Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants

Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION... 3 2. SUSTAINABILITY OF THE MILK PRODUCTION... 6 2.1. Coping strategies in reducing the costs... 6 2.1.1. Global analysis... 6 2.1.1.1. Postponement of investment... 7 2.1.1.2. Performance recordings... 7 2.1.1.3. Advice services... 7 2.1.1.4. Feeding... 8 2.1.1.5. Veterinary service... 8 2.1.1.6. Artificial insemination (AI)... 8 2.1.2. Detailed information... 9 2.2. Profitability criteria... 14 2.2.1. Global analysis... 14 2.2.2. Detailed analysis... 16 3. UTILIZATION OF FARM MANAGEMENT COMPUTERIZED TOOLS... 24 3.1. Perception of computerized tools... 24 3.1.1. Working time... 24 3.1.2. Awareness... 26 3.1.3. Profitability... 28 3.2. Utilisation of computerized tools... 30 3.2.1. Global analysis... 30 3.2.2. Detailed analysis... 31 4. CONCLUSION... 36 Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 1/37

Graph 1: Typology of the surveyed dairy farms... 4 Graph 2: purposes of the milk production... 5 Graph 3: Purposes of the milk production... 5 Graph 4: Occupation of the surveyed farm consultants... 5 Graph 5: Coping strategies in reducing the costs Farmers opinion... 6 Graph 6: Coping strategies in reducing the costs Consultants' opinion... 7 Graph 7: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of farmers from all countries... 9 Graph 8: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of consultants from all countries... 9 Graph 9: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of farmers from Belgium... 10 Graph 10: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of consultants from Belgium... 10 Graph 11: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of farmers from Germany... 11 Graph 12: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of consultants from Germany... 11 Graph 13: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of farmers from France... 12 Graph 14: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of consultants from France... 12 Graph 15: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of farmers from Ireland... 13 Graph 16: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of consultants from Ireland... 13 Graph 17: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of farmers from United Kingdom... 14 Graph 18: Major profitability criteria according to farmers... 15 Graph 19: Major profitability criteria according to farm consultants... 15 Graph 20: Profitability criteria in link with milk - Farmers' view... 17 Graph 21: Profitability criteria in link with milk - Consultants' view... 17 Graph 22: Profitability criteria in link with lactation - Farmers' view... 18 Graph 23: Profitability criteria in link with lactation - Consultants' view... 18 Graph 24: Profitability criteria in link with genetic - Farmers' view... 19 Graph 25: Profitability criteria in link with genetic - Consultants' view... 19 Graph 26: Profitability criteria in link with feeding - Farmers' view... 20 Graph 27: Profitability criteria in link with feeding - Consultants' view... 20 Graph 28: Profitability criteria in link with fertility - Farmers' view... 21 Graph 29: Profitability criteria in link with fertility - Consultants' view... 21 Graph 30: Profitability criteria in link with health - Farmers' view... 22 Graph 31: Profitability criteria in link with health - Consultants' view... 22 Graph 32: Profitability criteria in link with scoring - Farmers' view... 23 Graph 33: Profitability criteria in link with scoring - Consultants' view... 23 Graph 34: Computerized tools and working time when beginner Farmers view... 24 Graph 35: Computerized tools and working time when beginner Consultants view... 25 Graph 36: Computerized tools and working time when familiarized Farmers view... 25 Graph 37: Computerized tools and working time when familiarized Consultants view... 26 Graph 38: Computerized tools and awareness of problems - Farmers' view... 26 Graph 39: Computerized tools and awareness of problems - Consultants' view... 27 Graph 40: Computerized tools and awareness of opportunities - Farmers' view... 27 Graph 41: Computerized tools and awareness of opportunities - Consultants' view... 28 Graph 42: Computerized tools and profitability - Farmers' view... 29 Graph 43: Computerized tools and profitability - Consultants' view... 29 Graph 44: Utilisation of computerized tools by farmers... 30 Graph 45: Utilisation of computerized tools by consultants... 30 Graph 46: Utilisation of on local software by farmers... 32 Graph 47: On local software by farmers - For recording and follow-up... 32 Graph 48: On local software by farmers - For decision making... 32 Graph 49: Utilisation of on local software by consultants... 33 Graph 50: On local software by consultants - For recording and follow-up... 33 Graph 51: On local software by farmers - For decision making... 33 Graph 52: Utilisation of Web application by farmers... 34 Graph 53: Web application by farmers - For recording and follow-up... 34 Graph 54: Web application by farmers - For decision making... 34 Graph 55: Utilisation of Web application by consultants... 35 Graph 56: Web application by consultants - For recording and follow-up... 35 Graph 57: Web application by consultants - For decision making... 35 Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 2/37

1. INTRODUCTION The European dairy sector faces a crisis. The milk prices can be so low that many farmers struggle to sustain their business. The main reasons are the exposure to world markets, the impending removal of milk quotas and the growth of lower cost production in others areas. North West Europe (NWE) produces of the European milk. Its dairy industry employs ±150,000 people and represents a turnover of 70 billion that is 13% of the total turnover of the food industry in the European Union (EU-27). 8 of the milk production in NWE is supervised by Milk Recording Organizations (MROs) through 6,000 extension workers facilitating farmers decision making. The OptiMIR project (www.optimir.eu) aims to develop innovative farm management web applications that will use the spectral analysis of the Milk Recording samples to enable a sustainable and profitable management of the milk production. Within the framework of the Action 1 of this project, a perception survey was conducted with two objectives: To get the dairy farmers and their farm consultants opinion on the priority fields for ensuring the sustainability of the milk production. To draw a baseline of their perception of computerized farm management tools (software on local or web-application). The design of questionnaires was made through exchanges of ideas between the Milk Recording Organizations (MROs) who are partners in the project. The final validation by all the partners was made during the steering committee in Edinburgh on 05/07/2011. The survey was conducted locally by each MRO according to the local situation and constraints but Web questionnaires weren t used to avoid bias about the perception of computerized tools. Many MROs faced problems with getting farmers and consultants response to the survey. Usually people told they have no time for answering this type of questions: more especially they don t see any direct interests by taking time to answer. It was therefore time consuming to try to reach the quota of respondents per country that had been defined (200 dairy farmers and 50 consultants per country). CONVIS, the partner MRO from Luxembourg was not able to conduct the survey in its area. Finally the coverage of the survey is as followed: Country Surveyed farmers Average age of farmers Surveyed consultants Average age of consultants Belgium BE 203 45 27 47 Germany DE 258 46 56 46 France FR 193 43 53 40 Ireland IE 200 45 50 41 United Kingdom UK 100 46 0 N/A TOTAL 954 45 186 42 No big difference between the countries can be noticed regarding the average age of farmers and consultants. In all the histograms of this document, the category named TOT is the weighted average of the responses from all the countries. Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 3/37

Average n of cows Average litres x10,000 OR hectares Farm typology is defined with: The number of cows per farm The area (ha) allotted for cows fodder The milk quota (kg) which is very closed of the quantity of milk really produced The ratio between those 3 elements Farms typology 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 BE DE FR IE UK TOT Cows/farm Milk quota/farm Fodder area/farm 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Graph 1: Typology of the surveyed dairy farms Cows / 10000kg Milk Fodder Ha / Cow Fodder Ha / 10000kg Milk BE 1.46 0.68 1.00 DE 1.35 0.91 1.23 FR 1.41 1.11 1.57 IE 3.41 0.30 1.03 UK 2.03 0.42 0.85 TOT 1.86 0.60 1.11 The Graph 1 shows that the farms typology is comparable in Belgium, Germany and France but with less fodder area per cows in Belgium and more fodder area per kg of milk in France. In Ireland the quantity of milk produced per farm is comparable to those 3 countries, but more than twice the number of cows is needed to fill the quota because they feed less concentrates (grazing system) and have therefore a lower production per cow. Moreover the fodder area per cow is lower in Ireland: pastures are not included, and anyway the feed production of each ha of well managed grassland will be high in comparison to forage area in other countries. In UK the farm typology is different compared to all the others. Farms are bigger: more milk produced more cows and more fodder area per farm. Regarding cows performances UK farmers need more cows per kg of milk than Belgium-Germany-France but less than Ireland. Regarding fodder area it s less per cow than in Belgium-Germany-France because UK has quite a number of herds that are housed for 12 months of the year and often these farms have to buy in feed (in certain areas of the country demand for milk is high, but space for growing feed is limited). The Graphs 2 and 3 show the purposes of the milk production. No surprise here: the main part of the production is for dairy industry (>97%). The only slight difference is for UK where the part of raw milk directly sold is higher (±3%) than in other countries (<1%), and for Germany where the part of milk used for other purposes (mainly to feed calves or for home consumption) is higher (±2,5%) than in other countries ( 1%). Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 4/37

Purposes of milk production - Farmers from all countries 0.6% 0.8% 1.1% Delivery to dairy industry Raw milk direct sale On-farm processing Other 97.5% Graph 2: purposes of the milk production Purposes of milk production - Differences among countries 10 99% 98% 97% 96% 95% Other On-farm processing Raw milk direct sale Dairy industry 1 2 Other Feeding of calves Home consumption 94% 93% BE DE FR IE UK TOT Graph 3: Purposes of the milk production Surveyed farm consultants 3.8% 2.2% 1.6% Technician / Extension worker / Advisor 7.5% Veterinarian / Inseminator Animal Scientist 16.1% 52.7% Nutritionist Accountant / Economic advisor Other Graph 4: Occupation of the surveyed farm consultants Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 5/37

% of farmers saying it's at least important The Graph 4 shows the distribution within the different occupations of the farm consultants. Half of them are extension worker. More than 7 of them are people directly targeted by the future OptiMIR farm management tools (extension workers, veterinarians and nutritionists). 2. SUSTAINABILITY OF THE MILK PRODUCTION The survey was designed to determine opinions of the dairy farmers and their farm consultants on topics relevant to the sustainability and profitability of milk production, and those that should be given greatest priority by the project especially regarding the milk crisis. 2.1. Coping strategies in reducing the costs 2.1.1. Global analysis Respondents were firstly asked to identify how important were some coping strategies in the farms for costs reduction during the milk crisis (very important, important, not so important and unimportant). The Graph 5 and Graph 6 show the % of people thinking the following strategies are at least important: Postponement of investments. Cheaper feeding strategy Limitation of veterinary services (for health, for reproduction monitoring...) Limitation of advice services (extension workers, nutritionists...) Less performance recordings (milk recording, scoring...) Limitation of IA (less breeding, servicing by a bull...) 10 9 8 7 1 Coping strategies to milk crisis in the farms - Farmers' perception BE DE FR IE UK TOT Other IA limitation Less performance recordings Advice service limitation Vet service limitation Cheaper feeding strategy Investement postponement Graph 5: Coping strategies in reducing the costs Farmers opinion Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 6/37

% of consultants saying it's at least important 10 9 8 7 1 Coping strategies to milk crisis in the farms - Consultants' perception BE DE FR IE UK TOT Other Less performance recordings IA limitation Advice service limitation Vet service limitation Cheaper feeding strategy Investement postponement Graph 6: Coping strategies in reducing the costs Consultants' opinion During milk crisis the interest of having tools to manage the profitability is higher than ever. However when receipts are low farmers use to trim their sail. We must check which coping strategies could be obstacles or opportunities for the OptiMIR tools implementation and then turn the obstacles into challenges. 2.1.1.1. Postponement of investment Farmers and consultants agree with each other to indicate that the postponement of investment is obviously the most important strategy implemented in the farm when facing low selling prices of milk. We could say than that tools or services developed to help farmers to manage their profitability have therefore to be free or low cost to be adopted. UK is the only country where the postponement of investment is not the first coping strategy noticed by the farmers. 2.1.1.2. Performance recordings Fortunately very few farmers (±15%) told that the limitation of the performance recordings is an important coping strategy (±5% saying it s very important). That keeps the door widely open for innovative management tools based on the Milk Recording service. However the limitation of recording is considered as more important in Belgium and Ireland where this issue is therefore more a challenge than in other countries for OptiMIR tools implementation. Consultants perception is a little bit different: ± saying it s at least important which is double compared to farmers, but ±5% saying it s very important, the same as farmers. They could simply display here bias as some of them are occupied in the performance recording services. 2.1.1.3. Advice services Around 25% of the farmers told that the limitation of advice services is at least an important coping strategy for them (less than 1 saying it s very important). This amount can be considered as big because not all respondents use this type of service as opposed to Milk Recording for example. Web-applications used directly by the farmers and providing information for decision making cannot replace the advice given by e.g. an extension worker. Actually both are complementary and in fact that s the reason why consultants are targeted by the tools too. However in the case a farmer decides to Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 7/37

limit advice services it s then more important than ever that he can access easily, quickly to free or low costs information to enable him to manage its business. The limitation of advice services is less a challenge in Germany than in other countries. It seems the remark about consultants perception is exactly the same than at 1.2.: ±45% saying it s at least important which is almost double compared to farmers, but less than 1 saying it s very important meaning the same than farmers. 2.1.1.4. Feeding Both farmers and consultants pointed the decrease of feeding costs as the second highest topics in reducing the costs (>). That means an opportunity: OptiMIR has a big room for manoeuvre on animal nutrition to help farmers to rationalize the feed ration in an appropriate way e.g. through indicators of cows energy balance or cows proteins utilization to enable the rationalization of concentrates purchases and optimization of grass and forages. 2.1.1.5. Veterinary service Both farmers and consultants pointed the limitation of veterinary service as the third highest topics in reducing the costs (±45%). In one hand that means opportunities but in the other hand that means challenges. This coping strategy is for example an opportunity for OptiMIR in the case of a pregnancy diagnosis that can help to reduce the number of sonograms or rectal explorations made by the veterinarians. In the opposite the limitation of vet service becomes a challenge e.g. in the case of a disease diagnosis requesting a prescription from the vet. 2.1.1.6. Artificial insemination (AI) Finally, only ±15% farmers told that the limitation of AI is at least an important coping strategy in reducing costs (±5% saying it s very important). That s clearly an opportunity for a tool such as an indicator of the ability to conceive to save money on AI straws. Consultants figure shows one more time the same bias: ±35% saying it s at least important which is double compared to farmers, but less than 5% saying it s very important meaning almost the same than farmers. Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 8/37

2.1.2. Detailed information 10 9 8 7 1 Farmers from all countries - Milk crisis - How important are the strategies in reducing the costs? Unimportant Not so important Very important Graph 7: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of farmers from all countries Consult. from all countries - Milk crisis - How important are the strategies in reducing the costs? 10 9 8 7 1 Unimportant Not so important Very important Graph 8: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of consultants from all countries Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 9/37

10 9 8 7 1 Belgian farmers - Milk crisis - How important are the strategies in reducing the costs? Unimportant Not so important Very important Graph 9: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of farmers from Belgium 10 9 8 7 1 Belgian consultants - Milk crisis - How important are the strategies in reducing the costs? Unimportant Not so important Very important Graph 10: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of consultants from Belgium Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 10/37

10 9 8 7 1 German farmers - Milk crisis - How important are the strategies in reducing the costs? Unimportant Not so important Very important Graph 11: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of farmers from Germany 10 9 8 7 1 German consultants - Milk crisis - How important are the strategies in reducing the costs? Unimportant Not so important Very important Graph 12: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of consultants from Germany Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 11/37

10 9 8 7 1 French farmers - Milk crisis - How important are the strategies in reducing the costs? Unimportant Not so important Very important Graph 13: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of farmers from France 10 9 8 7 1 French consultants - Milk crisis - How important are the strategies in reducing the costs? Unimportant Not so important Very important Graph 14: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of consultants from France Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 12/37

10 9 8 7 1 Irish farmers - Milk crisis - How important are the strategies in reducing the costs? Unimportant Not so important Very important Graph 15: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of farmers from Ireland 10 9 8 7 1 Irish consultants - Milk crisis - How important are the strategies in reducing the costs? Unimportant Not so important Very important Graph 16: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of consultants from Ireland Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 13/37

10 9 8 7 1 British farmers - Milk crisis - How important are the strategies in reducing the costs? Unimportant Not so important Very important Graph 17: Strategies in reducing the costs - Answers of farmers from United Kingdom 2.2. Profitability criteria Farmers and consultants were asked how important are some fields in line with the dairy farm management for improving the profitability of this business (Crucial / / Less important). 2.2.1. Global analysis In a first step responses are sorted in 7 categories: Milk that includes yield, fat, proteins and cells. Lactation that includes milking ability, persistence and longevity. Genetic that includes cows breeding value, bulls breeding value and inbreeding rate. Feeding that includes forages, concentrates, other fodder and breed hardiness. Fertility that includes abortion rate, calving ease, days-open and AI success rate. Health that includes breed hardiness, claudication and mastitis. Scoring that includes temperament, udder and feet & legs. Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 14/37

% of consultants saying it's crucial % of farmers saying it's crucial 7 1 Profitability criteria - Global analysis - Farmers Genetic Lactation Feeding Fertility Scoring Milk Health Graph 18: Major profitability criteria according to farmers 7 1 Profitability criteria - Global analysis - Consultants Feeding Genetic Lactation Fertility Scoring Health Milk Graph 19: Major profitability criteria according to farm consultants The Graph 18 and graph 19 show that the priority categories regarding profitability are ranked as followed: % saying it s crucial Farmers Consultants > Health Milk Scoring - Fertility Feeding Lactation 20- Genetic Milk Health Scoring Fertility Lactation Genetic Feeding Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 15/37

Farmers and consultants almost agree with each other on the ranking but surprisingly the consultants ranked animal feeding as the latest with less than one consultant out of four telling it s crucial! Maybe the reason comes from their occupation: only 3.8% of nutritionists. Animal health appears as the first priority for the project. The second priority arising is the milk yield and quality. In fact lactation, genetic and scoring cannot be within the scope of the project which promotes the use of milk records for management purposes. The third priority for OptiMIR would be therefore composed of fertility and feeding topics. For fertility the research topics identified are: pregnancy, ability to conceive, cyclicity and embryo loss. For feeding there are energy balance and protein utilization. 2.2.2. Detailed analysis In a second step we look inside each category to try to find priority topics (see Graphs 20 to 33). OptiMIR has several potential R&D topics related to health: mastitis, Sub-Acute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA), overall immune status and ketosis. Graph 19 and graph 20 show that mastitis is the first priority topic. The second one would be SARA which can cause claudication. For fertility the potential R&D topics identified are: cyclicity, ability to conceive, pregnancy, and embryo loss. Graph 17 and graph 18 show that AI success is the first priority topics. Cyclicity, ability to conceive and pregnancy are linked to the AI success respectively to get the period for insemination, to assess the chance of success and to check the success. Embryo loss (abortion) comes after. For feeding the potential R&D topics are Energy Balance (EB) and Protein Utilization (PU). According to Graphs 15 and 16 having EB and PU indicators should be used firstly to optimize the forages part in the feed ration: there is a total agreement on this! Then these indicators could secondly be used to rationalize the quantity of concentrates. About the milk category the milk yield is not within the scope of OptiMIR that aims to reach the profitability by focusing on reduced costs and increased income per litre. In the opposite the milk quality could be tackled by OptiMIR in two ways. Indirectly through feeding, to answer current market expectations regarding milk value. Graphs 9 and 10 show that protein is obviously ahead fat for profitability but feeding will have more impact on fat. Cells issue is covered with current techniques. Directly, to answer future market expectations in link with the price of milk by measuring specific quality traits and giving direction for management e.g. for methane emissions or regulated food label claims. Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 16/37

% of consultants saying it's crucial % of consultants % of farmers saying it's crucial % of farmers Profitability criteria - Milk - Farmers TOTAL - Profitability criteria - Details for Milk 10 9 8 7 1 Fat Milk yield Cells Prot 10 9 8 7 1 Milk yield Fat Protein Cells Not considered Less important Capital Graph 20: Profitability criteria in link with milk - Farmers' view Profitability criteria - Milk - Consultants TOTAL - Profitability criteria - Details for Milk 10 9 8 7 1 Fat Prot Milk yield Cells 10 9 8 7 1 Milk yield Fat Prot Cells Not considered Less important Capital Graph 21: Profitability criteria in link with milk - Consultants' view Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 17/37

% of consultants saying it's crucial % of consultants % of farmers saying it's crucial % of farmers Profitability criteria - Lactation - Farmers TOTAL - Profitability criteria - Details for Lactation 10 9 8 7 1 Milking ability Persistence Longevity 10 9 8 7 1 Persistence Milking ability Longevity Not considered Less important Capital Graph 22: Profitability criteria in link with lactation - Farmers' view Profitability criteria - Lactation - Consultants TOTAL - Profitability criteria - Details for Lactation 10 9 8 7 1 Milking ability Persistence Longevity 10 9 8 7 1 Persistence Milking ability Longevity Not considered Less important Capital Graph 23: Profitability criteria in link with lactation - Consultants' view Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 18/37

% of consultants saying it's crucial % of consultants % of farmers saying it's crucial % of farmers Profitability criteria - Genetic - Farmers TOTAL - Profitability criteria - Details for Genetic 10 9 8 7 1 Inbreeding rate Cows BV Bulls BV 10 9 8 7 1 Bulls BV Cows BV Inbreeding rate Not considered Less important Capital Graph 24: Profitability criteria in link with genetic - Farmers' view Profitability criteria - Genetic - Consultants TOTAL - Profitability criteria - Details for Genetic 10 9 8 7 1 Cows BV Inbreeding rate Bulls BV 10 9 8 7 1 Bulls BV Cows BV Inbreeding rate Not considered Less important Capital Graph 25: Profitability criteria in link with genetic - Consultants' view Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 19/37

% of consultants saying it's crucial % of consultants % of farmers saying it's crucial % of farmers Profitability criteria - Feeding - Farmers TOTAL - Profitability criteria - Details for Feeding 10 9 8 7 1 Other fodder Concentrates Breed hardiness Forages 10 9 8 7 1 Forages Other fodder Concentrates Breed hardiness Not considered Less important Capital Graph 26: Profitability criteria in link with feeding - Farmers' view Profitability criteria - Feeding - Consultants TOTAL - Profitability criteria - Details for Feeding 10 9 8 7 1 Other fodder Breed hardiness Concentrates Forages 10 9 8 7 1 Forages Other fodder Concentrates Breed hardiness Not considered Less important Capital Graph 27: Profitability criteria in link with feeding - Consultants' view Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 20/37

% of consultants saying it's crucial % of consultants % of farmers saying it's crucial % of farmers Profitability criteria - Fertility - Farmers TOTAL - Profitability criteria - Details for Fertility 10 9 8 7 1 Calving ease Abortion Days-open IA success 10 9 8 7 1 Days-open IA success Calving ease Abortion Not considered Less important Capital Graph 28: Profitability criteria in link with fertility - Farmers' view Profitability criteria - Fertility - Consultants TOTAL - Profitability criteria - Details for Fertility 10 9 8 7 1 Abortion Calving ease Days-open IA success 10 9 8 7 1 Days-open IA success Calving ease Abortion Not considered Less important Capital Graph 29: Profitability criteria in link with fertility - Consultants' view Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 21/37

% of consultants saying it's capital % of consultants % of farmers saying it's capital % of farmers Profitability criteria - Health TOTAL - Profitability criteria - Details for Health 10 9 8 7 1 Breed hardiness Claudication Mastitis 10 9 8 7 1 Breed hardiness Mastitis Claudication Not considered Less important Capital Graph 30: Profitability criteria in link with health - Farmers' view Profitability criteria - Health TOTAL - Profitability criteria - Details for Health 10 9 8 7 1 Breed hardiness Claudication Mastitis 10 9 8 7 1 Breed hardiness Mastitis Claudication Not considered Less important Capital Graph 31: Profitability criteria in link with health - Consultants' view Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 22/37

% of consultants saying it's capital % of consultants % of farmers saying it's capital % of farmers Profitability criteria - Animal scoring TOTAL - Profitability criteria - Details for Animal scoring 10 9 8 7 1 Temperament Udder Feet & legs 10 9 8 7 1 Udder Feet & legs Temperament Not considered Less important Capital Graph 32: Profitability criteria in link with scoring - Farmers' view 10 9 8 7 1 Profitability criteria - Animal scoring Temperament Udder Feet & legs Graph 33: Profitability criteria in link with scoring - Consultants' view 10 9 8 7 1 TOTAL - Profitability criteria - Details for Animal scoring Not considered Less important Capital Udder Feet & legs Temperament Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 23/37

% of farmers 3. UTILIZATION OF FARM MANAGEMENT COMPUTERIZED TOOLS The survey was designed to have a baseline survey of the perception and utilization of computerized farm management tools by the dairy farmers (software on local or web applications). 3.1. Perception of computerized tools The dairy farmers and consultants where asked to give their opinion about the use of farm management tools. Actually they were invited to tell if the use of any type of agricultural software will increase or decrease: The overall working time while beginner with the computerized tool (Graphs 34 and 35) The overall working time while advanced user with the computerized tool (Graphs 36 and 37) The awareness of the problems in the farm (Graphs 38 and 39) The awareness of the opportunities in the farm (Graphs 40 and 41) The profitability of the milk production business (Graphs 42 and 43) The goal is obviously to weight how the future potential users of the OptiMIR tools consider this type of tool within their management. Do they think it can be somewhat useful or somewhat useless? Would adoption rate of new computerized tool be somewhat high or somewhat low in the different area? 3.1.1. Working time PERCEPTION OF COMPUTERIZED TOOLS - FARMERS What about your working time when using them as beginner? 10 9 8 7 1 Perceptibly decreased Somewhat decreased Somewhat increased Perceptibly increased Don't know Graph 34: Computerized tools and working time when beginner Farmers view Around 1 farmer out of 3 has no idea about their working time in case they start to use farm management software. That means they cannot estimate if the time spent on the computer by using farm software as beginner will enable overall time saving or not. However they are huge differences between the countries. A little more than 1 of British farmers don t know if their working time will increase or decrease when more than of Belgian farmers do! Germany and France are both around and Ireland around. When farmers gave an answer they mainly told that their working time is higher when they begin to use farm software. That s quite obvious as people need to get used to the new software: this will be compared below with the Graph 36 - working time when familiarized with the tool. Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 24/37

% of farmers % of consultants PERCEPTION OF COMPUTERIZED TOOLS - CONSULTANTS What about your working time when using them as beginner? 10 9 8 7 1 Perceptibly decreased Somewhat decreased Somewhat increased Perceptibly increased Don't know Graph 35: Computerized tools and working time when beginner Consultants view Consultants answers are very different as half of them told they don t know. There are no big differences between countries. If we compare with the Graph 37 - working time when familiarized with the tool the explanation seems clear: consultants considered themselves as advanced users and that s certainly why they just told they don t know about beginners. Consultants who provided an opinion mainly declared that the working time is increased when starting to use farm software but not so much. They surely consider here the time to get used with the tool. PERCEPTION OF COMPUTERIZED TOOLS - FARMERS What about your working time when using them as familiarized user? 10 9 8 7 1 Perceptibly decreased Somewhat decreased Somewhat increased Perceptibly increased Don't know Graph 36: Computerized tools and working time when familiarized Farmers view Around 1 farmer out of 3 has still no idea about their overall working time when using farm software for a moment. They cannot estimate if the time spent on the computer will enable overall time saving or not whatever if they are beginner or advanced user. The differences between countries remain the same. By looking at farmers giving an answer we can say roughly that half of them told that they will save working time while the other half told the opposite but Irish farmers seem to be less optimistic than others. The feeling of farmers is an opportunity for OptiMIR tools: as soon as they got used with a computerized tool half of French, German and British farmers think the overall working time will decrease, meaning they feel that this type of tool helps to save time. Irish farmers mainly think the opposite and Belgian farmers especially don t know. Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 25/37

% of farmers % of farmers PERCEPTION OF COMPUTERIZED TOOLS - CONSULTANTS What about your working time when using them as familiarized user? 10 9 8 7 1 Perceptibly decreased Somewhat decreased Somewhat increased Perceptibly increased Don't know Graph 37: Computerized tools and working time when familiarized Consultants view The conclusion for the consultants from all the countries is the same. Roughly half of them told that they will save working time while the other half told the opposite. However there are big differences between the countries. In France and especially in Germany they are very optimistic regarding the saving of time with computerized tools, in Belgium they are more mixed and in Ireland more than 9 of them think the working time is increased with computerized tools. We must therefore look below in Graph 43 what Irish people think about their profitability when using computerized tool to check if their perception is an obstacle for OptiMIR tools implementation. We will also look if they use more or less this type of tools than in other areas. 3.1.2. Awareness PERCEPTION OF COMPUTERIZED TOOLS - FARMERS What about your awareness of problems when using them? 10 9 8 7 1 Perceptibly decreased Somewhat decreased Somewhat increased Perceptibly increased Don't know Graph 38: Computerized tools and awareness of problems - Farmers' view Farmers mainly told that they will increase their awareness of some problems in their herd by using computerized tools. This is an opportunity for OptiMIR. We can notice that one more time more than of Belgian farmers told they simply don t know. Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 26/37

% of farmers % of consultants PERCEPTION OF COMPUTERIZED TOOLS - CONSULTANTS What about your awareness of problems when using them? 10 9 8 7 1 Perceptibly decreased Somewhat decreased Somewhat increased Perceptibly increased Don't know Graph 39: Computerized tools and awareness of problems - Consultants' view Consultants roughly agree with farmers but more consultants know what to answer compared to farmers. PERCEPTION OF COMPUTERIZED TOOLS - FARMERS What about your awareness of opportunities when using them? 10 9 8 7 1 Perceptibly decreased Somewhat decreased Somewhat increased Perceptibly increased Don't know Graph 40: Computerized tools and awareness of opportunities - Farmers' view Farmers mainly told that they will increase their awareness of opportunities in their herd by using computerized tools. This is an opportunity for OptiMIR. However, the number of farmers who don t know is lower for awareness of problems, especially in France, meaning they could think computerized tools are especially useful to correct a bad situation. Belgium is as usual very high regarding farmers who don t know. Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 27/37

% of consultants PERCEPTION OF COMPUTERIZED TOOLS - CONSULTANTS What about your awareness of opportunities when using them? 10 9 8 7 1 Perceptibly decreased Somewhat decreased Somewhat increased Perceptibly increased Don't know Graph 41: Computerized tools and awareness of opportunities - Consultants' view The conclusion is the same with the consultants, including for France concerning awareness of problems. More consultants know what to answer compared to farmers. 3.1.3. Profitability Around of farmers told they don t know if computerized tools can help them to increase the profitability and therefore to sustain their business: from for Belgian farmers to for Irish farmers. Good news for OptiMIR as the main part of farmers giving an answer told the profitability will increase. No need to convince them. The main part of Irish farmers thinks their working time will increase with farm software, but it s balanced with the increase of profitability. Figures for consultants show the same conclusion with less people who don t know. Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 28/37

PERCEPTION OF COMPUTERIZED TOOLS - FARMERS What about your profitability when using them? PERCEPTION OF COMPUTERIZED TOOLS Farmers from all countries - Profitability 10 9 2.1% 0.8% 8 % of farmers 7 Perceptibly decreased Somewhat decreased Somewhat increased Perceptibly increased Don't know 37.3% 41.7% Don't know Perceptibly increased Somewhat increased Somewhat decreased Perceptibly decreased 1 18.2% Graph 42: Computerized tools and profitability - Farmers' view PERCEPTION OF COMPUTERIZED TOOLS - CONSULTANTS What about your profitability when using them? PERCEPTION OF COMPUTERIZED TOOLS Consultants from all countries - Profitability 10 9 1.6% 1.1% % of consultants 8 7 Perceptibly decreased Somewhat decreased Somewhat increased Perceptibly increased Don't know 48.9% 20.4% 28. Don't know Perceptibly increased Somewhat increased Somewhat decreased Perceptibly decreased 1 Graph 43: Computerized tools and profitability - Consultants' view Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 29/37

% of consultants saying yes % of farmers saying yes 3.2. Utilisation of computerized tools The dairy farmers and consultants were asked the following questions: Do they have a computer and an Internet connection? If yes, do they use farm management tools on local or through the web? If yes, for recording and following-up of cows and herd data, for decision making, or for economic purposes? Recording and following-up of cows and herd data is more related to the past and present, and includes: Animal data like age, lactation number, pedigree, etc. Milk data like yield, fat, protein, peak, etc. Reproduction data like AI, pregnancy diagnosis, heats, abortion, etc. Health data like diseases and treatments applied. Other data Decision making is more related to present and future, and includes a couple of indicators to guide the management of fertility (e.g. heats calendar), breeding (e.g. mating advice), health (e.g. cells score), feeding (e.g. fat to protein ratio) and others. 3.2.1. Global analysis 10 9 8 7 1 UTILISATION OF COMPUTERIZED TOOLS - FARMERS Use farm software(s) on local Use farm web-application(s) Have computer Have Internet access Graph 44: Utilisation of computerized tools by farmers 10 9 8 7 1 UTILISATION OF COMPUTERIZED TOOLS - CONSULTANTS Use farm software(s) on local Use farm web-application(s) Have computer Have Internet access Graph 45: Utilisation of computerized tools by consultants Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 30/37

Around 9 of the farmers from all the countries have a computer and of them use farm software on local. That means 2 farmers out of 3 who have computer use farm software on local. 10 of the consultants have a computer and around 9 of them use farm software on local (a little bit more for Ireland and France, a little bit less for Belgium and Germany). That means the future potential users of the OptiMIR tools are mainly familiarized with computerized tools: this is an opportunity for the project. Almost all the people who have a computer have also an Internet access. However the use of farm web application is less than the use of farm software on local, except in Ireland where both farmers and consultants seem to be familiarized with the use of web tools. The implementation of OptiMIR tools and familiarization by users should be easy in UK and Ireland where respectively and 7 of the farmers already use web-application (10 for Irish consultants). In the opposite it could be a challenge in Belgium and Germany especially with farmers, and in France especially with consultants (±25% of them using web application). It s amazing that the % of French farmers using web tools is higher than for consultants. On the whole North West Europe area, ± of farmers and ±65% of consultants are already familiarized with computerized tools through Internet: the opportunity for the project is therefore confirmed. 3.2.2. Detailed analysis A very high rate of farmers and consultants using farm software on local or through Internet does it to record and follow-up cows and herd data. That s expectable as all farmers are members of a Milk Recording Organization (see Graphs 46 and 49). So farmers monitor mainly the animal data, milk production and reproduction information (see Graphs 47 and 53). That s an opportunity for the Fertility Research Group of OptiMIR who have to couple this type of data with spectra to develop fertility tools based on MIR. In the opposite only 1 farmer out of 3 tells he records health data. That s a challenge for OptiMIR because health data have to be coupled with spectrum within the frame of the Health Research Group. The feeding of the transnational database with health data is more complicated than with reproduction data, meaning less opportunity for health tools development than for fertility tools. Consultants roughly told the same but obviously with more interest for health. When decision making tools are used by farmers they are mainly for fertility. Breeding, feeding and health issues come after. Consultants are less interested by breeding (see Graphs 48, 51, 54 and 57). German farmers appreciate especially feeding advices: that s coherent with the fact that Hohenheim University leads the Nutrition Research Group. On all the points it seems Ireland is on the lead with computerized tools. That s coherent with the fact that ICBF leads the IT Working group. The core business of OptiMIR is web-applications for decision making. The current rate of utilization of such tools by the farmers is less than in the whole project (see Graph 54). However the differences are important between the countries. In Belgium and Germany the rate is poor (<15%). The door is there widely open for OptiMIR tools (no competition) and the challenge will be more to convince the farmers to use web application. In Ireland the rate is very high (>) and in UK it s high (>35%). In those 2 countries farmers would be convinced more easily by web application but OptiMIR have to bring added value compared to what they already use. France is just between. The current rate of utilization of decision making web applications by the consultants is slightly different. Irish rate is still the highest with an amazing 10 but Germany is now second with more than. Belgium rate is doubled which is quite logical. France rate is surprisingly very low (<1) while 25% of the farmers declare to use this type of tools: maybe French farmers manage the web application by themselves without consultants support. Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 31/37

% of farmers using this type of software % of farmers using this type of software % of farmers using this type of software 8 7 1 COMPUTERIZED TOOLS - ON LOCAL - FARMERS Economics Decision making & management Recordings & follow-up of cows data FARM SOFTWARES ON LOCAL Graph 46: Utilisation of on local software by farmers Recordings & follow-up of cows data - On local - Farmers Decision making & management indicators - On local - Farmers 8 7 7 1 Other data Health data Repro data Milk data Animal data ANY DATA 1 Other indic. Health indic. Feeding indic. Breeding indic. Fertility indic. ANY INDIC. Graph 47: On local software by farmers - For recording and follow-up Graph 48: On local software by farmers - For decision making Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 32/37

% of consultants using this type of software % of consultants using this type of software % of consultants using this type of software 10 9 8 7 1 COMPUTERIZED TOOLS - ON LOCAL - CONSULTANTS Economics Decision making & management Recordings & follow-up of cows data FARM SOFTWARES ON LOCAL Graph 49: Utilisation of on local software by consultants Recordings & follow-up of cows data - On local - Consultants 10 9 8 7 Other data Health data Animal data Repro data Milk data ANY DATA 1 Graph 50: On local software by consultants - For recording and follow-up Decision making & management indicators - On local - Consultants 10 9 8 7 Other indic. Breeding indic. Health indic. Fertility indic. Feeding indic. ANY INDIC. 1 Graph 51: On local software by farmers - For decision making Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 33/37

% of farmers using this type of software % of farmers using this type of software % of farmers using this type of software 10 9 8 7 1 COMPUTERIZED TOOLS - WEB APPLICATION - FARMERS Economics Decision making & management Recordings & follow-up of cows data FARM WEB-APPLICATIONS Graph 52: Utilisation of Web application by farmers Recordings & follow-up of cows data - Web application - Farmers Decision making & management indicators - Web application - Farmers 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 Other data 7 Other indic. Health data Feeding indic. Repro data Health indic. Animal data Breeding indic. Milk data ANY DATA Fertility indic. ANY INDIC. 1 1 Graph 53: Web application by farmers - For recording and follow-up Graph 54: Web application by farmers - For decision making Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 34/37

% of consultants using this type of software % of consultants using this type of software % of consultants using this type of software 10 9 8 7 1 COMPUTERIZED TOOLS - WEB APPLICATION - CONSULTANTS Economics Decision making & management Recordings & follow-up of cows data FARM WEB-APPLICATIONS Graph 55: Utilisation of Web application by consultants Recordings & follow-up of cows data - Web application - Consultants 10 9 8 7 Other data Health data Milk data Repro data Animal data ANY DATA 1 Graph 56: Web application by consultants - For recording and follow-up Decision making & management indicators - Web application - Consultants 10 9 8 7 Other indic. Breeding indic. Feeding indic. Fertility indic. Health indic. ANY INDIC. 1 Graph 57: Web application by consultants - For decision making Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 35/37

4. CONCLUSION All along this conclusion obstacles and opportunities for the OptiMIR tools are summarized. Highlighted opportunities should be used relevantly in project implementation, especially if some opportunities noticed in one country can help in others. Obstacles have to be turn into challenges. About the farm typology we can tell that France, Germany and Belgium are quite similar. Ireland is different, with more cows to fill the quota and grasslands. UK has bigger farm with less cow food selfsufficiency. The postponement of investment is the most important strategy implemented in the farm when facing low selling prices of milk, except in UK. OptiMIR tools have therefore to be free or low cost to be adopted. Very few farmers told that the limitation of the performance recordings is an important coping strategy. That keeps the door widely open for innovative management tools based on the Milk Recording service. However the limitation of recording is a little bit more important in Belgium and Ireland. One farmers out of four told that the limitation of advice services is at least an important coping strategy. If farmers decides to limit advice services from extension workers it s then more important than ever that they can access easily, quickly to free or low costs information to enable a relevant management through e.g. OptiMIR tools. In Germany the limitation of advice services is lower. Both farmers and consultants pointed the decrease of feeding costs as the second highest topics in reducing the costs. OptiMIR has a big room for manoeuvre on animal nutrition to help farmers to rationalize the feed ration e.g. through indicators of cows energy balance or cows proteins utilization to enable the rationalization of concentrates purchases and optimization of grass and forages. Both farmers and consultants pointed the limitation of veterinary service as the third highest topics in reducing the costs. It could be an opportunity for OptiMIR in the case e.g. of a pregnancy diagnosis (decrease of sonograms or rectal explorations). It could be a challenge e.g. in the case of a disease diagnosis requesting a prescription from the vet. Finally, the limitation of AI is not an important coping strategy. That s clearly an opportunity for a tool such as an indicator of the ability to conceive to save money on AI straws. Outcomes regarding profitability criteria given by dairy farmers and consultants are as followed: Priority Category Sub-priority Topics identified for OptiMIR 1 Mastitis indicator 1 Health 2 Sub-Acute Ruminal Acidosis indicator 2 Milk 1 Feeding management to improve fat (and maybe protein) rate Methane indicator 3 Feeding 1 Energy Balance and Protein Utilization to optimize forages 2 Energy Balance and Protein Utilization to rationalize concentrates 4 Fertility 1 Pregnancy diagnosis Ability to conceive indicator Cyclicity indicator 2 Embryo loss indicator Perception survey of the dairy farmers and their consultants page 36/37