Hype?

Fondation Partager le Savoir Sharing Knowledge Foundation Pavilhao do Conhecimento Lisbon Portugal (15 th to 17 th May, 2014) The Malawi TV White Spaces: For Real or Mere Hype? Chomora Mikeka, PhD, Physics Department at Chancellor College in the University of Malawi Email: chomora@gmail.com URL: http://malawitech.com vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 1

! Scan Results Using the Spectran, RF-Explorer and Geo-tagged S/A! Malawi Government Support on TVWS Technology Use! FTRA 2013 Recommendations! Actual Pilot TVWS Deployment and DSpace Application! Network Performance (Internal and External Capacities)! Antenna Design for TVWS broadband radios and UHF TV stations! World View Points : Microsoft (Dubai Agenda), ITU (Geneva Summit)! Conclusions vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 2

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Coming Up Next vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 5

ITU Region 1 SADC Malawi Addition Info Malawi Examples 174-223 MHz BROADCASTING 5.235 5.237 5.243 0 174-223 MHz BROADCASTING 5.237 Digital TV Broadcasting (174-214 MHz) Digital Audio Broadcasting (214-230 MHz) TV Band III (Geneva Plan GE-06 applies). Migration from analogue to digital broadcasting. Digital TV Broadcasting Services (VHF band 3). DAB, Fixed/Mobile services on sec. basis per F/note 5.237 Received Signal [dbm] -20-40 -60-80 -100 Pirimiti Hospital Thondwe Hospital Fill the blank Blank Space = White Space vendredi, 6 juin 14-120 0.2 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.3 Frequency [GHz] Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 6

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0 0 Received Signal [dbm] -20-40 -60-80 -100 Pirimiti-Hospital Thondwe-Hospital St-Marys-Girls-Sec-Sch Base-Station-Physics-Dept Seismology-HQ Air Wing HQ Received Signal [dbm] -20-40 -60-80 -100 Pirimiti-Hospital Thondwe-Hospital St-Marys-Girls-Sec-Sch Base-Station-Physics-Dept Seismology-HQ Air Wing HQ -120 0.4 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.5 Frequency [GHz] -120 0.5 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.6 Frequency [GHz] *Demonstrated by Caspah Kamunda and Later by Martin Thodi with Bash Scripts on Ubuntu Linux for Data Acquisition During the TVWS Training in Malawi July-Aug 2013 vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 9

0 Received Signal [dbm] -20-40 -60-80 -100 Pirimiti-Hospital Thondwe-Hospital St-Marys-Girls-Sec-Sch Base-Station-Physics-Dept Seismology HQ Air Wing HQ -120 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.7 Frequency [GHz] vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 10

Coming Up Next vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 11

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Coming Up Next vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 14

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Coming Up Next vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 16

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On-Air Studio Console to Mixer Via Fader Control Production Studio P2P LAN DB-2: Power Supply to Sockets, Aircons, & Lights DB-2 Technical Room Tx Room! 10 kg monopole antenna on mast! 30W BS radio in Tx Room plus a provisional WS database for bootstrapping with WSD at CP Peg Stay Warning/Navigation Light Dipole Power Splitter FM signal Landing Gantry Feeder cable approx. 60m 2013 年 7 月 1 日 ( 月 ) Design by: Dr. Chomora Mikeka (Physics Department, Chancol) 3! Regulators need to think carefully and legitimize this sort of thinking for the rural broadband connectivity in Africa vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 18

Coming Up Next Session 6_1 - ITU www.itu.int/itu-d/afr/events/ftra/.../session6_ftra2013_paperi.pdf Session 6_2 - ITU www.itu.int/itu-d/afr/events/.../session6_ftra2013_paperii_rev.pdf vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 19

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Coming Up Next vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 22

TVWS Base Station Mounting at FM Radio Mast vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 23

7 km 2.4 km 18.57 km vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 24

*18.57 km from the BS A brighter tomorrow with TVWS vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 25

Coming Up Next: vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 26

Trango Radio Link www POE OSPF at BS 2Mbps from MTL ISP (Pilot) 155Mbps (STM1) from Fibre Cable (Actual) July 2014~ vendredi, 6 juin 14 192.168.3.1/ 100 (DHCP @ LAN/WAN) Cisco Router SW INTERNET IP: 41.87.3.82 Subnet: 255.255.255.252 GW: 41.87.3.81 DNS1: 41.221.96.67 DNS2: 41.221.96.68 Netgear Switch (SW) (192.168.3.x): Includes testmy.net ISP bandwidth monitoring Alix 192.168.3.5 BS Physics POE ETH1: DHCP To LAN (St. Mary s Computer Lab) at 192.168.0.x Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project UHF (CH31) ITU Region 1 ETH0: DHCP 192.168.3.x Alix Board CPE CST00162 ETH2: Reserve Note: - Alix Boards Configured Using Voyage Linux - Python Script on Alix for Throughput Monitoring 27

Terminal Description Station Name CST00162 ICTP CPE 162 St. Mary s Sec School CST00163 ICTP CPE 163 AirWing CST00164 ICTP CPE 164 GPS (Seismology Dept.) CSB00490 ICTP Base 490 ZA TVWS Basestation vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 28

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Coming Up Next vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 30

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1.8 Mbps Max for Ext. Net 3.5 Mbps for Int. Net vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 32

! Reduced cost on BS equipment cf. FBWA and mobile broadband solutions (3G, LTE)! Option for license exempt or cheaper license than FBWA and mobile broadband or licensed wireless spectrum in general! If internet bandwidth provisioning could be possible directly from sub-marine cables e.g. (SEACOM and EASSy) then user tariffs would be much lower:-current transiting costs are obscenely high and prohibitive. Exploring use of dark fibre.! Robust and reliable propagation and steady data rates at UHF band than in higher microwave and millimeter-wave bands! Prospect of building our own WSD (radios) and accessories (antennas) will reduce the hardware cost. We now seek partners and sponsors.! Traffic offloading solutions for Cellular networks.! What else? vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 33

Magnitude [S11 (db), Z (Ohms)] Our UHF Butterfly antenna is simple design, low-cost, quick to fabricate and reliable performance 90 75 60 45 30 15 0-15 Impedance, Z VSWR S11-30 250 375 500 625 750 Frequency [MHz] vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 34

Our UHF Butterfly antenna is simple design, low-cost, quick to fabricate and reliable performance vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 35

http://www.itu.int/en/itu-r/study-groups/workshops/rwp1b- SMWSCRS-14/Pages/Presentations.aspx! John Shaw! SG 6 - Opportunistic use of Spectrum Horn of Plenty or Pandora s Box In looking to the March 16 th deadline, would the Government of Malawi be willing to formally submit this as a contribution to the WTDC? - www.accesspartnership.com Dubai World Trade Centre in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, from 30 March to 10 April 2014 MACRA Says Check: 1. Government Approval 2. SADC / ATU Position 3. Microsoft Position 4. APT Paper Review vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 36

Introduced the Malawi TVWS as real and no mere hype. Malawi TVWS network performance and roadmap presented. Areas for possible partnerships highlighted. Global views and perceptions on TVWS exposed. vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 37

TV White Spaces, I presume? M.Zennaro, E.Pietrosemoli, A.Arcia-Moret, C.Mikeka, J.Pinifolo, C.Wang, S.Song TV White Spaces, I presume?, in proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD2013) An Assessment Study on White Spaces in Malawi Using Affordable Tools M.Zennaro, E.Pietrosemoli, JSP Mlatho, M.Thodi, C.Mikeka An Assessment Study on White Spaces in Malawi Using Affordable Tools, in proceedings of the IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference 2013 (Award Paper) http://www.ubuntunet.net/sites/ubuntunet.net/files/mikekac.pdf Mikeka, C, (2013). Piloting White Spaces for DSpaces in Malawi vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 38

1. What is the minimum tested internet speed (in kbps) that is required as a threshold to maintain an online or active status of the Carlson TVWS base station and its clients? >>The localized OMC will be ready in less than one month, where no bandwidth is needed. 2. Assuming that the TVWS clients are active and networked to the TVWS base station; what is the tested maximum speed of file transfer between a client and the base station? >>13 Mbps 3. How do you measure that speed as reported in (2) above? What is the measurement setup like? >>Jperf and standard packet testing protocols vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 39

4. Is the speed in (2) and (3) above affected in anyway with the Internet speed used to keep alive the network i.e. as reported in (1) above? >>N/A with localized OMC 5. What are the factors that can affect these two speeds as discovered in 1 to 4 above? >>Link budget variables that affect potential available modulation such as link distance, obstacles, cable loss, antenna height etc. Malawi TVWS Roadmap? June 2014 End of Trial Meanwhile: Study of Phase II: Network Performance Draft Regulations and WSD Specifications Stakeholder Consultations vendredi, 6 juin 14 Dr. Chomora Mikeka, Director for Malawi White Spaces Project 40